According to W. Edwards Deming, American companies require nothing less than a transformation of management style and of governmental relations with industry. In Out of the Crisis, originally published in 1982, Deming offers a theory of management based on his famous 14 Points for Management. Management's failure to plan for the future, he claims, brings about loss of market, which brings about loss of jobs. Management must be judged not only by the quarterly dividend, but by innovative plans to stay in business, protect investment, ensure future dividends, and provide more jobs through improved product and service. In simple, direct language, he explains the principles of management transformation and how to apply them.

Out of the Crisis

Economic Control of Quality of Manufactured Product.

Strategy and Structure

Radiometals possess an exceptional breadth of decay properties and have been applied to medicine with great success for several decades. The majority of current clinical use involves diagnostic procedures, which use either positron-emission tomography (PET) or single-photon imaging to detect anatomic abnormalities that are difficult to visualize using conventional imaging techniques (e.g., MRI and X-ray). The potential of therapeutic radiometals has more recently been realized and relies on ionizing radiation to induce irreversible DNA damage, resulting in cell death. In both cases, radiopharmaceutical development has been largely geared toward the field of oncology; thus, selective tumor targeting is often essential for efficacious drug use. To this end, the rational design of four-component radiopharmaceuticals has become popularized. This Review introduces fundamental concepts of drug design and applications, with particular emphasis on bifunctional chelators (BFCs), which ensure secure consolidation of the radiometal and targeting vector and are integral for optimal drug performance. Also presented are detailed accounts of production, chelation chemistry, and biological use of selected main group and rare earth radiometals.

Radioactive Main Group and Rare Earth Metals for Imaging and Therapy

ASDEX Upgrade has recently finished its transition towards an all-W divertor tokamak, by the exchange of the last remaining graphite tiles to W-coated ones. The plasma start-up was performed without prior boronization. It was found that the large He content in the plasma, resulting from DC glow discharges for conditioning, leads to a confinement reduction. After the change to D glow for inter-shot conditioning, the He content quickly dropped and, in parallel, the usual H-Mode confinement with H factors close to one was achieved. After the initial conditioning phase, oxygen concentrations similar to that in previous campaigns with boronizations could be achieved. Despite the removal of all macroscopic carbon sources, no strong change in C influxes and C content could be observed so far. The W concentrations are similar to the ones measured previously in discharges with old boronization and only partial coverage of the surfaces with W. Concomitantly it is found that although the W erosion flux in the divertor is larger than the W sources in the main chamber in most of the scenarios, it plays only a minor role for the W content in the main plasma. For large antenna distances and strong gas puffing, ICRH power coupling could be optimized to reduce the W influxes. This allowed a similar increase of stored energy as yielded with comparable beam power. However, a strong increase of radiated power and a loss of H-Mode was observed for conditions with high temperature edge plasma close to the antennas. The use of ECRH allowed keeping the central peaking of the W concentration low and even phases of improved H-modes have already been achieved.

Plasma wall interaction and its implication in an all tungsten divertor tokamak. Invited Paper

Metacognition-based process improvement practices

The QM evolution: Behavioral quality management as a firm’s strategic resource

We measured the production cross-sections of the (107,111m,115g)Cd, (108m,108g,109g,110m,110,111g,1 13m,114m,115m,116m)In and (104g,105g,106m,110m,111g,113g)Ag radionuclides for proton-induced reactions on cadmium by using a stacked-foil activation technique in the energy rangy between 3 and 40 MeV at the MC-50 cyclotron of the Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Science. The measured cross-sections were compared with the available literature data and the theoretical calculations by the model codes TALYS and ALICE-IPPE. The integral yields for thick targets were also obtained from the measured cross-sections of the produced radionuclides. The measured cross-sections, especially the indium (In) radionuclides have a significance for various practical applications: thin layer activation analysis, nuclear medicine, nuclear technology, radioactive waste handling, etc. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Production cross-sections for the residual radionuclides from the natCd(p, x) nuclear processes

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to verify the universal applicability of total quality management (TQM) across national boundaries. Specifically, the authors examined the validity of the isomorphic nature of TQM leadership style by comparing survey samples from both USA-based firms (n=112) and China-based firms (n=121). Design/methodology/approach – The authors collected the primary data through a survey research method. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and structural equation modeling (SEM) were adopted to test the hypothesized research model. Findings – The study results did not support the universality of TQM practices. For example, the results reveal that in the USA-based firms, transformational leadership has a more significant positive influence on TQM practices, while in the China-based firms, transactional leadership has a more significant positive impact on TQM practices. Originality/value – Most of the existing literature on TQM assumed that the most effective TQM leadership style would...

