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Understanding By Design

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Curriculum Development Theory And Practice

Chemical insecticides have been commonly used to control agricultural pests, termites, and biological vectors such as mosquitoes and ticks. However, the harmful impacts of toxic chemical insecticides on the environment, the development of resistance in pests and vectors towards chemical insecticides, and public concern have driven extensive research for alternatives, especially biological control agents such as fungus and bacteria. In this review, the mode of infection of Metarhizium fungus on both terrestrial and aquatic insect larvae and how these interactions have been widely employed will be outlined. The potential uses of Metarhizium anisopliae and Metarhizium acridum biological control agents and molecular approaches to increase their virulence will be discussed.

https://www.mdpi.com/2309-608X/3/2/30/pdf

Mode of Infection of Metarhizium spp. Fungus and Their Potential as Biological Control Agents.

Cassava is a major staple, bio-energy and industrial crop in many parts of the developing world. In Southeast Asia, cassava is grown on >4 million ha by nearly 8 million (small-scale) farming households, under (climatic, biophysical) conditions that often prove unsuitable for many other crops. While SE Asian cassava has been virtually free of phytosanitary constraints for most of its history, a complex of invasive arthropod pests and plant diseases has recently come to affect local crops. We describe results from a region-wide monitoring effort in the 2014 dry season, covering 429 fields across five countries. We present geographic distribution and field-level incidence of the most prominent pest and disease invaders, introduce readily-available management options and research needs. Monitoring work reveals that several exotic mealybug and (red) mite species have effectively colonised SE Asia's main cassava-growing areas, occurring in respectively 70% and 54% of fields, at average field-level incidence of 27 ± 2% and 16 ± 2%. Cassava witches broom (CWB), a systemic phytoplasma disease, was reported from 64% of plots, at incidence levels of 32 ± 2%. Although all main pests and diseases are non-natives, we hypothesise that accelerating intensification of cropping systems, increased climate change and variability, and deficient crop husbandry are aggravating both organism activity and crop susceptibility. Future efforts need to consolidate local capacity to tackle current (and future) pest invaders, boost detection capacity, devise locally-appropriate integrated pest management (IPM) tactics, and transfer key concepts and technologies to SE Asia's cassava growers. Urgent action is needed to mobilise regional as well as international scientific support, to effectively tackle this phytosanitary emergency and thus safeguard the sustainability and profitability of one of Asia's key agricultural commodities. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry.

Emerging pests and diseases of South-east Asian cassava: a comprehensive evaluation of geographic priorities, management options and research needs.

This study reports the design results of developing model of social studies learning based on local wisdom. Learning design adapted to learning needs in elementary school. The presentation report contains the results of expert evaluation, teacher and student assessments and assessment of the results of the implementation of the product learning model developed. The Product model produced is seen to be in accordance with learning needs. The results of the development research showed that: first, testing the effectiveness model of social studies learning based on local wisdom is feasible from an expert perspective; second, testing the effectiveness model of social studies learning based on local wisdom is feasible from the user’s perspective; third, testing the effectiveness model of social studies learning based on local wisdom can improve the knowledge and social attitudes students class IV at SDN 6 Katobu and SDN 3 Batalaiworu in odd semester of the school year 2017/2018 in the Muna District Southeast Sulawesi Province. Overall, the author concluded that social studies learning based on local wisdom was a regeneration of knowledge of the values of local wisdom in students from an early age, so become cultured and have guidance in their attitude. Thus, created noble knowledge and character.

/pdf/development-of-social-studies-learning-model-based-on-local-46232gda3r.pdf

Development of Social Studies Learning Model Based on Local Wisdom in Improving Students’ Knowledge and Social Attitude

The low ability of students to solve problems is in line with the low mastery of science concepts. In this study, Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM) integrated Project Oriented Problem Based Learning (POPBL) learning models were implemented to improve the mastery of science concepts of junior high school students, especially on the topic of Environmental Pollution. The method used was a mixed-method. The STEM integrated STB learning model design framework consists of 3 stages: Onset Stage, Execution Stage, and Closure Stage. The concept of students is emphasized at the onset stage in the case study dissemination phase. In this phase, students analyze problems based on articles provided by the teacher. The more understanding the material, the more critical students will explore existing issues and find logical solutions to those problems. The results showed that there was a difference between the average pretest and posttest learning outcomes (t=-5,660; df = 53; Sig. (2-tailed) = 0,000). This indicates an increase in junior high school students' science concepts mastery after using the STEM integrated POPBL Learning Model. Improving students' mastery of concepts using a STEM integrated POPBL learning model is still in the low category with n-gain = 0.17. Although still in the low category, the POPBL learning model with the STEM approach can be optimized to improve students' mastery of concepts and skills on other science topics.

