The ubiquity of polymeric materials in daily life comes with an increased fire risk, and sustained research into efficient flame retardants is key to ensuring the safety of the populace and material goods from accidental fires. Phosphorus, a versatile and effective element for use in flame retardants, has the potential to supersede the halogenated variants that are still widely used today: current formulations employ a variety of modes of action and methods of implementation, as additives or as reactants, to solve the task of developing flame-retarding polymeric materials. Phosphorus-based flame retardants can act in both the gas and condensed phase during a fire. This Review investigates how current phosphorus chemistry helps in reducing the flammability of polymers, and addresses the future of sustainable, efficient, and safe phosphorus-based flame-retardants from renewable sources.

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Molecular Firefighting—How Modern Phosphorus Chemistry Can Help Solve the Challenge of Flame Retardancy

Review of OPFRs in animals and humans: Absorption, bioaccumulation, metabolism, and internal exposure research

Understanding plastic degradation and microplastic formation in the environment: A review

Polymer/polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (POSS) nanocomposites: An overview of fire retardance

Sludge treatment: Current research trends.

Organophosphorus flame retardants and plasticizers: sources, occurrence, toxicity and human exposure.

Occurrence, fate and ecological risk of chlorinated paraffins in Asia: A review.

Effects of near soil surface components on soil erosion on steep granite red soil colluvial deposits

Flow hydraulic responses to near-soil surface components on vegetated steep red soil colluvial deposits

The invention discloses a field channel construction method for cutting down soil nitrogen and phosphorous runoff and a field channel system. An existing ridge and groove alternate traditional farmland ecological system is scientifically utilized, in a ridge and groove alternate farmland, all independent between-ridge ditches in field parcels are trimmed and connected in series to form a parallel ditch and perpendicular ditch alternate multi-curve ditch with the field parcels as the unit, one end of the multi-curve ditch is connected with a water inlet, the other end of the multi-curve ditch is connected with a water outlet, water flow flows to the water outlet from the water inlet, and therefore the length of the ditch in the field parcels is greatly increased; and plant growth ditches are established through aquatic plants, the hydraulic retention time can be prolonged when the water flow passes the section of the aquatic plant ditches; one part of nitrogen and phosphorus in water are absorbed by the aquatic plants and reduced, the other part of the nitrogen and the phosphorus in the water are deposited and accumulated in bottom mud of the ditch, the nitrogen and phosphorus elements in the ditch are reduced through the growth consumption of the aquatic plants, and therefore the nitrogen and phosphorus emission amount in the field ditch is decreased, and the aim of reducing soil nitrogen and phosphorous runoff is well achieved.

Zhang Siyi

Papers

Organophosphorus flame retardants and plasticizers: sources, occurrence, toxicity and human exposure.

Occurrence, fate and ecological risk of chlorinated paraffins in Asia: A review.

Effects of near soil surface components on soil erosion on steep granite red soil colluvial deposits

Flow hydraulic responses to near-soil surface components on vegetated steep red soil colluvial deposits

Field channel construction method for cutting down soil nitrogen and phosphorous runoff and field channel system