The verification of effective leadership style for TQM: A comparative study between USA-based firms and China-based firms

INTRODUCTION In the context of entrepreneurial research, "cognition is defined as the knowledge structure that people use to make assessments and decisions involving opportunity evaluation, venture creation, or growth (Mitchell et al., 2002a, b)" (Haynie, Shepherd, Mosakowski, & Earley, 2010: 220). On the other hand, "metacognition" can be defined as the awareness and understanding of one's own cognitive processes; in other words, it can be shown as a higherorder process that reflects one's awareness and control over the knowledge structure people use in making an assessment or a decision (Haynie, 2005; Haynie & Shepherd, 2009). In particular, within the context of entrepreneurship, Haynie et al. (2010) argued that "metacognitive knowledge" can be considered as "a resource that is informed based on what the entrepreneur understands to be true about people, tasks, and strategy, and can be brought to bear upon the task of formulating a metacognitive strategy to realize a desired outcome from the entrepreneurial task at hand" (Haynie et al.: 222). Furthermore, through their conceptual study, Haynie et al. (2010) demonstrated that "foundations of an entrepreneurial mindset are metacognitive in nature" (Haynie et al.: 217). Based on these arguments, it is, thus, rationally assumed that entrepreneurs having a strong metacognitive ability might be better positioned to successfully carry out their entrepreneurial tasks. However, the existing literature does not suggest enough guidance to understand how entrepreneurial metacognition affects entrepreneurial tasks, in particular, entrepreneurial orientation (EO) and their business performance. These relationships have not been yet examined empirically and statistically. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to verify the conceptually developed relationship between metacognitive ability of entrepreneurs and their task performance through empirical test methods such as confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and structural equation modeling (SEM). Specifically, this study intends to evaluate the following research questions: (1) How does an entrepreneur's metacognition influence entrepreneurial orientation (EO)? (2) How does an entrepreneur's metacognition influence firm performance? (3) How does EO influence the relationship between metacognition and firm performance? THEORETICAL BACKGROUND AND HYPOTHESIS DEVELOPMENT Entrepreneurial Orientation Entrepreneurial orientation (EO) can be defined as the practices, processes, and decisionmaking activities that lead to new entry (Lumpkin & Dess, 1996). EO differs from entrepreneurship in that it is essentially the entrepreneurial process, that is, how entrepreneurship is undertaken--the methods, practices, and decision-making styles used to act entrepreneurially (Sang & Suzanne, 2000). In terms of EO dimensions, Miller (1983) suggested three dimensions--risk-taking, proactiveness, and innovativeness--in order to characterize entrepreneurship. Later, Lumpkin & Dess (1996) identified two more dimensions of EO--competitive aggressiveness and autonomy. Among the dimensions of EO, autonomy refers to the independent action of an individual or a team in bringing forth an idea or a vision and carrying it through to completion (Lumpkin & Dess, 1996). It means the ability and will to be self-directed in the pursuit of opportunities (Lumpkin & Dess, 1996: 140). Competitive aggressiveness represents the intensity of a firm's efforts to outperform industry competitors and is characterized by a strong offensive posture directed at overcoming rivals (Lumpkin & Dess, 2001). This is an important element of EO since new ventures are much more likely to fail than established businesses and an aggressive stance is critical to the success and survival of a new start-up (Lee & Peterson, 2000). Proactiveness is defined as "seeking new opportunities which may or may not be related to the present line of operations, introduction of new products and brands ahead of competition, strategically eliminating operations which are in the mature or declining stages of life cycle" (Venkatraman, 1989a: 949). …

Young Sik Cho

Papers

Metacognition-based process improvement practices

The QM evolution: Behavioral quality management as a firm’s strategic resource

Production cross-sections for the residual radionuclides from the natCd(p, x) nuclear processes

The verification of effective leadership style for TQM: A comparative study between USA-based firms and China-based firms

The Relationship between Metacognition, Entrepreneurial Orientation, and Firm Performance: An Empirical Investigation