Showing papers by "Children's Memorial Hospital published in 1969"
TL;DR: The general scheme for the utilization of amniotic fluid in prenatal detection of genetic defects is summarized in Fig. 4 as mentioned in this paper, and a number of cytogenetic and biochemical disorders are capable of detection in utero at the present time, however, until considerably more experience is gained with these techniques, these procedures should be considered experimental in nature.
121 citations
TL;DR: The most favorable prognosis was found in children with acute lymphoid leukemia who were 2 to 6 years of age at diagnosis in whom the leukocyte counts were below 4,000/mm3 at onset, and the year of diagnosis.
Abstract: In a group of 1770 children with acute leukemia, treated in 11 pediatric centers associated with Children's Cancer Group A, surgical data was related to age at diagnosis, morphological type, the leukocyte count at onset, and the year of diagnosis. The age distribution was different in the 3 morphological types of childhood leukemia. A peak at the age 2 to 3 years, with a broad base extending from 2 to 5 years, was characteristic of acute lymphoid leukemia, while the peak was absent in other morphological types. The age distribution was similar in Caucasian and Negro children. The most favorable prognosis was found in children with acute lymphoid leukemia who were 2 to 6 years of age at diagnosis in whom the leukocyte counts were below 4,000/mm3 at onset. Progress in extending the median survival time of all children with acute lymphoid but not other types of leukemia was noted between 1957 and 1964. The 10% survival figure improved for all types of leukemia during this period.
72 citations
TL;DR: Examination of the fetus revealed an absence of α-1,4-glucosidase activity in all organs and cultivated fibroblasts, confirming the in-utero diagnosis of type-II glycogenosis.
64 citations
TL;DR: The presence or absence of metachromatic granules in cultivated amniotic-fluid cells does not seem to be a reliable test for cystic fibrosis in utero.
34 citations
TL;DR: O2 uptake per M2 decreased with increasing body surface area and was relatively greater in underweight children, and the awake state and activity resulted in significant increases of O2 uptake even in restrained children.
Abstract: The variation of oxygen uptake during cardiac catheterization was studied in 98 sedated infants and children by a flow-through technic which requires no direct patient contact or cooperation, does not interfere with cardiac catheterization, and permits continuous on-line determination of oxygen uptake. During sedated sleep O2 uptake averaged 102 ± 51 ml./min. or 154 ± 26 ml./min. per M2. For this limited sample population O2 uptake was linearly related to body surface area, age, height and weight. O2 uptake per M2 decreased with increasing body surface area and was relatively greater in underweight children. The awake state and activity resulted in significant increases of O2 uptake even in restrained children. The method provides accurate measurements of O2 uptake and can be used routinely in infants.
34 citations
TL;DR: Polyribosome profiles and a working system of polyribosomes were obtained utilizing nitrogen cavitation for disruption of the cell’s membranes and a redistribution of lysosomal enzymes between bound and free enzymes within the first two hours.
31 citations
15 citations
7 citations
7 citations
TL;DR: The first set of data will cover the influence of vitamin B6 upon blood 5 H T levels in newborn infants of low birth weight and normal birth weight; the effect of Vitamin B6 on these levels in infants when it is given to their mothers during the final three to five weeks of gestation; and some data concerning the effectof vitamin B 6 deficiency and supplementation on rat kidney, lever, and brain 5HTPD activity during the newborn period.
Abstract: Much interest has been centered upon 5-hydroxytryptophan decarboxylase ( 5 H T P D ) because of the physiological importance of serotonin. The conversion of 5-hydroxytryptophan ( 5 H T P ) to 5-hydroxytryptamine ( 5 H T ) is catalyzed by this enzyme.' The enzyme requires pyridoxal-5'-phosphate as a COThis cofactor may be supplied to the body in any of the forms of vitamin Be (pyridoxine, pyridoxal, or pyridoxamine) .4 In 1957, Pare, Sandler and Staceys demonstrated a defect in tryptophan metabolism in phenylketonuria. This was characterized by a decrease of 5HT in blood and 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5HIAA) in urine. A number of reports have also appeared that show that newborn infants have a relatively low level of circulating 5 HT when compared with children and adults.6-8 The present paper will describe two series of observations made on the effect of vitamin i.36 on blood 5 H T levels. The first set of data will cover the influence of vitamin B6 upon blood 5 H T levels in newborn infants of low birth weight and normal birth weight; the effect of vitamin B6 on these levels in infants when it is given to their mothers during the final three to five weeks of gestation; and finally, some data concerning the effect of vitamin B6 deficiency and supplementation on rat kidney, lever, and brain 5HTPD activity during the newborn period. The second set of data will describe the effect of vitamin BB o n blood 5 H T levels in children with phenylketonuria and hyperphenylalanemia.
