There is intense interest in graphene in fields such as physics, chemistry, and materials science, among others. Interest in graphene's exceptional physical properties, chemical tunability, and potential for applications has generated thousands of publications and an accelerating pace of research, making review of such research timely. Here is an overview of the synthesis, properties, and applications of graphene and related materials (primarily, graphite oxide and its colloidal suspensions and materials made from them), from a materials science perspective.

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Graphene and Graphene Oxide: Synthesis, Properties, and Applications

[Liu, Chang; Li, Feng; Ma, Lai-Peng; Cheng, Hui-Ming] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Met Res, Shenyang Natl Lab Mat Sci, Shenyang 110016, Peoples R China.;Cheng, HM (reprint author), Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Met Res, Shenyang Natl Lab Mat Sci, 72 Wenhua Rd, Shenyang 110016, Peoples R China;cheng@imr.ac.cn

Advanced Materials for Energy Storage

Since the discovery of mechanically exfoliated graphene in 2004, research on ultrathin two-dimensional (2D) nanomaterials has grown exponentially in the fields of condensed matter physics, material science, chemistry, and nanotechnology. Highlighting their compelling physical, chemical, electronic, and optical properties, as well as their various potential applications, in this Review, we summarize the state-of-art progress on the ultrathin 2D nanomaterials with a particular emphasis on their recent advances. First, we introduce the unique advances on ultrathin 2D nanomaterials, followed by the description of their composition and crystal structures. The assortments of their synthetic methods are then summarized, including insights on their advantages and limitations, alongside some recommendations on suitable characterization techniques. We also discuss in detail the utilization of these ultrathin 2D nanomaterials for wide ranges of potential applications among the electronics/optoelectronics, electrocat...

Recent Advances in Ultrathin Two-Dimensional Nanomaterials

Approaches, Derivatives and Applications Vasilios Georgakilas,† Michal Otyepka,‡ Athanasios B. Bourlinos,‡ Vimlesh Chandra, Namdong Kim, K. Christian Kemp, Pavel Hobza,‡,§,⊥ Radek Zboril,*,‡ and Kwang S. Kim* †Institute of Materials Science, NCSR “Demokritos”, Ag. Paraskevi Attikis, 15310 Athens, Greece ‡Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Palacky University Olomouc, 17. listopadu 12, 771 46 Olomouc, Czech Republic Center for Superfunctional Materials, Department of Chemistry, Pohang University of Science and Technology, San 31, Hyojadong, Namgu, Pohang 790-784, Korea Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, v.v.i., Flemingovo naḿ. 2, 166 10 Prague 6, Czech Republic

Functionalization of Graphene: Covalent and Non-Covalent Approaches, Derivatives and Applications

Graphene based materials: Past, present and future

Template‐Free Synthesis of SnO2 Hollow Nanostructures with High Lithium Storage Capacity

Graphene has aroused intensive interest because of its unique structure, superior properties, and various promising applications. Graphene nanostructures with significant disorder and defects have been considered to be poor materials because disorder and defects lower their electrical conductivity. In this paper, we report that highly disordered graphene nanosheets can find promising applications in high-capacity Li ion batteries because of their exceptionally high reversible capacities (794−1054 mA h/g) and good cyclic stability. To understand the Li storage mechanism of graphene nanosheets, we have prepared graphene nanosheets with structural parameters tunable via different reduction methods including hydrazine reduction, low-temperature pyrolysis, and electron beam irradiation. The effects of these parameters on Li storage properties were investigated systematically. A key structural parameter, Raman intensity ratio of D bands to G bands, has been identified to evaluate the reversible capacity. The gr...

Li Storage Properties of Disordered Graphene Nanosheets

Highly Reversible Lithium Storage in Porous SnO2 Nanotubes with Coaxially Grown Carbon Nanotube Overlayers

In this work we demonstrated that uniform polycrystalline SnO2 nanotubes, in either array or free-standing form, can be fabricated by an infiltration technique using SnO2 nanoparticles as starting building units. With this method, the diameter, length, thickness, and texture of the nanotubes can be further controlled. The tubular SnO2 shows a significant improvement of electrochemical performance over the unorganized nanoparticles. The specific capacity of the Sn-based nanotube electrode was 525 mAh/g after 80 cycles. In principle, the tubular structure of active component can also be extended to other metal oxides and Li−metal alloy systems. In view of their unique features, the prepared SnO2 nanotubes may also find interesting applications in other fields such as gas sensing.

Polycrystalline SnO2 Nanotubes Prepared via Infiltration Casting of Nanocrystallites and Their Electrochemical Application

Conjugated polymeric molecules have been heralded as promising electrode materials for the next-generation energy-storage technologies owing to their chemical flexibility at the molecular level, environmental benefit, and cost advantage. However, before any practical implementation takes place, the low capacity, poor structural stability, and sluggish ion/electron diffusion kinetics remain the obstacles that have to be overcome. Here, we report the synthesis of a few-layered two-dimensional covalent organic framework trapped by carbon nanotubes as the anode of lithium-ion batteries. Remarkably, upon activation, this organic electrode delivers a large reversible capacity of 1536 mAh g−1 and can sustain 500 cycles at 100 mA g−1. Aided by theoretical calculations and electrochemical probing of the electrochemical behavior at different stages of cycling, the storage mechanism is revealed to be governed by 14-electron redox chemistry for a covalent organic framework monomer with one lithium ion per C=N group and six lithium ions per benzene ring. This work may pave the way to the development of high-capacity electrodes for organic rechargeable batteries. Conjugated polymeric molecules are promising electrode materials for batteries. Here the authors show a two-dimensional few-layered covalent organic framework that delivers a large reversible capacity of more than 1500 mAh g−1 with the storage mechanism governed by 14-electron redox chemistry.

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Yong Wang

Papers

Template‐Free Synthesis of SnO2 Hollow Nanostructures with High Lithium Storage Capacity

Li Storage Properties of Disordered Graphene Nanosheets

Highly Reversible Lithium Storage in Porous SnO2 Nanotubes with Coaxially Grown Carbon Nanotube Overlayers

Polycrystalline SnO2 Nanotubes Prepared via Infiltration Casting of Nanocrystallites and Their Electrochemical Application

Boosting lithium storage in covalent organic framework via activation of 14-electron redox chemistry.