Showing papers by "Federal University of Rio de Janeiro published in 1969"
TL;DR: Neurons in inferotemporal cortex (area TE) of the monkey had visual receptive fields which were very large and almost always included the fovea, and were differentially sensitive to several of the following dimensions of the stimulus.
Abstract: Neurons in inferotemporal cortex (area TE) of the monkey had visual receptive fields which were very large (greater than 10 by 10 degrees) and almost always included the fovea. Some extended well into both halves of the visual field, while others were confined to the ipsilateral or contralateral side. These neurons were differentially sensitive to several of the following dimensions of the stimulus: size and shape, color, orientation, and direction of movement.
348 citations
TL;DR: Results showed that differences in time course of action potential upstroke can be explained in terms of the relative magnitude of fast and slow phases of depolarization, and acetylcholine is capable of depressing the slow phase ofdepolarization as well as the plateau of the action potential.
Abstract: Transmembrane potentials recorded from the rabbit heart in vitro were displayed as voltage against time (V, t display), and dV/dt against voltage (V, V or phase-plane display). Acetylcholine was applied to the recording site by means of a hydraulic system. Results showed that (a) differences in time course of action potential upstroke can be explained in terms of the relative magnitude of fast and slow phases of depolarization; (b) acetylcholine is capable of depressing the slow phase of depolarization as well as the plateau of the action potential; and (c) action potentials from nodal (SA and AV) cells seem to lack the initial fast phase. These results were construed to support a two-component hypothesis for cardiac electrogenesis. The hypothesis states that cardiac action potentials are composed of two distinct and physiologically separable "components" which result from discrete mechanisms. An initial fast component is a sodium spike similar to that of squid nerve. The slow component, which accounts for both a slow depolarization during phase 0 and the plateau, probably is dependent on the properties of a slow inward current having a positive equilibrium potential, coupled to a decrease in the resting potassium conductance. According to the hypothesis, SA and AV nodal action potentials are due entirely or almost entirely to the slow component and can therefore be expected to exhibit unique electrophysiological and pharmacological properties.
151 citations
TL;DR: Addition of increasing concentrations of either NaCl or KCl lead to a progressive inhibition of Ca2+ uptake, and Na+ is a more effective inhibitor than K+.
73 citations
TL;DR: Yeast trehalase has been found to be inhibited non-competitively by adenosine triphosphate, which could explain the accumulation of trehalose during the stationary phase of the growth curve.
Abstract: Yeast trehalase has been found to be inhibited non-competitively by adenosine triphosphate. Such a biological control could explain the accumulation of trehalose during the stationary phase of the growth curve.
28 citations
24 citations
31 Dec 1969
TL;DR: The aim of this article is describing the applied methodology in the elaboration of this Latin-American Obesity Consensus, its contents and the governamental policies that are being developed to reduce the prevalence of obesity.
Abstract: Obesity is an element of risk to several pathologies and its prevalence is increasing in many countries. It was considered a serious health problem by the World Health Organization and several kinds of treatment have been proposed to reduce body weight. There is a strong need to systematize the strategies applied in obesity treatment and its results. To this purpose, a Latin-American Obesity Consensus has been elaborated, as a document which describes the efficient and ethical strategies to be applied in such treatments. The aim of this article is describing the applied methodology in the elaboration of this Latin-American Obesity Consensus, its contents and the governamental policies that are being developed to reduce the prevalence of obesity.
20 citations
TL;DR: The process gave clear and resistent fibers, and the retting time was similar to that of current industrial processes with bacterial enzymes, since the pH remained close to neutrality throughout the entire process.
Abstract: In this study, retting was carried out by Aspergillus niger. The pH, galacturonic acid (GA), and total reducing sugar were determined; the end point was identified by the classic empirical processes and by the maximal GA content of the retting water. The process gave clear and resistent fibers, and the retting time was similar to that of current industrial processes with bacterial enzymes. Control of total acidity was not required, since the pH remained close to neutrality throughout the entire process.
14 citations
TL;DR: Le diamètre de l'extrémité des électrodes dépend du procédé de remplissement and les meilleurs résultats sont obtenus par la méthode deTasaki modifiée.
Abstract: Une methode pour vider et examiner des microelectrodes de verre au microscope electronique est decrite. On a trouve une correlation entre le diametre du bout et la resistance electrique. Le diametre de l'extremite des electrodes depend du procede de remplissement et les meilleurs resultats sont obtenus par la methode deTasaki modifiee.
