다중혈관 관상동맥 환자에서 y-문합을 이용하여 양쪽 내흉동맥만을 사용한 우회술의 조기 성적

[신간의 별자리x] 우리/미술, 그리고 ‘슬픔의 박물관’

https://escholarship.umassmed.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1006&context=covid19

SARS-CoV-2

The important life-supporting role of hydrogen sulfide (H2S) has evolved from bacteria to plants, invertebrates, vertebrates, and finally to mammals. Over the centuries, however, H2S had only been known for its toxicity and environmental hazard. Physiological importance of H2S has been appreciated for about a decade. It started by the discovery of endogenous H2S production in mammalian cells and gained momentum by typifying this gasotransmitter with a variety of physiological functions. The H2S-catalyzing enzymes are differentially expressed in cardiovascular, neuronal, immune, renal, respiratory, gastrointestinal, reproductive, liver, and endocrine systems and affect the functions of these systems through the production of H2S. The physiological functions of H2S are mediated by different molecular targets, such as different ion channels and signaling proteins. Alternations of H2S metabolism lead to an array of pathological disturbances in the form of hypertension, atherosclerosis, heart failure, diabetes...

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Physiological Implications of Hydrogen Sulfide: A Whiff Exploration That Blossomed

The shear-responsive transcription factor Kruppel-like factor 2 (KLF2) is a critical regulator of endothelial gene expression patterns induced by atheroprotective flow. As microRNAs (miRNAs) post-transcriptionally control gene expression in many pathogenic and physiological processes, we investigated the regulation of miRNAs by KLF2 in endothelial cells. KLF2 binds to the promoter and induces a significant upregulation of the miR-143/145 cluster. Interestingly, miR-143/145 has been shown to control smooth muscle cell (SMC) phenotypes; therefore, we investigated the possibility of transport of these miRNAs between endothelial cells and SMCs. Indeed, extracellular vesicles secreted by KLF2-transduced or shear-stress-stimulated HUVECs are enriched in miR-143/145 and control target gene expression in co-cultured SMCs. Extracellular vesicles derived from KLF2-expressing endothelial cells also reduced atherosclerotic lesion formation in the aorta of ApoE(-/-) mice. Combined, our results show that atheroprotective stimuli induce communication between endothelial cells and SMCs through an miRNA- and extracellular-vesicle-mediated mechanism and that this may comprise a promising strategy to combat atherosclerosis.

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Atheroprotective communication between endothelial cells and smooth muscle cells through miRNAs.

Hyperhomocysteinemia and Hyperglycemia Induce and Potentiate Endothelial Dysfunction via m-Calpain

Gastrochilus xizangensis, a new species of Gastrochilus from Xizang, China, is described and illustrated based on morphological characters and DNA evidence. Morphological comparisons indicate that the new species G. xizangensis is highly similar to G. raraensis , G. deltoglossus and G. setosus, from which it differs by its lip with two ridges ranging from spur into central part, ridges with dense short hairs, lip margins membranous and white, sparsely with short hairs.

Gastrochilus xizangensis (Aeridinae, Vandeae, Orchidaceae), a new species from Xizang, China

Habenaria qinghaiensis, a new species of Orchidaceae from Qinghai Province, is described and illustrated. Molecular phylogenetic analysis based on nuclear ITS (nrITS) and two plastid (matK and rbcL) DNA markers indicates that H. qinghaiensis belongs to H. josephi group (sect. Diphyllae s.l.). It is morphologically similar to H. josephi and H. tibetica, but differs from the former by having petals shallowly 2-lobed at base, lateral lobes of lip 1.8–2.2 cm long, lip with cushion-like appendage at entrance of spur, and from the latter by having almost glabrous bracts, petals and ovary, lip with cushion-like appendage at entrance of spur, and three stigmas.

A new species of Habenaria (Orchidaceae, Orchideae) from Qinghai Province, China

Chiloschista densiflora (Orchidaceae), a new record of flora of China, is described and illustrated based on materials from Motuo, Xizang. Morphologically, Chiloschista densiflora is characterized by middle lobe with a pubescent callus ranging from base to apex, two conical calli at base, short and stocky column.

Chiloschista densiflora (Orchidaceae), a distinctive species newly recorded from Xizang, China

Mycoheterotrophs, acquiring organic carbon and other nutrients from mycorrhizal fungi, have evolved repeatedly with substantial plastid genome (plastome) variations. To date, the fine-scale evolution of mycoheterotrophic plastomes at the intraspecific level is not well-characterized. A few studies have revealed unexpected plastome divergence among species complex members, possibly driven by various biotic/abiotic factors. To illustrate evolutionary mechanisms underlying such divergence, we analyzed plastome features and molecular evolution of 15 plastomes of Neottia listeroides complex from different forest habitats.These 15 samples of Neottia listeroides complex split into three clades according to their habitats approximately 6 million years ago: Pine Clade, including ten samples from pine-broadleaf mixed forests, Fir Clade, including four samples from alpine fir forests and Fir-willow Clade with one sample. Compared with those of Pine Clade members, plastomes of Fir Clade members show smaller size and higher substitution rates. Plastome size, substitution rates, loss and retention of plastid-encoded genes are clade-specific. We propose to recognized six species in N. listeroides complex and slightly modify the path of plastome degradation.Our results provide insight into the evolutionary dynamics and discrepancy of closely related mycoheterotrophic orchid lineages at a high phylogenetic resolution. 

/pdf/habitat-related-plastome-evolution-in-the-mycoheterotrophic-2z5d6ufd.pdf

Xiaohua Jiang

Papers

Hyperhomocysteinemia and Hyperglycemia Induce and Potentiate Endothelial Dysfunction via m-Calpain

Gastrochilus xizangensis (Aeridinae, Vandeae, Orchidaceae), a new species from Xizang, China

A new species of Habenaria (Orchidaceae, Orchideae) from Qinghai Province, China

Chiloschista densiflora (Orchidaceae), a distinctive species newly recorded from Xizang, China

Habitat-related plastome evolution in the mycoheterotrophic Neottia listeroides complex (Orchidaceae, Neottieae)