다중혈관 관상동맥 환자에서 y-문합을 이용하여 양쪽 내흉동맥만을 사용한 우회술의 조기 성적

[신간의 별자리x] 우리/미술, 그리고 ‘슬픔의 박물관’

In this review, we highlight the use of organic photoredox catalysts in a myriad of synthetic transformations with a range of applications. This overview is arranged by catalyst class where the photophysics and electrochemical characteristics of each is discussed to underscore the differences and advantages to each type of single electron redox agent. We highlight both net reductive and oxidative as well as redox neutral transformations that can be accomplished using purely organic photoredox-active catalysts. An overview of the basic photophysics and electron transfer theory is presented in order to provide a comprehensive guide for employing this class of catalysts in photoredox manifolds.

Organic Photoredox Catalysis

비만아 부모의 돌봄 경험: q 방법론

Over the past decade, the most significant, conceptual advances in the field of fluorination were enabled most prominently by organo- and transition-metal catalysis. The most challenging transformation remains the formation of the parent C-F bond, primarily as a consequence of the high hydration energy of fluoride, strong metal-fluorine bonds, and highly polarized bonds to fluorine. Most fluorination reactions still lack generality, predictability, and cost-efficiency. Despite all current limitations, modern fluorination methods have made fluorinated molecules more readily available than ever before and have begun to have an impact on research areas that do not require large amounts of material, such as drug discovery and positron emission tomography. This Review gives a brief summary of conventional fluorination reactions, including those reactions that introduce fluorinated functional groups, and focuses on modern developments in the field.

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Introduction of Fluorine and Fluorine-Containing Functional Groups

X. Wang, H. Zhang, Prof. L. Dong, Dr. D. Peng, Dr. A. Zhang, Prof. Y. Zhang, Prof. H. Liu, Prof. C. Pan, Prof. Z. L. Wang Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100083 , PR China E-mail: donglin@binn.cas.cn; cfpan@binn.cas.cn; zhong.wang@mse.gatech.edu H. Zhang, Prof. L. Dong School of Materials Science & Engineering Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou 450001 , PR China R. Yu, Prof. Z. L. Wang School of Materials Science and Engineering Georgia Institute of Technology Atlanta , GA 30332–0245 , USA

Dynamic Pressure Mapping of Personalized Handwriting by a Flexible Sensor Matrix Based on the Mechanoluminescence Process

An efficient copper-catalyzed allylic trifluoromethylation reaction has been developed. This reaction provides a general and straightforward way to synthesize allylic trifluoromethylated compounds under mild conditions.

Copper-catalyzed C(sp3)-C(sp3) bond formation using a hypervalent iodine reagent: an efficient allylic trifluoromethylation.

Arene diazonium salts are common, easily prepared and highly useful intermediates in organic synthesis due to their rich reactivity and diverse transformations. In this review, recent advances involving arene diazonium salts as starting materials or active intermediates for various synthetically useful applications are summarized.

Recent applications of arene diazonium salts in organic synthesis.

Transition-metal-catalyzed cross-coupling reactions involving a carbene migratory insertion process have been developed rapidly during the past ten years. Such a type of coupling reactions provides useful methodologies for the construction of carbon–carbon and carbon–heteroatom bonds. On the basis of the carbene migratory insertion process, catalytic cascade reactions have also been designed and developed, affording versatile methods for the construction of complex molecules. In this review, four types of transition-metal-catalyzed cascade reactions involving the carbene migratory insertion process are discussed.

Yan Zhang

Papers

Dynamic Pressure Mapping of Personalized Handwriting by a Flexible Sensor Matrix Based on the Mechanoluminescence Process

Copper-catalyzed C(sp3)-C(sp3) bond formation using a hypervalent iodine reagent: an efficient allylic trifluoromethylation.

Recent applications of arene diazonium salts in organic synthesis.

Catalytic Cascade Reactions Involving Metal Carbene Migratory Insertion

Recent developments in copper-catalyzed reactions of diazo compounds