A communication infrastructure is an essential part to the success of the emerging smart grid. A scalable and pervasive communication infrastructure is crucial in both construction and operation of a smart grid. In this paper, we present the background and motivation of communication infrastructures in smart grid systems. We also summarize major requirements that smart grid communications must meet. From the experience of several industrial trials on smart grid with communication infrastructures, we expect that the traditional carbon fuel based power plants can cooperate with emerging distributed renewable energy such as wind, solar, etc, to reduce the carbon fuel consumption and consequent green house gas such as carbon dioxide emission. The consumers can minimize their expense on energy by adjusting their intelligent home appliance operations to avoid the peak hours and utilize the renewable energy instead. We further explore the challenges for a communication infrastructure as the part of a complex smart grid system. Since a smart grid system might have over millions of consumers and devices, the demand of its reliability and security is extremely critical. Through a communication infrastructure, a smart grid can improve power reliability and quality to eliminate electricity blackout. Security is a challenging issue since the on-going smart grid systems facing increasing vulnerabilities as more and more automation, remote monitoring/controlling and supervision entities are interconnected.

https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1315&context=electricalengineeringfacpub

A Survey on Smart Grid CommunicationInfrastructures: Motivations, Requirements andChallenges

Wavelets have been favorably applied in almost all aspects of digital wireless communication systems including data compression, source and channel coding, signal denoising, channel modeling and design of transceivers. The main property of wavelets in these applications is in their flexibility and ability to characterize signals accurately. In this paper recent trends and developments in the use of wavelets in wireless communications are reviewed. Major applications of wavelets in wireless channel modeling, interference mitigation, denoising, OFDM modulation, multiple access, Ultra Wideband communications, cognitive radio and wireless networks are surveyed. The confluence of information and communication technologies and the possibility of ubiquitous connectivity have posed a challenge to developing technologies and architectures capable of handling large volumes of data under severe resource constraints such as power and bandwidth. Wavelets are uniquely qualified to address this challenge. The flexibility and adaptation provided by wavelets have made wavelet technology a strong candidate for future wireless communication.

A Review of Wavelets for Digital Wireless Communication

The integration of simultaneous wireless information and power transfer (SWIPT) and cooperative relay (CoR) techniques has evolved as a new phenomenon for the next-generation wireless communication system. CoR is used to get energy and spectral efficient network and to solve the issues of fading, path loss, shadowing, and smaller coverage area. Relay nodes are battery-constrained or battery-less devices. They need some charging systems externally as replacing or recharging of their batteries sometimes which are not feasible and convenient. Energy harvesting (EH) is the most cost-effective, suitable, and safer solutions to power up these relays. Among various types of the EH, SWIPT is the most prominent technique as it provides spectral efficiency by delivering energy and information to the relays at the same time. This paper reviews the combination of CoR and SWIPT. From basic to advanced architectures, applications and taxonomies of CoR and SWIPT are presented, various forms of resource allocation and relay selection algorithms are covered. The usage of CoR and SWIPT in the fifth-generation wireless networks is discussed. This paper focuses on the integral aspects of the CoR and SWIPT to other next-generation wireless communication systems and techniques such as multiple-input-multiple-output, wireless sensor network, cognitive radio, vehicular ad hoc network, non-orthogonal multiple access, beamforming technique, and the Internet of Things. Some open issues and future directions and challenges are given in this paper.

/pdf/a-survey-on-simultaneous-wireless-information-and-power-3qs19eqjr7.pdf

A Survey on Simultaneous Wireless Information and Power Transfer With Cooperative Relay and Future Challenges

The use of wavelet transform in multicarrier ultra wideband (UWB) systems is analysed and the results are compared with Fourier-based multicarrier UWB systems. It is well known that convolution in time domain is equivalent to multiplication in frequency domain; however, there is no closed-form expression in the literature for convolution's counterpart in the wavelet domain. A formula is derived to represent convolution's counterpart in the wavelet domain. Furthermore, the effects of choice and type of wavelet filters and different decomposition levels are investigated. Finally, a performance comparison of both techniques for IEEE 802.15.3a channel models using IEEE802.15.3a multiband-orthogonal frequency division multiplexing UWB specifications is provided.

