Bradley Hospital

About: Bradley Hospital is a healthcare organization based out in East Providence, Rhode Island, United States. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Mental health & Bipolar disorder. The organization has 261 authors who have published 265 publications receiving 10477 citations.

Contextual risk and resiliency during late adolescence

Abstract: The factors contributing to the mental health of a sample of 18-year-olds were analyzed in a hierarchical multiple regression analysis. The contribution of proximal variables such as parenting behavior, intermediate variables such as other family factors, and the more distal variables such as social class and minority status were all highly significant. Child variables were also found to make significant contributions to understanding mental health. When the sample was divided into three subsamples, white advantaged, white disadvantaged, and African American (almost entirely disadvantaged), the mental health of the African American sample was higher than that of the white disadvantaged sample. The regression coefficients fit to the whole sample underestimated the mental health of the African Americans and overestimated the health of the white disadvantaged. The parenting of the African American sample was less approving and more critical and more controlling than that of the other two samples. To investigate the correlates of resilience, pairs of subjects were contrasted who had the same mental health but differed in whether they exceeded or were less than the mental health predicted for them. None of the variables in the study differentiated significantly between the two groups.

Ontogenetic variations in auditory arousal threshold during sleep

Abstract: Developmental variations in auditory arousal thresholds during sleep were investigated in four groups of normal male subjects--children, preadolescents, adolescents, and young adults. Arousal thresholds were determined during NREM and REM sleep for tones presented via earphone insert on a single night following two adaptation nights of undisturbed sleep. Age-related relationships were observed for both awakening frequency and stimulus intensity required to effect awakening, with awakenings occurring more frequently in response to lower stimulus intensities with increasing age. Although stimulus intensities required for awakening were high and statistically equivalent across sleep stages in nonadults, higher intensity stimuli were required in Stage 4 relative to Stage 2 and REM sleep in adults. These results confirm previous observations of marked resistance to awakening during sleep in preadolescent children and suggest that processes underlying awakening from sleep undergo systematic modification during ontogenetic development.

The Role of Parenting Sensitivity, Infant Temperament, and Dyadic Interaction in Attachment Theory and Assessment.

Abstract: What are we trying to index when we make assessments of attachment patterns in early life? How do these quality-of-attachment constructs relate to other constructs that are theoretically important to the description and development of attachment relationships? How do parents and children contribute to these developmental processes? What measurement issues are important for the field to consider when evaluating attachment and related constructs? In addressing these questions, we will concurrently examine the nature and assessment of constructs of maternal sensitivity and temperament, both of which have been significant in attachment research and theory. We begin by describing the core constructs of attachment theory, namely, the attachment system and secure-base behavior. We follow by discussing contextual factors that are thought to be crucial in the development of individual differences in attachment, especially maternal sensitivity. We then consider child characteristics, especially temperament, that may contribute to the operation of the attachment system. In this context, we consider both parental supports for secure-base behavior and the ways by which infants "teach" their parents about the specific behaviors that are required to provide a secure base for the individual child. Assessment issues associated with each of these constructs, connections (theoretical and empirical) among them, and some views on directions for future research are each discussed in turn.

Body dysmorphic disorder and other clinically significant body image concerns in adolescent psychiatric inpatients: prevalence and clinical characteristics.

Abstract: Background This study assessed prevalence and clinical correlates of body dysmorphic disorder (BDD), eating disorders (ED), and other clinically significant body image concerns in 208 consecutively admitted adolescent inpatients. It was hypothesized that adolescents with BDD would have higher levels of depression, anxiety, and suicidality. Adolescents with eating disorders were expected to have higher levels of depression, anxiety, and trauma-related symptoms. Trauma-related symptoms were also examined in relation to BDD, in the absence of specific hypotheses.

Effects of marijuana use during pregnancy on newborn cry.

Abstract: The effects of maternal marijuana use on the newborn cry were studied in Jamaica, where it was possible to rule out confounding factors such as the use of other substances and demographic variables that have clouded previous studies and where higher dosages may make the effects more visible The acoustic characteristics of the cries of 20 infants of marijuana users and 20 controls were analyzed The cries of the infants of marijuana users were shorter, had a higher percentage of dysphonation, a higher and more variable fundamental frequency, and a lower first formant than controls There was also a dose response relation between the first formant and marijuana use We suggest that heavy marijuana use affects the neurophysiological integrity of the infant