6 citations
TL;DR: A sample of 375 Ss between the ages of 3 and 8 were given a series of fine motor tasks of which 7 comprised a single instrument and speed of performance was found to relate primarily to age, although social class was occasionally a factor.
Abstract: Summary.-A sample of 375 Ss between the ages of 3 and 8 were given a series of fine motor tasks of which 7 comprised a single instrument. Speed of performance on these measures was found to relate primarily to age, although social class was occasionally a factor. Sex did not affect performance on the test. Speed of performance was found to be an exponential function of age. The measures on the test were found to be highly interrelated. Further, a sample of children referred for diagnosis for presumed retardation, organicity or learning difficulties differed significantly from the standardization population on these measures. The purpose of this paper was to report the development of a test of fine motor functioning to be used with children between the ages of 3 and 8. It is hoped that this instrument will provide a method of assessing the intactness of one aspect of neuromuscular functioning in children in a manner which will be of value in a variety of clinical and research areas b~it most immediately in the study of the brain-injured child. Currently, the most commonly used test of motor functioning is the LincolnOseretsky Motor Development Scale (Sloan, 1955). This test has been criticized on a number of grounds, the most consistent criticism being the fact that it attempts to provide an over-all measure of motor skill as a general factor (Espenschade, 1959). It has been generally agreed that a variety of specific factors are involved in motor functioning rather than a single factor (Seashore, 1951; Malpass, 1963 ) . Carpenter ( 1941), for example, delineated speed and strength as two major factors in motor skills in primary school children. The goal of this study was to develop a measure of motor ability which met several criteria. The test must employ the same items across a significant age range, be simple and quick to administer, be objectively scored, test right and left sides independently, and be applicable in the age range 3 to 8 where this determination has considerable clinical importance. The present report describes the development and standardization of such a test, as well as an attempt to assess its clinical utility.
TL;DR: A young boy with keratitis due to infection with Shigella flexneri is described, apparently the second reported instance of this rare complication of shigellosis.
TL;DR: The most significant change to come into the newborn nursery in the more than 50 years since the central nursery system evolved is the use of disposables and unit packaging, including ready-to-feed milk mixtures in one-use containers.
Abstract: The most significant change to come into the newborn nursery in the more than 50 years since the central nursery system evolved is the use of disposables and unit packaging, including ready-to-feed milk mixtures in one-use containers.
TL;DR: A spectrophotofluorometer is used as a nephelometer for determining small amounts of protein by turbidity measurements.
Abstract: A spectrophotofluorometer is used as a nephelometer for determining small amounts of protein by turbidity measurements.
TL;DR: Electrode jelly (NatrosolPVP ECG electrode paste) is made to be compatible with the silver chloride electrode, but it works well with ordinary ECG strap electrodes, apnoea monitor electrodes, defibrillating paddles, etc.
Abstract: The electrode jellies commonly used in long-term monitoring of the electrical activity of the heart may cause marked excoriation action on the skin, which requires the electrodes to be repositioned frequently. In paediatric practice it was found necessary to change the skin electrode position every eight hours. Good electrodes, sound connections and satisfactory points of contact with the patient, are essential for the recording of a useful tracing free of wandering baselines and electrical interference. A monitor system that does not sense and relay a signal reliably should be disconnected and switched off. A major improvement in our monitoring of the electrical activity of the hearts of infants and children occurred in this department when commercially available ECG paste was abandoned in favour of the electrode jelly described by the Crew Systems Division of the US Aeronautics and Space Administration 1. Electrode jelly (NatrosolPVP ECG electrode paste) is made to be compatible with the silver chloride electrode, but we have found that it works well with ordinary ECG strap electrodes, apnoea monitor electrodes, defibrillating paddles, etc. It has the consistency of standard ECG paste and contains conducting ions dispersed with preservatives in a jelly-like medium. The ionic content is ten times that of mammalian Ringers solution and provides a relatively low resistance for periods in excess of one week with minimal skin irritation. It is non-sensitizing and has an indefinite shelf life. Unlike other commercially available pastes, it contains no abrasive material. Ingredientsfor I litre (all reagents analytic grade)