Statistics for Spatial Data.

It is shown that, particularly for terrestrial cellular telephony, the interference-suppression feature of CDMA (code division multiple access) can result in a many-fold increase in capacity over analog and even over competing digital techniques. A single-cell system, such as a hubbed satellite network, is addressed, and the basic expression for capacity is developed. The corresponding expressions for a multiple-cell system are derived. and the distribution on the number of users supportable per cell is determined. It is concluded that properly augmented and power-controlled multiple-cell CDMA promises a quantum increase in current cellular capacity. >

On the capacity of a cellular CDMA system

Multi-access edge computing (MEC) is an emerging ecosystem, which aims at converging telecommunication and IT services, providing a cloud computing platform at the edge of the radio access network MEC offers storage and computational resources at the edge, reducing latency for mobile end users and utilizing more efficiently the mobile backhaul and core networks This paper introduces a survey on MEC and focuses on the fundamental key enabling technologies It elaborates MEC orchestration considering both individual services and a network of MEC platforms supporting mobility, bringing light into the different orchestration deployment options In addition, this paper analyzes the MEC reference architecture and main deployment scenarios, which offer multi-tenancy support for application developers, content providers, and third parties Finally, this paper overviews the current standardization activities and elaborates further on open research challenges

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On Multi-Access Edge Computing: A Survey of the Emerging 5G Network Edge Cloud Architecture and Orchestration

我的台灣, 看見心靈的故鄉 =2009林磐聳藝術與設計展

Recently, ambient backscatter communication has been introduced as a cutting-edge technology which enables smart devices to communicate by utilizing ambient radio frequency (RF) signals without requiring active RF transmission. This technology is especially effective in addressing communication and energy efficiency problems for low-power communications systems such as sensor networks, and thus it is expected to realize numerous Internet-of-Things applications. Therefore, this paper aims to provide a contemporary and comprehensive literature review on fundamentals, applications, challenges, and research efforts/progress of ambient backscatter communications. In particular, we first present fundamentals of backscatter communications and briefly review bistatic backscatter communications systems. Then, the general architecture, advantages, and solutions to address existing issues and limitations of ambient backscatter communications systems are discussed. Additionally, emerging applications of ambient backscatter communications are highlighted. Finally, we outline some open issues and future research directions.

/pdf/ambient-backscatter-communications-a-contemporary-survey-1cou45ahm8.pdf

Ambient Backscatter Communications: A Contemporary Survey

Software-defined networking (SDN) features the decoupling of the control plane and data plane, a programmable network and virtualization, which enables network infrastructure sharing and the "softwarization" of the network functions. Recently, many research works have tried to redesign the traditional mobile network using two of these concepts in order to deal with the challenges faced by mobile operators, such as the rapid growth of mobile traffic and new services. In this paper, we first provide an overview of SDN, network virtualization, and network function virtualization, and then describe the current LTE mobile network architecture as well as its challenges and issues. By analyzing and categorizing a wide range of the latest research works on SDN and virtualization in LTE mobile networks, we present a general architecture for SDN and virtualization in mobile networks (called SDVMN) and then propose a hierarchical taxonomy based on the different levels of the carrier network. We also present an in-depth analysis about changes related to protocol operation and architecture when adopting SDN and virtualization in mobile networks. In addition, we list specific use cases and applications that benefit from SDVMN. Last but not least, we discuss the open issues and future research directions of SDVMN.

/pdf/sdn-and-virtualization-based-lte-mobile-network-3wo0c9ct2m.pdf

SDN and Virtualization-Based LTE Mobile Network Architectures: A Comprehensive Survey

In this article, we introduce the application field, challenges, and concept of information-centric networking (ICN) approach as a fundamental driver for wireless sensor and actor networks (WSANs). The similar concepts of Internet-based ICN are explored in WSAN, but we introduce a new scheme and purpose which are totally different from Internet-ICN. The exploration introduces new capabilities of the ICN approach for WSANs: efficient coordination, interoperability, service discovery, and prioritized routing. This exploration establishes a potential foundation to improve performance of WSANs while opening new avenues for future research in the information-centric Internet of Things.

