To use solar irradiation or interior lighting efficiently, we sought a photocatalyst with high reactivity under visible light. Films and powders of TiO 2- x N x have revealed an improvement over titanium dioxide (TiO 2 ) under visible light (wavelength 2 has proven to be indispensable for band-gap narrowing and photocatalytic activity, as assessed by first-principles calculations and x-ray photoemission spectroscopy.

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Visible-Light Photocatalysis in Nitrogen-Doped Titanium Oxides

Titanium Dioxide Nanomaterials: Synthesis, Properties, Modifications, and Applications

[Yang, Hua Gui; Sun, Cheng Hua; Qiao, Shi Zhang; Liu, Gang; Smith, Sean Campbell; Lu, Gao Qing] Univ Queensland, ARC Ctr Excellence Funct Nanomat, Sch Engn, Brisbane, Qld 4072, Australia. [Yang, Hua Gui; Sun, Cheng Hua; Qiao, Shi Zhang; Liu, Gang; Smith, Sean Campbell; Lu, Gao Qing] Univ Queensland, Australian Inst Bioengn & Nanotechnol, Ctr Computat Mol Sci, Brisbane, Qld 4072, Australia. [Zou, Jin] Univ Queensland, Ctr Microscopy & Microanal, Brisbane, Qld 4072, Australia. [Zou, Jin] Univ Queensland, Sch Engn, Brisbane, Qld 4072, Australia. [Liu, Gang; Cheng, Hui Ming] Chinese Acad Sci, Met Res Inst, Shenyang Natl Lab Mat sci, Shenyang 110016, Peoples R China.;Lu, GQ (reprint author), Univ Queensland, ARC Ctr Excellence Funct Nanomat, Sch Engn, Brisbane, Qld 4072, Australia;s.qiao@uq.edu.au maxlu@uq.edu.au

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Anatase TiO(2) single crystals with a large percentage of reactive facets

Fujishima and Honda (1972) demonstrated the potential of titanium dioxide (TiO2) semiconductor materials to split water into hydrogen and oxygen in a photo-electrochemical cell. Their work triggered the development of semiconductor photocatalysis for a wide range of environmental and energy applications. One of the most significant scientific and commercial advances to date has been the development of visible light active (VLA) TiO2 photocatalytic materials. In this review, a background on TiO2 structure, properties and electronic properties in photocatalysis is presented. The development of different strategies to modify TiO2 for the utilization of visible light, including non metal and/or metal doping, dye sensitization and coupling semiconductors are discussed. Emphasis is given to the origin of visible light absorption and the reactive oxygen species generated, deduced by physicochemical and photoelectrochemical methods. Various applications of VLA TiO2, in terms of environmental remediation and in particular water treatment, disinfection and air purification, are illustrated. Comprehensive studies on the photocatalytic degradation of contaminants of emerging concern, including endocrine disrupting compounds, pharmaceuticals, pesticides, cyanotoxins and volatile organic compounds, with VLA TiO2 are discussed and compared to conventional UV-activated TiO2 nanomaterials. Recent advances in bacterial disinfection using VLA TiO2 are also reviewed. Issues concerning test protocols for real visible light activity and photocatalytic efficiencies with different light sources have been highlighted.

/pdf/a-review-on-the-visible-light-active-titanium-dioxide-2qg81s4yao.pdf

A review on the visible light active titanium dioxide photocatalysts for environmental applications

We demonstrate very high efficiency electrophosphorescence in organic light-emitting devices employing a phosphorescent molecule doped into a wide energy gap host. Using bis(2-phenylpyridine)iridium(III) acetylacetonate [(ppy)2Ir(acac)] doped into 3-phenyl-4(1′-naphthyl)-5-phenyl-1,2,4-triazole, a maximum external quantum efficiency of (19.0±1.0)% and luminous power efficiency of (60±5) lm/W are achieved. The calculated internal quantum efficiency of (87±7)% is supported by the observed absence of thermally activated nonradiative loss in the photoluminescent efficiency of (ppy)2Ir(acac). Thus, very high external quantum efficiencies are due to the nearly 100% internal phosphorescence efficiency of (ppy)2Ir(acac) coupled with balanced hole and electron injection, and triplet exciton confinement within the light-emitting layer.

Nearly 100% internal phosphorescence efficiency in an organic light emitting device

Oligomeric triphenylamines having high glass transition temperatures are synthesized for use in thermally stable organic electroluminescent devices.

Novel Hole‐Transporting Materials Based on Triphenylamine for Organic Electroluminescent Devices

We report the photochemical reaction of volatile organic compounds (VOC's), such as acetaldehyde and toluene, over nitrogen doped TiO2(TiO-N) under visible light irradiation, using liquid chromatography (LC), gas chromatography (GC) and gas chromatograph mass spectrometer (GC-MS) for gases analysis, and diffuse reflectance fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (DRIFTS) and ion chromatography (IC) for adsorbed organics. We evaluated the photo degradation rates and intermediates for the above gases. As a result, the degradation rates of acetaldehyde gas on TiO-N were 1.2-3 times greater than those on TiO2, and those of toluene gas on TiO-N were 4-49 times greater than those on TiO2. Low concentrations of acetone and acetic acid were produced during the photo degradation of acetaldehyde by the TiO-N. From toluene, very low concentrations of formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, acetone and benzaldehyde gases were produced. We also revealed the decomposition processes of toluene. Results obtained indicate that toluene, weakly adsorbed on the photocatalyst surface, is initially photooxidized to benzaldehyde which adsorbs onto the TiO-N surface more strongly, leading to the formation of ring-opening products such as carboxylic acids and aldehydes. These intermediate products were gradually photodegraded to CO2 and H2O under visible light irradiation.

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Photochemical Reaction of VOC Gases on the Visible Light Photocatalyst Surfaces

PURPOSE:To obtain a double refraction plate which is uniform in retardation by fixing and disposing a substrate to an evaporation source such a position where the film thickness distribution occurring in the differences in the distances between the evaporation source and the respective positions to be deposited with a material on the substrate surface can be compensated by a change in the angle of vapor deposition. CONSTITUTION:The retardation by the double refraction of the diagonally vapor deposited film formed by diagonal vapor deposition of an oxide, etc., is defined by the film thickness and vapor deposition angle if the material to be deposited by evaporation is the same. The substrate 1 is then fixed and disposed to incline the normal of the substrate 1 surface at theta with respect to the vertical direction of the evaporation source 3 in such a manner that the film thicknesses corresponding to the distances between the evaporation source 3 and the positions to be deposited on the substrate 1 can be compensated by an increase in the angle of vapor deposition. The double refractive plate having the uniform retardation is thereby easily formed without making intricate substrate motion.

Production of double refractive plate

https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/sfj1989/47/7/47_7_571/_pdf

Hydrophobic Surface Treatment of Metal Oxides

Novel nonplanar and branched electron transporting molecules which exhibit stable amorphous glassy state and high solubility into the polymer matrix have been synthesized and applied to the molecularly doped polymer EL device.

Yasunori Taga

Papers

Novel Hole‐Transporting Materials Based on Triphenylamine for Organic Electroluminescent Devices

Photochemical Reaction of VOC Gases on the Visible Light Photocatalyst Surfaces

Production of double refractive plate

Hydrophobic Surface Treatment of Metal Oxides

Nonplanar and Branched Electron Transporting Molecules for Organic EL Device