Deposits of clastic carbonate-dominated (calciclastic) sedimentary slope systems in the rock record have been identified mostly as linearly-consistent carbonate apron deposits, even though most ancient clastic carbonate slope deposits fit the submarine fan systems better. Calciclastic submarine fans are consequently rarely described and are poorly understood. Subsequently, very little is known especially in mud-dominated calciclastic submarine fan systems. Presented in this study are a sedimentological core and petrographic characterisation of samples from eleven boreholes from the Lower Carboniferous of Bowland Basin (Northwest England) that reveals a >250 m thick calciturbidite complex deposited in a calciclastic submarine fan setting. Seven facies are recognised from core and thin section characterisation and are grouped into three carbonate turbidite sequences. They include: 1) Calciturbidites, comprising mostly of highto low-density, wavy-laminated bioclast-rich facies; 2) low-density densite mudstones which are characterised by planar laminated and unlaminated muddominated facies; and 3) Calcidebrites which are muddy or hyper-concentrated debrisflow deposits occurring as poorly-sorted, chaotic, mud-supported floatstones. These

Phd by thesis

Iron Catalysis in Organic Synthesis

Alkylation reactions represent an important organic transformation to form C–C bonds. In addition to conventional approaches with alkyl halides or sulfonates as alkylating agents, the use of unactivated olefins for alkylations has become attractive from both cost and sustainability viewpoints. This Review summarizes transition-metal-catalyzed alkylations of various carbon–hydrogen bonds (addition of C–H bonds across olefins) using regular olefins or 1,3-dienes up to May 2016. According to the mode of activation, the Review is divided into two sections: alkylation via C–H activation and alkylation via olefin activation.

Transition-Metal-Catalyzed C–H Alkylation Using Alkenes

The development of mild and general methods for C–S bond formation has received significant attention because the C–S bond is indispensable in many important biological and pharmaceutical compounds. Early examples for the synthesis of C–S bonds are generally limited to the condensation reaction between a metal thiolate and an organic halide. Recent chemical approaches for C–S bond formation, based upon direct C–H bond functionalization and decarboxylative reactions, not only provide new insights into the mechanistic understanding of C–S coupling reactions but also allow the synthesis of sulfur-containing compounds from more effective synthetic routes with high atom economy. This review intends to explore recent advances in C–S bond formation via C–H functionalization and decarboxylation, and the growing opportunities they present to the construction of complex chemical scaffolds for applications encompassing natural product synthesis, synthetic methodology development, and functional materials as well as nanotechnology.

Recent advances in C–S bond formation via C–H bond functionalization and decarboxylation

The palladium-catalyzed cyanation of Ar–X (X = I, Br, Cl, OTf, and H) allows for an efficient access towards benzonitriles. After its discovery in 1973 and following significant improvements in recent decades, this methodology has become nowadays the most popular for preparation of substituted aromatic nitriles. In this critical review, we summarize the important developments in this area from 2000 until 2010 (151 references).

Zheng Duan

Papers

Benzofuran-fused Phosphole: Synthesis, Electronic, and Electroluminescence Properties

Palladium-catalyzed three-component arylcyanation of internal alkynes with aryl bromides and K4[Fe(CN)6].

A simple access to triarylmethane derivatives from aromatic aldehydes and electron-rich arenes catalyzed by FeCl3

Cerium(IV) ammonium nitrate (CAN) catalyzed aza-Michael addition of amines to α,β-unsaturated electrophiles

Versatile Synthesis of Phospholides from Open-Chain Precursors. Application to Annelated Pyrrole– and Silole–Phosphole Rings