This chapter is devoted to a more detailed examination of game theory. Game theory is an important tool for analyzing strategic behavior, is concerned with how individuals make decisions when they recognize that their actions affect, and are affected by, the actions of other individuals or groups. Strategic behavior recognizes that the decision-making process is frequently mutually interdependent. Game theory is the study of the strategic behavior involving the interaction of two or more individuals, teams, or firms, usually referred to as players. Two game theoretic scenarios were examined in this chapter: Simultaneous-move and multi-stage games. In simultaneous-move games the players effectively move at the same time. A normal-form game summarizes the players, possible strategies and payoffs from alternative strategies in a simultaneous-move game. Simultaneous-move games may be either noncooperative or cooperative. In contrast to noncooperative games, players of cooperative games engage in collusive behavior. A Nash equilibrium, which is a solution to a problem in game theory, occurs when the players’ payoffs cannot be improved by changing strategies. Simultaneous-move games may be either one-shot or repeated games. One-shot games are played only once. Repeated games are games that are played more than once. Infinitely-repeated games are played over and over again without end. Finitely-repeated games are played a limited number of times. Finitely-repeated games have certain or uncertain ends.

An Introduction to Game Theory

algorithmics and modular computations, Theory of Codes and Cryptography (3).From an analytical 1. RE Blahut. Theory and practice of error control codes. eecs.uottawa.ca/∼yongacog/courses/coding/ (3) R.E. Blahut,Theory and Practice of Error Control Codes, Addison Wesley, 1983. QA 268. Cached. Download as a PDF 457, Theory and Practice of Error Control CodesBlahut 1984 (Show Context). Citation Context..ontinued fractions.

Theory and practice of error control codes

Maximum correntropy Kalman filter

Recently, visible light communication (VLC) technology has been gaining attention in both academia and industry This is driven by the progress of white light emitting diode (LED) technology for solid-state lighting (SSL) and the potential of simultaneously using such LEDs for illumination and indoor wireless data transmission This paper provides an overview about the technology and describes the physical layer implementation of a VLC system based on a modified version of the classical orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) modulation technique Besides, the paper presents a hardware prototype for short-range broadcasting using a white LED lamp The OFDM system runs on DSP development boards Off-the-shelf 9 LEDs and a single photodiode (PD) are utilized to build the analog frontends The prototype allows investigating the influence of the electrical signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), constellation order, and channel coding on the bit-error performance Theoretical and experimental results on optical path loss show close match In this context, the influence of the LED beam angle on the horizontal coverage is highlighted

Indoor broadcasting via white LEDs and OFDM

Balancing theoretical analysis and practical advice, this book describes all the underlying principles required to build high performance indoor optical wireless communication (OWC) systems based on visible and infrared light, alongside essential techniques for optimising systems by maximising throughput, reducing hardware complexity and measuring performance effectively. It provides a comprehensive analysis of information rate-, spectral- and power-efficiencies for single and multi-carrier transmission schemes, and a novel analysis of non-linear signal distortion, enabling the use of off-the-shelf LED technology. Other topics covered include cellular network throughput and coverage, static resource partitioning via dynamic interference-aware scheduling, realistic light propagation modelling, OFDM, optical MIMO transmission and nonlinearity modelling. Covering practical techniques for building indoor optical wireless cellular networks supporting multiple users and guidelines for 5G cellular system studies, in addition to physical layer issues, this is an indispensable resource for academic researchers, professional engineers and graduate students working in optical communications.

Principles of LED Light Communications: Towards Networked Li-Fi

One of the most promising techniques of network protection i.e. p-Cycles (pre-planned, preconfigured-cycles) is reviewed in this paper. In this paper we provide a survey of the main work on p-cycles to date. The characteristics of p-cycles and various types of protection provided by them are discussed. Finally, some possible extensions or enhancements of the p-cycle concept are discussed.

p-Cycles: An overview

Optical wireless communication offers a viable alternative to radio frequency (RF) communication for indoor use and other applications where high performance links are needed These systems use infrared technology (IR), which has significant advantages over RF This paper presents a review of the most significant issues related to infrared communication technology, which will enable the realization of future high performance and cost-effective indoor optical wireless systems Several possible configurations for indoor optical wireless systems, modulation and multi-access techniques are presented as well as their advantages and limitations discussed

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A Review of Indoor Optical Wireless Systems

Feedback fiber delay lines and AWG based optical packet switch architecture

This paper describes the fiber optic loop buffer-based switch in which contention is resolved in the time and wavelength domain. In the loop buffer, tunable wavelength converters (TWCs) are placed in place of semiconductor optical amplifiers (SOAs) as in conventional loop buffer-based architectures. The placement of TWCs inside the buffer facilitate simultaneous read/write operation and dynamic re-allocation of wavelengths and improves the switch performance significantly. It is a well known fact that the re-circulating type buffer structure suffers from circulation limit (maximum revolutions that data can take in the buffer) due to the loss and noise accumulation in the switch. This paper presents a mathematical model to obtain a maximum number of allowed circulations of the data in loop buffer-based switch architecture. This model is derived for various configurations (transparent, noisy, and regenerative) of TWC. The detrimental effect of crosstalk and four wave mixing are shown, and the affect of dispersion on the maximum allowed bit rate is discussed. The minimum length of the loop is also evaluated. Finally, the bounded region is shown (bit rate versus number of wavelengths graph) where memory can work efficiently.

Design Analysis of Optical Loop Memory

A key advantage of Mobile Adhoc Networks is the mobility offered to the users. But the mobility is unpredictable and may cause routes to break frequently. The frequent breaks in routes adversely affect Quality of Service requirement of applications in the mobile wireless networks and thus pose a challenge. In this paper, we have proposed a method for signal strength based link availability prediction to be used in AODV routing. The nodes estimate the link breakage time and further warns the other nodes about the link breaks in the route. Based on this information, either local route repair or new route discovery is initiated much earlier than the route breakage. This reduces the data packet losses as well as end-to-end delay. The proposed approach is compared with AODV without link prediction. The results show that there is significant reduction in packet drops and average end-to-end delay. There is also an improvement in data packet delivery ratio for AODV with link prediction. Proposed approach results in improvement in the Quality of Service.

Yatindra Nath Singh

Papers

p-Cycles: An overview

A Review of Indoor Optical Wireless Systems

Feedback fiber delay lines and AWG based optical packet switch architecture

Design Analysis of Optical Loop Memory

Improving Routing Performance in AODV with Link Prediction in Mobile Adhoc Networks