Zhi Sun

TL;DR: It is shown that porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV), and apparently most other arteriviruses, use an additional PRF mechanism to access a conserved alternative ORF that overlaps the nsp2-encoding region of ORF1a in the +1 frame, demonstrating that −2 PRF is a functional gene-expression mechanism in eukaryotes and add another layer to the complexity of arterivirus genome expression.

TL;DR: It is demonstrated that the PRRSV nsp2 OTU domain antagonizes the type I interferon induction by interfering with the NF-κB signaling pathway and possesses ubiquitin-deconjugating activity, which provides an important insight in future modified live-virus vaccine development.

TL;DR: It is demonstrated that nsp1β has ability to inhibit both interferon synthesis and signaling, while nSp1α alone strongly inhibits interferons synthesis.

TL;DR: It is demonstrated for the first time, to the authors' knowledge, that a protein can function as a transactivator of ribosomal frameshifted, and the newly identified frameshifting determinants provide potential antiviral targets for arterivirus disease control and prevention.

TL;DR: It is demonstrated that ISG15 overexpression inhibits porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) replication in cell culture and that the antiviral activity of interferon is reduced by inhibition ofISG15 conjugation.