A positive resist composition comprising: at least one compound selected from a compound capable of generating an acid represented by the formula (I) as defined herein upon irradiation with actinic rays or radiation and a compound capable of generating an acid represented by the following formula (II) upon irradiation with actinic rays or radiation; and a compound capable of generating an acid represented by the formula (III) as defined herein upon irradiation with actinic rays or radiation.

Positive resist composition and pattern-forming method using the same

The invention relates to a tri-color lamp for generating white 1ight comprising a phosphor composition comprising a phosphor of general formula (Ba1-x-y-z-SrxCay)2SiO4:Euz, wherein 0 ≤ x ≤1, 0 ≤ y ≤1 and 0 < z < 1. The phosphor composition may also comprise a red phosphor. The two phosphors can absorb radiation emitted by a 1ight emitting diode, particularly a blue LED. This arrangement provides a mixing of three light sources -light emitted from the two phosphors and unabsorbed light from the LED. The invention also relates to an alternative to a green LED comprising a single green phosphor of general formula (Ba1-x-y-z-SrxCay)2SiO4:Euz, wherein 0 ≤ x ≤1, 0 ≤ y ≤1 and 0 < z < 1, that absorbs radiation from a blue LED. A resulting device provides green light of high absorption efficiency and high luminous equivalent va1ues.

Tri-color white light led lamp

A positive photosensitive composition comprising: (A) a compound capable of generating an acid upon irradiation with actinic rays or radiation; (B1) a resin of which solubility in an alkali developer increases under an action of an acid; and (B2) a resin that has at least one group selected from (a) an alkali-soluble group and (b) a group capable of decomposing under an action of an alkali to produce an alkali-soluble group, and the resin (B2) does not have a group capable of decomposing under an action of an acid; and a pattern forming method using the same.

Positive photosensitive composition and pattern forming method using the same

Lead magnesium niobate Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3 (PMN) is a relaxor ferroelectric with a disordered perovskite structure. A statistical inhomogeneity in the distribution of Mg2+ and Nb5+ ions in the B-sites of an ABO3 perovskite lattice leads to a wide Curie temperature range in which the crystal exhibits an intimate mixture of paraelectric and ferroelectric microregions. Relaxor-type ferroelectrics such as PMN show somewhat unusual electrostrictive phenomena. Although the polarization-related electrostrictive coefficients Q (defined as x = QP2 ) are one order of magnitude smaller than those of simple perovskite compounds, large electrostrictive strains can be obtained because of their huge dielectric constants. A quadratic relation between the induced elastic strain and the electric polarization holds even below the average Curie temperature. The electrostrictive properties of PMN and related materials are reviewed in this article. Relaxor ferroelectrics are promising transducer materials for use as acti...

Electrostrictive effect in Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3-type materials

A resist composition comprising at least one kind of a nitrogen-containing compound selected from the group consisting of an amine compound having a phenoxy group, an ammonium salt compound having a phenoxy group, an amine compound having a sulfonic acid ester group and an ammonium salt compound having a sulfonic acid ester group; and a pattern forming method using the composition.

Resist composition and pattern forming method using the same

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a liquid crystal light modulator which can be made light- weight, is superior in portability and storability, has a high speed and a high light contrast and is free of after image and image persistence, and to provide a display device using this liquid crystal light modulator. SOLUTION: The liquid crystal light modulator is provided with a liquid crystal-resin complex 3, where an independent porous film obtained by flocculating fine resin fibers is impregnated with a liquid crystal, two transparent substrates 5a and 5b, which have transparent electrodes formed and are arranged on both sides of the liquid crystal-resin complex with the transparent electrodes inside, and a voltage source 8, which applies positive or negative DC or AC voltage to the two transparent electrodes. Thus a display panel, having a large area, is easily manufactured because the porous film having a mechanical strength keeps the gap between the two transparent substrates fixed, and the weight is reduced because it is unnecessary to use thick glass panels, and portability and storability are improved, because the display panel can be bent.

Liquid crystal light modulator and display device using the same

A simple deformable bimorphous mirror using the PMN electrostrictor has been made for refocusing a light beam. Parabolic deformation of the mirror has been measured by an interferometric technique on a cycle with rising and falling electric fields. In comparison with the hard PZT piezostrictor, the electrostrictor is found to be promising for practical mirror control applications because of a large strain with neither hysteresis nor aging effects.

Deformable mirror using the PMN electrostrictor

This article describes the use of thick polymer-stabilized liquid crystal films in a new design for microwave variable phase shifters A fine μm-order sized polymer network was formed in a 100-μm-thick liquid crystal film, using a photopolymerization-induced phase-separation method to stabilize the molecular alignment of the liquid crystal Measurement of the electro-optic properties of the liquid crystal film revealed that the relaxation response time of the liquid crystal alignment was drastically decreased by doping the polymer at a concentration of several wt % A new variable phase shifter composed of a microstrip transmission line (length: 193 mm, width: 200 μm) was also fabricated by using the liquid crystal film as the dielectric material This device exhibited a microwave phase shift of −80° at a frequency of 20 GHz, when a drive voltage of 70 Vrms was applied vertically to the liquid crystal film

Thick polymer-stabilized liquid crystal films for microwave phase control

A new approximate method for calculating the electromechanical coupling factors (kp and k31) related to transverse vibration in piezoelectric ceramics is proposed, which is applicable to a wide range of coupling factors with a considerable mechanical loss. The induced-piezoelectric resonance was measured by the transmission method on PMN-based electrostrictive resonators under an applied bias field. The electromechanical parameters were determined by using the new approximation in the temperature range -100°C to 100°C under fields up to 12×105 V/m. The electrostrictive Q31 coefficient obtained is -5.5×10-3 m4C-2 for PMN, which is in good agreement with that determined by other methods.

Approximate Formulas for a Low-Q Electromechanical Resonator and Their Applications to Electrostrictive PMN-Based Ceramics

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a diffraction liquid crystal lens and a multifocal diffraction liquid crystal lens always having a thin liquid crystal layer, i.e., having a focal distance adjustable at a high speed and having high transmittance of incident light irrespective of the focal distance or a lens aperture. SOLUTION: The diffraction liquid crystal lens comprises transparent substrates 2 which are located opposite to each other via spacers 6 and have transparent electrodes 3 and alignment layers 4 laminated on their inner surfaces and liquid crystal molecules 5 sealed in the gap between the transparent substrates 2. It is characterized by making at least one alignment layer 4 have a plurality of orbicular zone region groups A1 each group of which consisting of two concentric orbicular zone regions A11, A12 subjected to alignment treatment so as to make alignment directions of the liquid crystal molecules 5 different from each other, by making the orbicular zone region groups A1 aligned like concentric circles and by making widths b between the adjacent orbicular zone region groups A1 gradually get more reduced as going more exterior from the center of the alignment layer 4.

Yuzuru Tsuchiya

Papers

Liquid crystal light modulator and display device using the same

Deformable mirror using the PMN electrostrictor

Thick polymer-stabilized liquid crystal films for microwave phase control

Approximate Formulas for a Low-Q Electromechanical Resonator and Their Applications to Electrostrictive PMN-Based Ceramics

Diffraction liquid crystal lens and multifocal diffraction liquid crystal lens