THE DESIGN AND ANALYSIS OF EXPERIMENTS. By Oscar Kempthorne. New York, John Wiley and Sons, Inc., 1952. 631 pp. $8.50. This book by a teacher of statistics (as well as a consultant for \"experimenters\") is a comprehensive study of the philosophical background for the statistical design of experiment. It is necessary to have some facility with algebraic notation and manipulation to be able to use the volume intelligently. The problems are presented from the theoretical point of view, without such practical examples as would be helpful for those not acquainted with mathematics. The mathematical justification for the techniques is given. As a somewhat advanced treatment of the design and analysis of experiments, this volume will be interesting and helpful for many who approach statistics theoretically as well as practically. With emphasis on the \"why,\" and with description given broadly, the author relates the subject matter to the general theory of statistics and to the general problem of experimental inference. MARGARET J. ROBERTSON

The Design and Analysis of Experiments

Using nonlocal empirical pseudopotentials, we compute the band structure and shear deformation potentials of strained Si, Ge, and SiGe alloys. Fitting the theoretical results to experimental data on the phonon‐limited carrier mobilities in bulk Si and Ge, the dilatation deformation potential Ξd is found to be 1.1 eV for the Si Δ minima, −4.4 eV for the Ge L minima, corresponding to a value for the valence band dilatation deformation potential a of approximately 2 eV for both Si and Ge. The optical deformation potential d0 is found to be 41.45 and 41.75 eV for Si and Ge, respectively. Carrier mobilities in strained Si and Ge are then evaluated. The results show a large enhancement of the hole mobility for both tensile and compressive strain along the [001] direction, but only a modest enhancement (approximately 60%) of the electron mobility for tensile biaxial strain in Si. Finally, from a fit to carrier mobilities in relaxed SiGe alloys, the effective alloy scattering potential is determined to be about 0...

Band structure, deformation potentials, and carrier mobility in strained Si, Ge, and SiGe alloys

Global warming increases the occurrence probability of hot extremes, and improving the predictability of such events is thus becoming of critical importance. Hot extremes have been shown to be induced by surface moisture deficits in some regions. In this study, we assess whether such a relationship holds at the global scale. We find that wide areas of the world display a strong relationship between the number of hot days in the regions’ hottest month and preceding precipitation deficits. The occurrence probability of an above-average number of hot days is over 70% after precipitation deficits in most parts of South America as well as the Iberian Peninsula and Eastern Australia, and over 60% in most of North America and Eastern Europe, while it is below 30–40% after wet conditions in these regions. Using quantile regression analyses, we show that the impact of precipitation deficits on the number of hot days is asymmetric, i.e. extreme high numbers of hot days are most strongly influenced. This relationship also applies to the 2011 extreme event in Texas. These findings suggest that effects of soil moisture-temperature coupling are geographically more widespread than commonly assumed.

Hot days induced by precipitation deficits at the global scale

Three pillars of sustainability in the wake of COVID-19: A systematic review and future research agenda for sustainable development

Urban water resource management for sustainable environment planning using artificial intelligence techniques

Urban drought challenge to 2030 sustainable development goals

One of the ubiquitous human behaviours observed in natural disasters and humanitarian crisis is irrational stockpiling (also known as hoarding or panic buying). Limited, distorted and exaggerated information during crisis disturbs people's judgement and results in aberrant actions which can be explained with economics and psychology theories. The objective of this paper is to examine the perplexing stockpiling phenomena during disasters like COVID-19 pandemic and discuss its immediate and long-term impact on economy, society and local communities.

A discussion of irrational stockpiling behaviour during crisis

The 3D Tiles specification, created by Cesium, is designed for streaming massive heterogeneous three-dimensional (3D) geospatial datasets online using WebGL technology. The program has prevailed in the WebGIS community due to its ability to visualise, interact, and style 3D objects for various scenarios, such as 3D cities, indoor environments, and point clouds. It offers a new opportunity to integrate Building Information Models (BIM) in the Industry Foundation Classes (IFC) data format with existing geospatial data in a 3D WebGIS platform with open-source implementation. As no open-source solution for converting IFC models into 3D Tiles for online visualization had yet been found, this paper explores feasible approaches and integrates a range of tools and libraries as an open-source solution for the community.

https://www.mdpi.com/2220-9964/7/10/393/pdf

From IFC to 3D Tiles: An Integrated Open-Source Solution for Visualising BIMs on Cesium

The operational data of advanced process systems have met with explosive growth, but its fluctuations are so slight that the number of the extracted representative samples is quite limited, making it difficult to reflect the nature of the process and to establish prediction models. In this study, inspired by the process of fisherman repairing nets, a Kriging-based virtual sample generation (VSG) named Kriging-VSG is proposed to generate feasible virtual samples in data sparse regions. Then, the accuracy of prediction models is further enhanced by applying the generated virtual samples. In order to reasonably find data sparse regions, a distance-based criterion is imposed on each dimension to identify important samples with large information gaps. Similar to the process of fisherman repairing nets, a certain dimension is initially fixed at different quantiles. A dimension-wise interpolation process using Kriging is then performed on the center between important samples with large information gaps. To validate the performance of the proposed Kriging-VSG, two numerical simulations and a real-world application from a cascade reaction process for high-density polyethylene are carried out. The results indicate that the proposed Kriging-VSG outperforms other methods.

Yiqun Chen

Papers

Urban drought challenge to 2030 sustainable development goals

A discussion of irrational stockpiling behaviour during crisis

From IFC to 3D Tiles: An Integrated Open-Source Solution for Visualising BIMs on Cesium

Dealing with small sample size problems in process industry using virtual sample generation: a Kriging-based approach

An ontology-based spatial data harmonisation for urban analytics