https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2019/NP/C8NP00092A

Marine natural products.

Fungi are an understudied, biotechnologically valuable group of organisms. Due to 
the immense range of habitats that fungi inhabit, and the consequent need to compete against a diverse array of other fungi, bacteria, and animals, fungi have developed numerous survival mechanisms. The unique attributes of fungi thus herald great promise for their application in biotechnology and industry. Moreover, fungi can be grown with relative ease, making production at scale viable. The search for fungal biodiversity, and the construction of a living fungi collection, both have incredible economic potential in locating organisms with novel industrial uses that will lead to novel products. This manuscript reviews fifty ways in which fungi can potentially be utilized as biotechnology. We provide notes and examples for each potential exploitation and give examples from our own work and the work of other notable researchers. We also provide a flow chart that can be used to convince funding bodies of the importance of fungi for biotechnological research and as potential products. Fungi have provided the world with penicillin, lovastatin, and other globally significant medicines, and they remain an untapped resource with enormous industrial potential.

The amazing potential of fungi: 50 ways we can exploit fungi industrially

A systematic analysis of all naturally-occurring glycosylated bacterial secondary metabolites reported in the scientific literature up through early 2013 is presented. This comprehensive analysis of 15 940 bacterial natural products revealed 3426 glycosides containing 344 distinct appended carbohydrates and highlights a range of unique opportunities for future biosynthetic study and glycodiversification efforts.

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A comprehensive review of glycosylated bacterial natural products.

Taxonomy of Aspergillus section Flavi and their production of aflatoxins, ochratoxins and other mycotoxins

Classification of Aspergillus, Penicillium, Talaromyces and related genera (Eurotiales): An overview of families, genera, subgenera, sections, series and species

An aciduric fungal strain, Penicillium camemberti OUCMDZ-1492, was isolated from an acidic marine niche, mangrove soil and mud, around the roots of Rhizophora apiculata. Six new indole-diterpenoids (1-6), along with five known analogues, emindole SB (7), 21-isopentenylpaxilline (8), paspaline (9), paxilline (10), and dehydroxypaxilline (11), were isolated from the fermentation broth of P. camemberti OUCMDZ-1492 grown at pH 5.0. On the basis of spectroscopic analyses, CD spectra, quantum ECD calculations, and chemical methods, new structures 1-6 were established as 3-deoxo-4b-deoxypaxilline, 4a-demethylpaspaline-4a-carboxylic acid, 4a-demethylpaspaline-3,4,4a-triol, 2'-hydroxypaxilline, 9,10-diisopentenylpaxilline, and (6S,7R,10E,14E)-16-(1H-indol-3-yl)-2,6,10,14-tetramethylhexadeca-2,10,14-triene-6,7-diol, respectively. Compounds 1-3 and 5-10 exhibited significant activity against the H1N1 virus with IC50 values of 28.3, 38.9, 32.2, 73.3, 34.1, 26.2, 6.6, 77.9, and 17.7 μM, respectively. The results showed that 3-oxo, 4b-hydroxy, and 9-isopentenyl substitutions tend to increase the anti-H1N1 activity of hexacyclic indole-diterpenoids.

Indole-Diterpenoids with Anti-H1N1 Activity from the Aciduric Fungus Penicillium camemberti OUCMDZ-1492

Streptocarbazoles A and B, two novel indolocarbazoles from the marine-derived actinomycete strain Streptomyces sp. FMA.

New phenyl derivatives from endophytic fungus Aspergillus flavipes AIL8 derived of mangrove plant Acanthus ilicifolius

Three new thiodiketopiperazines, named phomazines A-C (1-3), along with 10 known analogues (4-13), were isolated from the fermentation broth of an endophytic fungus, Phoma sp. OUCMDZ-1847, associated with the mangrove plant Kandelia candel. The structures including the absolute configurations of the new compounds were unambiguously elucidated by spectroscopic, X-ray crystallographic, and Mosher's methods along with quantum ECD and (13)C NMR calculations. Compounds 2, 4, 5, 11, and 12 showed cytotoxicities against the HL-60, HCT-116, K562, MGC-803, and A549 cell lines with IC50 values in the range 0.05 to 8.5 μM.

Thiodiketopiperazines from the marine-derived fungus Phoma sp. OUCMDZ-1847.

A new alkaloid, 2-(furan-2-yl)-6-(2S,3S,4-trihydroxybutyl)pyrazine (1), along with 12 known compounds, 2-(furan-2-yl)-5-(2S,3S,4-trihydroxybutyl)pyrazine (2), (S)-4-isobutyl-3-oxo-3,4-dihydro-1H-pyrrolo[2,1-c][1,4]oxazine-6-carbaldehyde (3), (S)-4-isopropyl-3-oxo-3,4-dihydro-1H-pyrrolo[2,1-c][1,4]oxazine-6-carbaldehyde (4), (4S)-4-(2-methylbutyl)-3-oxo-3,4-dihydro-1H-pyrrolo[2,1-c][1,4]oxazine-6-carbaldehyde (5), (S)-4-benzyl-3-oxo-3,4-dihydro-1H-pyrrolo[2,1-c][1,4]oxazine-6-carbaldehyde (6), flazin (7), perlolyrine (8), 1-hydroxy-β-carboline (9), lumichrome (10), 1H-indole-3-carboxaldehyde (11), 2-hydroxy-1-(1H-indol-3-yl)ethanone (12), and 5-(methoxymethyl)-1H-pyrrole-2-carbaldehyde (13), were isolated and identified from the fermentation broth of an endophytic actinomycetes, Jishengella endophytica 161111 The new structure 1 and the absolute configurations of 2-6 were determined by spectroscopic methods, J-based configuration analysis (JBCA) method, lactone sector rule, and electronic circular dichroism (ECD) calculations Compounds 8-11 were active against the influenza A virus subtype H1N1 with IC50 and selectivity index (SI) values of 383(±12)/250(±36)/397(±56)/459(±21) μg/mL and 30/161/31/114, respectively The IC50 and SI values of positive control, ribavirin, were 231(±17) μg/mL and 322, respectively The results showed that compound 9 could be a promising new hit for anti-H1N1 drugs The absolute configurations of 2-5, 13C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) data and the specific rotations of 3-6 were also reported here for the first time

/pdf/alkaloids-from-the-mangrove-derived-actinomycete-jishengella-596owo1bfz.pdf

Yi Wang

Papers

Indole-Diterpenoids with Anti-H1N1 Activity from the Aciduric Fungus Penicillium camemberti OUCMDZ-1492

Streptocarbazoles A and B, two novel indolocarbazoles from the marine-derived actinomycete strain Streptomyces sp. FMA.

New phenyl derivatives from endophytic fungus Aspergillus flavipes AIL8 derived of mangrove plant Acanthus ilicifolius

Thiodiketopiperazines from the marine-derived fungus Phoma sp. OUCMDZ-1847.

Alkaloids from the mangrove-derived actinomycete Jishengella endophytica 161111.