Connected vehicles provide advanced transformations and attractive business opportunities in the automotive industry. Presently, IEEE 802.11p and evolving 5G are the mainstream radio access technologies in the vehicular industry, but neither of them can meet all requirements of vehicle communication. In order to provide low-latency and high-reliability communication, an SDN-enabled network architecture assisted by MEC, which integrates different types of access technologies, is proposed. MEC technology with its on-premises feature can decrease data transmission time and enhance quality of user experience in latency-sensitive applications. Therefore, MEC plays as important a role in the proposed architecture as SDN technology. The proposed architecture was validated by a practical use case, and the obtained results have shown that it meets application- specific requirements and maintains good scalability and responsiveness.

A Scalable and Quick-Response Software Defined Vehicular Network Assisted by Mobile Edge Computing

Autonomous Driving in the iCity—HD Maps as a Key Challenge of the Automotive Industry

Alzheimer disease is a significant problem in public health. Alzheimer disease causes severe problems with thinking, memory and activities. Alzheimer disease affected more on the people who are in the age group of 80-year-90. The foot movement monitoring system is used to detect the early stage of Alzheimer disease. internets of things (IoT) devices are used in this paper to monitor the patients’ foot movement in continuous manner. This paper uses dynamic time warping (DTW) algorithm to compare the various shapes of foot movements collected from the wearable IoT devices. The foot movements of the normal individuals and people who are affected by Alzheimer disease are compared with the help of middle level cross identification (MidCross) function. The identified cross levels are used to classify the gait signal for Alzheimer disease diagnosis. Sensitivity and specificity are calculated to evaluate the DTW algorithm based classification model for Alzheimer disease. The classification results generated using the DTW is compared with the various classification algorithms such as inertial navigation algorithm, K-nearest neighbor classifier and support vector machines. The experimental results proved the effectiveness of the DTW method.

Wearable sensor devices for early detection of Alzheimer disease using dynamic time warping algorithm

The advances in wireless communication techniques, mobile cloud computing, automotive and intelligent terminal technology are driving the evolution of vehicle ad hoc networks into the Internet of Vehicles (IoV) paradigm. This leads to a change in the vehicle routing problem from a calculation based on static data towards real-time traffic prediction. In this paper, we first address the taxonomy of cloud-assisted IoV from the viewpoint of the service relationship between cloud computing and IoV. Then, we review the traditional traffic prediction approached used by both Vehicle to Infrastructure (V2I) and Vehicle to Vehicle (V2V) communications. On this basis, we propose a mobile crowd sensing technology to support the creation of dynamic route choices for drivers wishing to avoid congestion. Experiments were carried out to verify the proposed approaches. Finally, we discuss the outlook of reliable traffic prediction.

https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/16/1/88/pdf

Mobile crowd sensing for traffic prediction in internet of vehicles

With the remarkable progress of cooperative communication technology in recent years, its transformation to vehicular networking is gaining momentum. Such a transformation has brought a new research challenge in facing the realization of cooperative vehicular networking (CVN). This paper presents a comprehensive survey of recent advances in the field of CVN. We cover important aspects of CVN research, including physical, medium access control, and routing protocols, as well as link scheduling and security. We also classify these research efforts in a taxonomy of cooperative vehicular networks. A set of key requirements for realizing the vision of cooperative vehicular networks is then identified and discussed. We also discuss open research challenges in enabling CVN. Lastly, the paper concludes by highlighting key points of research and future directions in the domain of CVN.

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Cooperative Vehicular Networking: A Survey

Position-based routing is considered to be a very promising routing strategy for communication within vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs), due to the fact that vehicular nodes can obtain position information from onboard global positioning system receivers and acquire global road layout information from an onboard digital map. Position-based routing protocols, which are based mostly on greedy forwarding, are well-suited to the highly dynamic and rapid-changing network topology of VANETs. In this paper, we outline the background and the latest development in VANETs and survey the state-of-the-art routing protocols previously used in VANETs. We present the pros and cons for each routing protocol, and make a detailed comparison. We also discuss open issues, challenges and future research directions. It is observed that a hybrid routing protocol is the best choice for VANETs in both urban and highway environments.

A survey on position-based routing for vehicular ad hoc networks

As a result of the imprecise positioning accuracy, the satellite-based positioning system cannot offer the reliable and continuous positioning service for vehicular active safety application or vehicle monitoring in urban center with dense buildings or underground. With the advent of Vehicle Ad hoc Network (VANET), the Roadside Unit (RSU) can be considered as an anchor or base station to offer positioning reference. The ground-based positioning solution can help us acquire more precise position information through many times interaction, but multiple communications will result in heavy burden for network and more energy consumption. In this paper, we firstly analyze the pros and cons of representative algorithm, i.e., Symmetric Double Side-Two way Ranging (SDS-TWR). Then, we propose a novel energy-saving One-Sided Synchronous Two-Way Ranging (OSS-TWR) algorithm to reduce the communication times, which gains lower energy consumption and better performance than SDS-TWR. The experiments verify the validity of our solution. Finally, we make a conclusion and discuss the future works of vehicular positioning.

Yupeng Qiao

Papers

A survey on position-based routing for vehicular ad hoc networks

A Novel Energy-Saving One-Sided Synchronous Two-Way Ranging Algorithm for Vehicular Positioning