/pdf/implementation-of-project-oriented-problem-based-learning-kt5wszu9ty.pdf

Implementation of project oriented problem-based learning (popbl) model integrated with stem to enhance junior high school students' science concept mastery

Indonesian society is a pluralistic society with different cultures and local potencies that exist in each region. Some of local community still adherethe tradition from generation to generation in managing natural resources wisely. The application of the values of local wisdom is necessary to teach back to student to be more respect the culture and local potentials in the region. There are many ways developing student character by exploring local wisdom and implementing them as a learning resources. This study aims at revealing the values of local wisdom Ngata Toro indigenous people of Central Sulawesi Province in managing forest as a source of learning biology. This research was conducted by in-depth interviews, participant non-observation, documentation studies, and field notes. The data were analyzed with triangulation techniques by using a qualitative interaction analysis that is data collection, data reduction, and data display. Ngata Toro local community manage forest by dividing the forest into se...

Local wisdom of Ngata Toro community in utilizing forest resources as a learning source of biology

The importance of fungal attack to acarina has been observed but not yet on Tetranychus kanzawai . When infected mite, either within in a same  species or even in a different  species of  entomopathigenic probably  have  similar signs and simptoms to mites.  Characteristic of entomopathogenic fungus to Tetranychus kanza-wai was investigated. Three selected isolates of Metarhizium anisopliae , from Philippines and Indonesia were evaluated. The following aspects were investigated: (1) Bioassay tes of virulence, (2) Koch Postulate and (3) Infection process on each fungus against mite. Virulence of  Metarhizium anisopliae was 1.4 X 10 3 , 7.2 X 10 2 , 5 X 10 2  PIB per ml on Ma4, Ma5 and Ma6, respectively. On Koch Postulates, Reinoculation and reisolation of all seven isolates from infected T. kanzawai showed definite signs of infection. This demonstrated its entomopathogenic capacity. In this experiment, adult mites were sprayed with 10 8 per ml concentrations of conidia observed under light microscope and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). The result found  T. kanzawai was very susceptible to three isolates M . anisopliae . In the end of the trials, fungal growth was detectable as early as 2 until 4 days of observation. Infection process with microphoto-graph and Scanning Electro Microscopy showed attachment, germination and penetration, extrusion and conidiogenesis fungal form. Keywords: Infection, Tetranychus kanzawai , Metarhizium anisopliae , Light micros-copy, Scanning Electro Microscopy (SEM) Normal 0 false false false EN-US X-NONE X-NONE Normal 0 false false false EN-US X-NONE X-NONE

https://agrivita.ub.ac.id/index.php/agrivita/article/download/180/558

INFECTION PROCESS OF ENTOMOPATHOGENIC FUNGI Metarhizium anisopliae IN THE Tetranychus kanzawai (KISHIDA) (TETRANYCHIDAE: ACARINA)

Telah dilakukan penelitian mengenai isolasi, identifikasi dan karakterisasi jamur entomopatogen dari larva serangga Spodoptera litura yang terinfeksi di lapangan. Larva yang terinfeksi diisolasi dan diidentifikasi di laboratorium mikrobiologi jurusan pendidikan biologi Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia. Pengamtan secara morfologis baik secara makroskopis maupun secara mikroskopis dan uji patogenisitas dilakukan untuk mengidentifikasi dan mengetahui karakter yang dimiliki isolat jamur yang diperoleh. Dari lima isolat yang diperoleh, dua diantaranya berpotensi sebagai agen pengendali hayati terhadap S. litura yaitu isolat satu dan isolat lima, keduanya diketahui sebagai Mucor. Kata Kunci: Jamur entomopatogen, isolasi lima isolat

Isolasi, identifikasi, dan karakterisasi jamur entomopatogen dari larva spodoptera litura (fabricius)

Black Soldier Fly (BSF) become concern that it can solve environment problem. It can turn organic waste to biomass supporting the composition of its micro flora. The research aim to investigate agricultural waste in Lembang site west java.. Amount of bsf with 100 mg in weight was used in research in 200 g, 250 g and 300 g with two and three combination of waste product. The two combinations were bran + milk, bran + vegetable, fish + bran, afterward it was continuo with three combination that they were media of milk + vegetable+ bran and milk + vegetable + bran. All material were slice into small sizes, blend and measure. After pre pupae stage they were harvested. The result show at bsf treatment with two combination with fish waste + bran at 250 : 250 resulted the best bioconversion i.e 20 g compare to milk + bran (16 g) and waste vegetable (15 g) while with three combination of milk + vegetable waste + bran on 150+150+200 was the highest (26 g) compare to milk vegetable+ bran (24 g). This showed capability bsf to degrade material from organic material especially from protein.

https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1742-6596/1317/1/012094/pdf

Yayan Sanjaya

Papers

Implementation of project oriented problem-based learning (popbl) model integrated with stem to enhance junior high school students' science concept mastery

Local wisdom of Ngata Toro community in utilizing forest resources as a learning source of biology

INFECTION PROCESS OF ENTOMOPATHOGENIC FUNGI Metarhizium anisopliae IN THE Tetranychus kanzawai (KISHIDA) (TETRANYCHIDAE: ACARINA)

Isolasi, identifikasi, dan karakterisasi jamur entomopatogen dari larva spodoptera litura (fabricius)

The role of black soldier fly (BSF) hermetia illuncens as organic waste treatment