In this critical review, metal oxides-based materials for electrochemical supercapacitor (ES) electrodes are reviewed in detail together with a brief review of carbon materials and conducting polymers. Their advantages, disadvantages, and performance in ES electrodes are discussed through extensive analysis of the literature, and new trends in material development are also reviewed. Two important future research directions are indicated and summarized, based on results published in the literature: the development of composite and nanostructured ES materials to overcome the major challenge posed by the low energy density of ES (476 references).

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A review of electrode materials for electrochemical supercapacitors

Electrochemical energy storage technology is based on devices capable of exhibiting high energy density (batteries) or high power density (electrochemical capacitors). There is a growing need, for current and near-future applications, where both high energy and high power densities are required in the same material. Pseudocapacitance, a faradaic process involving surface or near surface redox reactions, offers a means of achieving high energy density at high charge–discharge rates. Here, we focus on the pseudocapacitive properties of transition metal oxides. First, we introduce pseudocapacitance and describe its electrochemical features. Then, we review the most relevant pseudocapacitive materials in aqueous and non-aqueous electrolytes. The major challenges for pseudocapacitive materials along with a future outlook are detailed at the end.

https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01171774/document

Pseudocapacitive oxide materials for high-rate electrochemical energy storage

4.3. Reaction Mechanism 2373 4.4. Asymmetric Synthesis 2374 4.5. Outlook 2374 5. Alternating Polymerization of Oxiranes and CO2 2374 5.1. Reaction Outlines 2374 5.2. Catalyst 2376 5.3. Asymmetric Polymerization 2377 5.4. Immobilized Catalysts 2377 6. Synthesis of Urea and Urethane Derivatives 2378 7. Synthesis of Carboxylic Acid 2379 8. Synthesis of Esters and Lactones 2380 9. Synthesis of Isocyanates 2382 10. Hydrogenation and Hydroformylation, and Alcohol Homologation 2382

Transformation of carbon dioxide.

비만아 부모의 돌봄 경험: q 방법론

To realize graphene-based electronics, various types of graphene are required; thus, modulation of its electrical properties is of great importance. Theoretic studies show that intentional doping is a promising route for this goal, and the doped graphene might promise fascinating properties and widespread applications. However, there is no experimental example and electrical testing of the substitutionally doped graphene up to date. Here, we synthesize the N-doped graphene by a chemical vapor deposition (CVD) method. We find that most of them are few-layer graphene, although single-layer graphene can be occasionally detected. As doping accompanies with the recombination of carbon atoms into graphene in the CVD process, N atoms can be substitutionally doped into the graphene lattice, which is hard to realize by other synthetic methods. Electrical measurements show that the N-doped graphene exhibits an n-type behavior, indicating substitutional doping can effectively modulate the electrical properties of graphene. Our finding provides a new experimental instance of graphene and would promote the research and applications of graphene.

Synthesis of N-Doped Graphene by Chemical Vapor Deposition and Its Electrical Properties

Desulfurization of Flue Gas: SO2 Absorption by an Ionic Liquid

{alpha}-Fe{sub 2}O{sub 3} nanotubes that can be used as chemical sensors are fabricated by a novel carbon nanotube (CNT) templated synthesis. CNTs are coated with a continuous layer of Fe{sub 2}O{sub 3} nanoparticles by the decomposition of Fe(NO{sub 3}){sub 3} in a supercritical CO{sub 2}/ethanol solution. Subsequent removal of the CNTs gives {alpha}-Fe{sub 2}O{sub 3} nanotubes that are highly sensitive to H{sub 2}S, which makes them attractive materials for chemiluminescent H{sub 2}S sensors. (Abstract Copyright [2005], Wiley Periodicals, Inc.)

A Highly Efficient Chemical Sensor Material for H2S: α-Fe2O3 Nanotubes Fabricated Using Carbon Nanotube Templates

Beaded Cobalt Oxide Nanoparticles along Carbon Nanotubes: Towards More Highly Integrated Electronic Devices

Preparation of titania/carbon nanotube composites using supercritical ethanol and their photocatalytic activity for phenol degradation under visible light irradiation

Zhimin Liu

Papers

Desulfurization of Flue Gas: SO2 Absorption by an Ionic Liquid

A Highly Efficient Chemical Sensor Material for H2S: α-Fe2O3 Nanotubes Fabricated Using Carbon Nanotube Templates

Beaded Cobalt Oxide Nanoparticles along Carbon Nanotubes: Towards More Highly Integrated Electronic Devices

Preparation of titania/carbon nanotube composites using supercritical ethanol and their photocatalytic activity for phenol degradation under visible light irradiation

Adhesion and proliferation of OCT-1 osteoblast-like cells on micro- and nano-scale topography structured poly(L-lactide).