10 citations
31 Dec 1969
TL;DR: The concept and kinds of verbal behavior within a functional analysis and their organization, multiple causation, the role of the listener (audience), verbal thought, the verbal community, conscience, among others, are discussed in this paper.
Abstract: Verbal Behavior
(1957), by B. F. Skinner, provides an innovative analysis of verbal behavior. This
article presents and demonstrates some of the concepts and processes included in this work on the
functional analysis of verbal behavior, such as: the concept and kinds of verbal behavior within a
functional analysis and their organization, multiple causation, the role of the listener (audience),
verbal thought, the verbal community, conscience, among others. Daily and literary verbal
behavior are used as examples. Some of the questions that have been researched in the area of
verbal behavior, as well as some of the specific difficulties of its study, are briefly mentioned and
discussed.
10 citations
31 Dec 1969
TL;DR: In this paper, a dinâmica familiar that envolve as diferencas no fluxo interativo entre filhos surdos e pais ouvintes and os aspectos educacionais prese is discussed.
Abstract: Resumen pt: Esse artigo aborda a dinâmica familiar que envolve as diferencas no fluxo interativo entre filhos surdos e pais ouvintes e os aspectos educacionais prese...
6 citations
TL;DR: A strain of the “thermophilic” enteric yeast Candida slooffii grew in simple defined media at 43° C if given a supplement of choline (or mono- or N,N-dimethylethanolamine), Fe, Mn, and V.
Abstract: A strain of the “thermophilic” enteric yeast Candida slooffii grew in simple defined media at 43° C. if given a supplement of choline (or mono- or N,N-dimethylethanolamine), Fe, Mn, and V. Leucine, only stimulatory at 37° C., was required absolutely at 43° C.
31 Dec 1969
31 Dec 1969
TL;DR: It is suggested that the phenomenal consciousness can be described as an analog of a “virtual reality” system created by means of biological evolution and appears to have evolved “in order to” integrate the authors' multimodal afferent stimulus and to generate a self centered subjective space filled of emotional and volitional contents.
Abstract: In this paper I describe our subjective consciousness from a biological perspective. From this perspective, I suggest that we can describe the phenomenal consciousness as an analog of a “virtual reality” system created by means of biological evolution. This biological virtual system appears to have evolved “in order to” integrate our multimodal afferent stimulus and to generate a self centered subjective space (our subjective daily space) filled of emotional and volitional contents. I also discuss some paradoxes relative to a biological description of consciousness, like the classical “brain inside the vat” paradox, the “zombie” paradox and the “homunculus” paradox. The main conclusion is that we cannot locate the consciousness in our daily subjective space because we, as observers immersed inside the conscious process, cannot observe and locate the conscious processes from outside them. As a result, to us consciousness appears to be located everywhere we observe. However all indirect evidence suggests that consciousness is, primarily, a biological “virtual” process generated by our brain physiology. To deal with this fundamental aspect of our subjectivity (embodied in each observer) I propose a didactic approach to metaphorically “locate” consciousness in the space: “the Giant World Metaphor”. In this didactic metaphor we exist, normally without notice, inside the invisibles “giant brains” belonging to “invisible giants” living in an invisible “giant world” (this giant world is analog to Kant’s noumenal objective world). These objective “invisible giants” generate, inside their “giant brains” the biological virtual systems we daily experienced as our bodies and our external subjective reality. Although deeply “weird” to our daily common sense, this “giant world metaphor” help to put in evidence a fundamental aspect about the problem of consciousness location: even when we observe our heads and brains we are not observing the “real” and objective (in a strict sense) place where consciousness is generated, but rather the indirect experience of our head and brains mediated by their own subjective
TL;DR: The most important findings were focal necrosis of the muscle fibers, hemorrhagic infiltration in the necrotic focus and interstitial hemorrhages, and sacoplasmatic vacuolization of muscle fibers preceeding the muscle necrosis.
Abstract: Os autores apresentam os resultados observados no estudo histopatologico de biopsia muscular em 16 pacientes com leptospirose. Os achados mais importantes foram a necrose focal da fibra muscular, a infiltracao hemorragica dos focos necroticos e da intersticio a raridade de reacao inflamatoria. Alem destes chamam atencao para a vacuolizacao sarcoplasmatvca acompanhada de tumefacao e perda da estriacao transversal da fibra muscular como alteracoes precoces, precedendo a lesao necrotica. Observaram ainda a basofilia sarcoplasmatica associada a hiperplasia nuclear subsarcolemica nas formas leves da doenca e naquelas de involucao demonstradas nas biopsias posteriores. Quanto as estruturas sarcovlasmaticas multinucleadas sugerem que estes elementos representem uma tentativa âe regeneracao da fibra musculair que em geral nao chega a termo, como puderam depreender do estudo das biopsias em fase evolutiva tardia da doenca; nesta fase tais estruturas sofrem modificacoes regressivas ate a fibrose. Concluindo, consideram as alteracoes musculares no seu conjunto, se, nao especificas, bastante caracteristicas e de grande valor no diagnostico da leptospirose.
