다중혈관 관상동맥 환자에서 y-문합을 이용하여 양쪽 내흉동맥만을 사용한 우회술의 조기 성적

Fractional dynamics has experienced a firm upswing during the past few years, having been forged into a mature framework in the theory of stochastic processes. A large number of research papers developing fractional dynamics further, or applying it to various systems have appeared since our first review article on the fractional Fokker–Planck equation (Metzler R and Klafter J 2000a, Phys. Rep. 339 1–77). It therefore appears timely to put these new works in a cohesive perspective. In this review we cover both the theoretical modelling of sub- and superdiffusive processes, placing emphasis on superdiffusion, and the discussion of applications such as the correct formulation of boundary value problems to obtain the first passage time density function. We also discuss extensively the occurrence of anomalous dynamics in various fields ranging from nanoscale over biological to geophysical and environmental systems.

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The restaurant at the end of the random walk: recent developments in the description of anomalous transport by fractional dynamics

An introduction to heat transfer

Microemulsion-based media as novel drug delivery systems

Impedance biosensors are a class of electrical biosensors that show promise for point-of-care and other applications due to low cost, ease of miniaturization, and label-free operation. Unlabeled DNA and protein targets can be detected by monitoring changes in surface impedance when a target molecule binds to an immobilized probe. The affinity capture step leads to challenges shared by all label-free affinity biosensors; these challenges are discussed along with others unique to impedance readout. Various possible mechanisms for impedance change upon target binding are discussed. We critically summarize accomplishments of past label-free impedance biosensors and identify areas for future research.

/pdf/label-free-impedance-biosensors-opportunities-and-challenges-3b721lxxqy.pdf

Label-Free Impedance Biosensors: Opportunities and Challenges.

In this review, we present an overview of the state of the art concerning the fundamental properties of electrode polarization (EP) of interest in the measurement of high conductivity samples and its implications for both dielectric (DS) and impedance spectroscopy (IS). Initially a detailed description of what constitutes EP is provided and the problems that it induces. Then, we review some of the more popular models that have been used to describe the physical phenomena behind the formation of the ionic double layer. Following this we shall enumerate the common strategies used historically to correct its influence on the measured signals in DS or in IS. Finally we also review recent attempts to employ fractal electrodes to bypass the effects of EP and to offer some physical explanation as to the limitations of their use.

https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/0957-0233/24/10/102001/pdf

Electrode polarization in dielectric measurements: a review

The main principles of time domain dielectric spectroscopy, its application to conductive systems and possible methods of electrode polarization corrections in time domain are introduced. A comprehensive theoretical and experimental study of static and dynamic dielectric properties of different biological systems including globular, and membrane proteins, hydrate water, human erythrocytes, and normal and malignant blood cells of different types is presented in the paper.

Time domain dielectric spectroscopy study of biological systems

Time domain dielectric spectroscopy study of human cells. II. Normal and malignant white blood cells.

This review provides a short introduction into the basic principles of dielectric spectroscopy and it covers modern methods in use to measure the dielectric properties of liquid samples over the frequency range from about 10?6 Hz to 1012 Hz. The approaches described include frequency domain and time domain techniques, low frequency, high frequency and microwave measurement systems, as well as broadband and spot-frequency modes of operation. Reflection, transmission and resonant methods are presented, sketches of suitable sensors and block diagrams of measurement set-ups are shown. Accuracy aspects and the merits and limitations of the different techniques of measurement are discussed.

https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/0957-0233/17/2/R01/pdf

Broadband dielectric spectrometry of liquids and biosystems

Time domain dielectric spectroscopy has been used to study spherical erythrocytes, suspended in diluted phosphate buffered saline (PBS) buffers at varying concentrations of D- and L-glucose at 25°C. The osmolarity for each glucose solution was adapted, equalling that of a 63% PBS (183 mOsm). The strong effect of the electrode polarization was corrected using the fractal approach in time domain. For analysis of the dielectric properties of suspensions of erythrocytes, the Maxwell–Wagner model is used for small volume fractions. Values of the permittivity and conductivity of the cell membrane were obtained from a fitting procedure according to the one-shell model. The non-monotonic and specific response of membrane electric properties on D-glucose concentrations were observed, with a dramatic decrease around 12 mM. No changes of membrane properties have been observed in the presence of increasing concentrations of L-glucose, the biologically inactive enantiomer of D-glucose. The effect is thus specific to D-glucose. The possible mechanism of specific cell reaction to D-glucose is discussed in this paper.

https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/0022-3727/36/4/307/pdf

Yuri Feldman

Papers

Electrode polarization in dielectric measurements: a review

Time domain dielectric spectroscopy study of biological systems

Time domain dielectric spectroscopy study of human cells. II. Normal and malignant white blood cells.

Broadband dielectric spectrometry of liquids and biosystems

Dielectric spectroscopy study of specific glucose influence on human erythrocyte membranes