There is, I think, something ethereal about i —the square root of minus one. I remember first hearing about it at school. It seemed an odd beast at that time—an intruder hovering on the edge of reality.

Usually familiarity dulls this sense of the bizarre, but in the case of i it was the reverse: over the years the sense of its surreal nature intensified. It seemed that it was impossible to write mathematics that described the real world in …

I and i

다중혈관 관상동맥 환자에서 y-문합을 이용하여 양쪽 내흉동맥만을 사용한 우회술의 조기 성적

抗原变异可使得多种致病微生物易于逃避宿主免疫应答。表达在感染红细胞表面的恶性疟原虫红细胞表面蛋白1（PfPMP1）与感染红细胞、内皮细胞、树突状细胞以及胎盘的单个或多个受体作用，在黏附及免疫逃避中起关键的作用。每个单倍体基因组var基因家族编码约60种成员，通过启动转录不同的var基因变异体为抗原变异提供了分子基础。

疟原虫var基因转换速率变化导致抗原变异[英]／Paul H, Robert P, Christodoulou Z, et al//Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A

Following Sharpless' visionary characterization of several idealized reactions as click reactions, the materials science and synthetic chemistry communities have pursued numerous routes toward the identification and implementation of these click reactions. Herein, we review the radical-mediated thiol-ene reaction as one such click reaction. This reaction has all the desirable features of a click reaction, being highly efficient, simple to execute with no side products and proceeding rapidly to high yield. Further, the thiol-ene reaction is most frequently photoinitiated, particularly for photopolymerizations resulting in highly uniform polymer networks, promoting unique capabilities related to spatial and temporal control of the click reaction. The reaction mechanism and its implementation in various synthetic methodologies, biofunctionalization, surface and polymer modification, and polymerization are all reviewed.

Thiol–Ene Click Chemistry

What makes organizations so similar? We contend that the engine of rationalization and bureaucratization has moved from the competitive marketplace to the state and the professions. Once a set of organizations emerges as a field, a paradox arises: rational actors make their organizations increasingly similar as they try to change them. We describe three isomorphic processes-coercive, mimetic, and normative—leading to this outcome. We then specify hypotheses about the impact of resource centralization and dependency, goal ambiguity and technical uncertainty, and professionalization and structuration on isomorphic change. Finally, we suggest implications for theories of organizations and social change.

The iron cage revisited: Institutional isomorphism and collective rationality in organizational fields (Chinese Translation)

A liquid crystal device includes a pair of substrates with anchoring energy. A cell gap is formed between the pair of substrates. Polymer dispersed liquid crystals are arranged in the cell gap.

Liquid crystal device

— A reflective polarizer-free display using dye-doped polymer-stabilized blue-phase liquid crystal (DDPSBP-LC) has been demonstrated. The mechanism is a combination of electrically tunable light absorption and Bragg reflection. In this paper, the influence of light absorption in DDPSBP-LC by changing the dye concentration and absorption paths has been studied. Increased dye concentration can improve the contrast ratio of DDPSBP-LC; however, the response time is the tradeoff. Increasing the cell gap can improve the contrast ratio of DDPSBP-LC; however, the response time remains the same. The study of DDPSBP-LC can help in shutter-glass applications of 3-D displays and electronic paper.

A reflective polarizer-free display using dye-doped polymer-stabilized blue-phase liquid crystals

A biosensor for high-density lipoprotein (HDL) of human serum based on the droplet manipulation on a liquid crystal and polymer composite film (LCPCF) is demonstrated. The sensing mechansim is based on the balance of surface free energy between HDL and anisotropic LC molecules resulting from the polar-polar interaction between HDL and anisotropic LC molecules. Two kinds of samples are used to validate the biosensor we designed. In the experiments, the HDL samples and the human serum samples with controlled parameters show the collapse distance of the drops is related to the HDL concentration. The proposed method is not only useful to sense HDL, but also can apply to other biosamples as long as the bisamples exhibit the polarity and the polarity increases with the concentration without changing the surface tensions.This study opens a window to develop a portable devices sense HDL using droplet manipulation on an electrically switchable surface.

https://www.longdom.org/open-access/a-biosensor-of-highdensity-lipoprotein-in-human-serum-based-on-droplet-manipulation-on-a-liquid-crystal-and-polymer-comp.pdf

A Biosensor of High-density Lipoprotein in Human Serum Based on Droplet Manipulation on a Liquid Crystal and Polymer Composite Film

A flexible and reflective polarizer-free display using dye-doped liquid crystal (LC) gels is demonstrated.
The electro-optical performances of both scattering and absorption based dye-doped LC gels depend on
curing temperatures. The dye-doped LC gel shows good reflectance ~55%, good contrast ratio~450:1 and
fast response~6.5ms at curing temperature 10 °C when UV curing intensity is 2.6 mW/cm2. The EO
performance depends on the curing temperature. The hysteresis is independent of sampling time duration.
The bending curvature is 21 mm. The response of dye-doped LC gels is faster under bending due to the
bending-induced sheared force of polymer networks. The dye-doped LC gels open a new window for trimable
electronic papers, decorative displays and switchable curtains.

https://ir.nctu.edu.tw:443/bitstream/11536/15196/1/000254507800006.pdf

Flexible and reflective polarizer-free liquid crystal displays using dye-doped liquid crystal gels

In this paper, an electrically tunable-focusing and polarizer-free liquid crystal (LC) lens for ophthalmic lenses is demonstrated. The optical operating principles of the LC lens in a human eye system are introduced and the optical principle of the polarization independent of the double-layered LC lens is investigated. The polarization dependency, image quality and the response time of the double-layered LC lens are measured. The continuously tunable-focusing properties of the LC lenses are more practical in applications for different visional conditions of people. The concept in this paper can also be extensively applied to imaging systems, and projection systems, such as cameras in cell phones, pico projectors, and endoscopes.

https://ir.nctu.edu.tw:443/bitstream/11536/25239/1/000342559300013.pdf

Yi-Hsin Lin

Papers

Liquid crystal device

A reflective polarizer-free display using dye-doped polymer-stabilized blue-phase liquid crystals

A Biosensor of High-density Lipoprotein in Human Serum Based on Droplet Manipulation on a Liquid Crystal and Polymer Composite Film

Flexible and reflective polarizer-free liquid crystal displays using dye-doped liquid crystal gels

Electrically Tunable Ophthalmic Lenses for Myopia and Presbyopia Using Liquid Crystals