Potential of information-centric wireless sensor and actor networking

This paper presents a location-based interactive model of Internet of Things (IoT) and cloud integration (IoT-cloud) for mobile cloud computing applications, in comparison with the periodic sensing model. In the latter, sensing collections are performed without awareness of sensing demands. Sensors are required to report their sensing data periodically regardless of whether or not there are demands for their sensing services. This leads to unnecessary energy loss due to redundant transmission. In the proposed model, IoT-cloud provides sensing services on demand based on interest and location of mobile users. By taking advantages of the cloud as a coordinator, sensing scheduling of sensors is controlled by the cloud, which knows when and where mobile users request for sensing services. Therefore, when there is no demand, sensors are put into an inactive mode to save energy. Through extensive analysis and experimental results, we show that the location-based model achieves a significant improvement in terms of network lifetime compared to the periodic model.

https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/17/3/489/pdf

A Location-Based Interactive Model of Internet of Things and Cloud (IoT-Cloud) for Mobile Cloud Computing Applications

Recently, several researchers have proposed adopting software‐defined networking (SDN) concepts for mobile network architectures, particularly for LTE‐evolved packet core (LTE/EPC). Although several new designs have been introduced for architectures based on SDN or its concrete realization, Openflow, few studies have presented in‐depth discussions of real procedures that are relevant to such architectures. To this end, this paper first surveys the current approaches and solutions for adopting SDN/Openflow in LTE/EPC architectures and then introduces a new Openflow‐enabled EPC (OEPC) architecture. This work provides detailed analyses of five procedures that commonly occur in LTE/EPC architectures, and the analyses are further elaborated with the separation of the control and data planes and the support of extended Openflow protocol. The analysis shows that the data management of these procedures is simpler relative to traditional LTE/EPC. In addition, in order to prove that efficient data management takes place for these procedures relative to a traditional LTE/EPC architecture, the numbers of signalling messages that are processed by control entities (i.e., the MME and the controller) are taken into account as a metric to evaluate the OEPC architecture. Moreover, the results of a numerical evaluation also show the benefits of this proposal relative to another Openflow‐based LTE/EPC architecture.

/pdf/proposal-and-evaluation-of-sdn-based-mobile-packet-core-33j4vsgbid.pdf

Proposal and evaluation of SDN‐based mobile packet core networks

SummaryBackground
Anti-viral therapy in chronic hepatitis B (CHB) is associated with a reduced risk of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) primary described in patients with cirrhosis.

Aims
To examine the effects of treatment on HCC incidence in CHB with and without cirrhosis, after adjustment for background risks.

Methods
A total of 2255 CHB patients from a US cohort (973 received anti-viral therapy) and 3653 patients from the community-based Taiwanese REVEAL-HBV study, none of whom received treatment. We used Cox proportional hazard models to calculate the risk of developing HCC after adjustment with the previously validated REACH-B risk score.

Results
We found 273 incident cases of HCC. After adjustment, therapy lowered the risk of HCC development in the US treated cohort when compared to the US untreated cohort (HR 0.31; 95% CI: 0.15–0.66; P = 0.002). HCC risk reduction was also confirmed when compared to the REVEAL cohort (HR 0.22; 95% CI: 0.12–0.40; P 2000 IU/mL) and of even greater benefit to those with levels >200 000 IU/mL.

Conclusions
After adjustment for background risk, anti-viral therapy was associated with a significant reduction in HCC incidence in both community and real-life clinical cohorts, including in those patients previously thought to be at low risk.

https://www.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/apt.13774

Younghan Kim

Papers

SDN and Virtualization-Based LTE Mobile Network Architectures: A Comprehensive Survey

Potential of information-centric wireless sensor and actor networking

A Location-Based Interactive Model of Internet of Things and Cloud (IoT-Cloud) for Mobile Cloud Computing Applications

Proposal and evaluation of SDN‐based mobile packet core networks

Reduction of chronic hepatitis B-related hepatocellular carcinoma with anti-viral therapy, including low risk patients.