Comparison between wavelet-based and Fourier-based multicarrier UWB systems

In this paper we analyse the application of wavelet transform as an alternative to the conventional Fourier-based multicarrier UWB systems. In Fourier based multicarrier UWB systems a cyclic prefix (CP) with the same length of the channel impulse response must be added to each symbol in order to convert linear convolution into circular convolution. The CP must consist of identical copies of the transmitted data in each symbol and therefore is a waste of bandwidth and resources. In this paper we present a framework for wavelet based multicarrier UWB systems and it is shown that they do not require the cyclic prefix for transmission and, hence throughput increases. Moreover, a closed form formula is derived to represent convolution's counterpart in the wavelet domain. Finally, a performance comparison of both techniques is provided.

Wavelet vs. Fourier based UWB Systems

Multi-Input Multi-Output (MIMO) techniques can be used to increase the data rate for a given bit error rate (BER) and transmission power. Due to the small form factor, energy and processing constraints of wireless sensor nodes, a cooperative Virtual MIMO as opposed to True MIMO system architecture is considered more feasible for wireless sensor network (WSN) applications. Virtual MIMO with Vertical-Bell Labs Layered Space-Time (V-BLAST) multiplexing architecture has been recently established to enhance WSN performance. In this paper, we further investigate the impact of different modulation techniques, and analyze for the first time, the performance of a cooperative Virtual MIMO system based on V-BLAST architecture with multi-carrier modulation techniques. Through analytical models and simulations using real hardware and environment settings, both communication and processing energy consumptions, BER, spectral efficiency, and total time delay of multiple cooperative nodes each with single antenna are evaluated. The results show that cooperative Virtual-MIMO with Binary Phase Shift Keying-Wavelet based Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (BPSK-WOFDM) modulation is a promising solution for future high data-rate and energy-efficient WSNs.

https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/13/6/7033/pdf

Performance analysis of cooperative virtual MIMO systems for wireless sensor networks.

The exhaustion of natural energy and oil reserves has initiated the concept of renewable energy systems (RESs). This has expanded the vision of energy sector towards a diversified power grid while introducing the distributed energy resources (DERs) and distributed generation (DG). Though, this diversification is achieved by adding new energy generation sources and a two-way power flow, it opens the channel of production and trading with alternating current (AC) and direct current (DC) energy formats. But DC-based energy, due to its sporadic nature, can be further stored easily by energy storage devices. However, in recent years, a compelling need has arisen to understand the communication systems in distributed generation (DG) for better performance management, control and parallel power transfer. In this article, a bibliographic review on communication systems in distributed generations (DGs) is provided. The study identifies various communication technologies, standards, and protocols used in AC and DC-based DGs. Moreover, it contains the classification of different frameworks and methods involved. The methodology of different approaches and their likely combination are discussed for different types of communication networks. This study also represents useful information for readers, thereby demonstrate the complete life-cycle of digital data in sensors/actuators, transmitter, receiver, filter, decoder for control of DG elements and identifies future challenges as well. A comprehensive list of publications to date are compiled to provide a complete picture of different developments in this area.

Communication Systems in Distributed Generation: A Bibliographical Review and Frameworks

Wavelet based OFDM V-BLAST system design and its simulation results are briefly discussed in this article. The orthonormal wavelet bases are generated from Haar and Daubechies Quadrature Mirror Filter (QMF) bank. The BER performance of this system as compared to Fourier based OFDM V-BLAST system shows significant improvement.

Performance comparison of OFDM and WOFDM based V-BLAST wireless systems

Bibliographic review on power system oscillations damping: An era of conventional grids and renewable energy integration

Dust accumulation and aggregation on PV panels: An integrated survey on impacts, mathematical models, cleaning mechanisms, and possible sustainable solution

Zimran Rafique

Papers

Performance analysis of cooperative virtual MIMO systems for wireless sensor networks.

Communication Systems in Distributed Generation: A Bibliographical Review and Frameworks

Performance comparison of OFDM and WOFDM based V-BLAST wireless systems

Bibliographic review on power system oscillations damping: An era of conventional grids and renewable energy integration

Dust accumulation and aggregation on PV panels: An integrated survey on impacts, mathematical models, cleaning mechanisms, and possible sustainable solution