Yoshinori Ito

TL;DR: Age at onset of disease and liver dysfunction were risk factors for mortality, whereas patients who received transplantation had a better prognosis, and insight into the diagnostic and therapeutic approaches for distinct disease is provided.

TL;DR: The infrequent detection of the viral genome in the CSF and blood showed that direct invasion of the virus into the central nervous system was an uncommon event.

TL;DR: The EBV real‐time PCR assay system must be standardised for large‐scale studies and international comparisons because each laboratory currently measures EBV load with its own “homebrew” system and there is no consensus on sample type, sample preparation protocol, or assay units.

TL;DR: Investigation of the transcription of cytokine genes in peripheral blood leukocytes revealed that transcription of the interleukin (IL)-6, IL-10, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha genes was up-regulated to a greater extent in patients with encephalopathy than in those without neurologic complications, suggesting that influenza-associatedEncephalopathy might be a consequence of systemic immune responses.

TL;DR: Exacerbation of HSE in children may be more common than previously recognized and it is suggested that the replication of HSV or another viral pathogen caused a second encephalitic illness in some cases.