We propose a universal, on-chip quantum transducer based on surface acoustic waves in piezoactive materials. Because of the intrinsic piezoelectric (and/or magnetostrictive) properties of the material, our approach provides a universal platform capable of coherently linking a broad array of qubits, including quantum dots, trapped ions, nitrogen-vacancy centers, or superconducting qubits. The quantized modes of surface acoustic waves lie in the gigahertz range and can be strongly confined close to the surface in phononic cavities and guided in acoustic waveguides. We show that this type of surface acoustic excitation can be utilized efficiently as a quantum bus, serving as an on-chip, mechanical cavity-QED equivalent of microwave photons and enabling long-range coupling of a wide range of qubits.

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Universal Quantum Transducers based on Surface Acoustic Waves

Active control of elastic wave propagation in nonlinear phononic crystals consisting of diatomic lattice chain

Shear waves propagating along the imperfectly bonded interface of a magnetoelectric composite consisting of Piezoelectric (PE) and Piezomagnetic (PM) phases are considered. An exact dispersion relation is obtained. It is found that the interfacial imperfection strongly affects the velocity of interfacial shear waves. The existence condition of the interfacial shear waves is derived. In particular, for certain combined magnetoelectric composites, interfacial shear waves do no exist for perfect interface and exist only for imperfect interface. Moreover, the corresponding waves are dispersive, and the range of the phase velocity is derived, lying between the smaller of the Bleustein-Gulyaev waves of two PE and PM materials and the interfacial waves for the perfect bonding. These findings are useful for PE/PM composites in the microwave technology.

Interfacial shear horizontal (SH) waves propagating in a two-phase piezoelectric/piezomagnetic structure with an imperfect interface

Effects of initial stress on the reflection and transmission waves at the interface between two piezoelectric half spaces

The dispersion and attenuation of the multi-physical fields coupled waves in a piezoelectric semiconductor.

Reflection and refraction of plane waves at the interface between piezoelectric and piezomagnetic media

Propagation of Rayleigh-type surface waves in a piezoelectric-piezomagnetic layered half-space is investigated. The materials are assumed to be transversely isotropic crystals. The dispersion relations have been numerically derived and computed by considering the coupling piezoelectric and piezomagnetic behaviors. The phase velocities are obtained for four kinds of electric-magnetic boundary conditions at the free surface. The variations of mechanical displacements, electric and magnetic potentials along the thickness direction of the layer are obtained. The effects of different electric-magnetic boundary conditions on the phase velocity and mode shapes of displacements, electric and magnetic potentials have been discussed. The results show that the lowest mode is Rayleigh mode and that the phase velocities of the higher modes tend to the shear wave velocity of the piezoelectric layer as the frequency increases. The electric boundary conditions dominate the phase velocity. The magnetic boundary conditions have a significant effect on the mode shapes of the displacements, electric and magnetic potentials of the first mode. It is also found that piezoelectric material properties have an important effect on wave propagation. The result is relevant to the analysis and design of various acoustic surface wave devices constructed from piezoelectric and piezomagnetic materials.

Propagation of Rayleigh-type surface waves in a transversely isotropic piezoelectric layer on a piezomagnetic half-space

The paper analyzes the reflection and transmission of plane waves at an imperfect interface between piezoelectric (PE) and piezomagnetic (PM) media. The materials are assumed to be transversely isotropic. The linear spring model is used to describe the imperfection of bonding behavior at the interface. According to this model, the properties of the interface can be characterized by the normal and tangential interfacial stiffnesses. Numerial examples are performed for BaTiO3/CoFe2O4 material combination. Four cases, a perfect, slip, normal weak bonding and unbonding interfaces for the coupled quasi-pressure (QP) wave incidence from BaTiO3 medium are compared in detail. Numerical results of the reflection and transmission coefficients (RTCs) varying with incident angle for different interfacial stiffnesses are presented. Results show that the transmitted QP/reflected QSV waves are the strongest in the perfect/unbonded cases, respectively. The scattered waves in the slip and normal weak bonding cases are between those of the perfect and unbonded cases generally. Critial angles have noticeable effect on the RTCs and energy coefficients for the coupled scattered waves of the perfect and slip cases but have a little/no effect on those of the normal weak bonding/unbonded cases. It is found that the sum of the energy carried by the transmitted/reflected QP and QSV waves is less than unit for the imperfect bonding between BaTiO3/CoFe2O4 solids. These results may provide some useful reference datum for the imperfection measurment at the PE and PM interface.

Reflection and transmission of plane waves at an imperfectly bonded interface between piezoelectric and piezomagnetic media

Wave propagation in piezoelectric/piezomagnetic layered periodic composites

This paper is concerned with wave propagation and localization in piezoelectric (PE) and piezomagnetic (PM) layered periodic structures. Both normal and oblique propagation of waves are considered. The materials are assumed to be transversely isotropic. Wave behaviors are analyzed by calculating the dispersion curves, localization factors and response spectra using the transfer matrix and/or the stiffness matrix methods. The results show that all these quantities can be used to characterize the band structures. Frequency passbands and band gaps exist in PE/PM periodic layered structures. The width of the gaps is determined by the differences between material constants of each constituent in PE/PM composites. The bigger the difference is, the wider the gap is. Most energy is carried by the transmitted waves which are of the same mode as the incident wave. However, the transmission coefficients of the quasi-shear or quasi-pressure waves arising from wave mode conversion may be relatively large at some particular frequencies in some passbands. Compared to coupled transmitted magnetoacoustic and electroacoustic waves, the transmission coefficients of electric potential and magnetic potential waves are a little bigger. This study is useful for the possible applications of PE/PM materials in the fabrication of high frequency acoustic resonance devices.

Yu Pang

Papers

Reflection and refraction of plane waves at the interface between piezoelectric and piezomagnetic media

Propagation of Rayleigh-type surface waves in a transversely isotropic piezoelectric layer on a piezomagnetic half-space

Reflection and transmission of plane waves at an imperfectly bonded interface between piezoelectric and piezomagnetic media

Wave propagation in piezoelectric/piezomagnetic layered periodic composites

A study of the band structures of elastic wave propagating in piezoelectric/piezomagnetic layered periodic structures