TL;DR: In this paper, large pulsating water drops falling into xylene are studied in the steady and unsteady state, and simple standard photographic equipment is used to follow the motions.
31 Dec 1969
TL;DR: In this article, the authors discuss the production of ethnographic narratives in educational research and discuss the particularities of the anthropological point of view and the specifics of the collective writing of ethnographical texts, traditionally an individual activity.
Abstract: During 2011, we worked on research about the distribution of educational opportunities in the city of Rio de Janeiro. At first, the investigation was guided exclusively by sociological problems, and it was rebuilt methodologically when we proposed that all researchers involved in the application of questionnaires work in pairs and make ethnographic observations. This research was conducted in 51 residences in Rio de Janeiro. In this article, we will discuss the production of ethnographic narratives in educational research. Our foci are the particularities of the anthropological point of view and the specifics of the collective writing of ethnographical texts, traditionally an individual activity. We will describe the steps of the new methodology proposed and its main results: expanding the researchers’ capacity for relativizing, for understanding and valuing the natives’ point of view of the distribution of educational opportunities and for building an anthropological perspective of educational themes.
TL;DR: In this article, the author explores ethnic relations in Mesopotamia and syncretism in Sumerian religion in the light of political and religious conflicts, and divine democracy, and explores the relationship between ethnic relations and political conflicts.
Abstract: In this paper, the author explores ethnic relations in Mesopotamia and syncretism in Sumerian religion in the light of political and religious conflicts, and divine democracy.
31 Dec 1969
TL;DR: In una lectura critica de las pesquisas que buscan establecer la relacion entre trabajo and educación, aun estaria, influenciado por nociones ideologicas, el articulo cuestiona si, del punto de vista teorico y metodologico, proceder a determinados analisis, procede a determinado analisises teniendo como base conceptual aquella desarrollada por el “joven” Marx no estaria
Abstract: Se analizan los presupuestos teoricos de los estudios sobre trabajo y educacion que investigan esa tematica del punto de vista de la teoria marxista En una lectura critica de las pesquisas que buscan establecer la relacion entre trabajo y educacion, muchos estudios tienen el hombre como categoria central de analisis Sobre esa constatacion, Louis Althusser habla de un humanismo teorico O sea, una concepcion que se refiere a la fase antropologica de los primeros escritos de Marx, cuando el aun estaria, influenciado por nociones ideologicas El articulo cuestiona si, del punto de vista teorico y metodologico, proceder a determinados analisis teniendo como base conceptual aquella desarrollada por el “joven” Marx no estaria comprometiendo la comprension del propio objeto de estudio En ese sentido, el argumento central es lo de que la utilizacion de esa nocion puede causar problemas de orden teorica y metodologica para los analisis que tratan de la relacion entre trabajo y educacion
31 Dec 1969
TL;DR: In this article, the authors present a survey where the strategy of visual pedagogy in education for deaf students was used by teachers, an interpreter and a professional in urban cleaning, who worked at school and communicated in sign language with the students.
Abstract: The National Policy for inclusive education (MEC, 2008) proposes school inclusion for students with disabilities, global development disorders and high skills/giftedness. However, the inclusion of the deaf in school, with good results in learning, has been a great challenge. This article is a clipping from a survey where the strategy of visual pedagogy in education for deaf students was used. The teachers, an interpreter and a professional in urban cleaning, who worked at school and communicated in sign language with the students, were interviewed. The narratives here analyzed revealed ambiguities and tensions experienced by professionals who deal with inclusion in their daily lives.
TL;DR: These nucleolar changes were found more frequently in Pette-Doring than in Dawson and Van Bogaert types, being a strong argument favouring the viral aetiology of these diseases.
Abstract: Relato de minucioso estudo das alteracoes nucleares e nucleolares encontradas nas chamadas panencefalites subagudas esclerosantes dos tipos Dawson (4 casos) e de Van Bogaert (tres casos) e na panencefalite nodular de PettDoring (tres casos), sendo demonstrada nestes processos morbidos, pela primeira vez, a ocorrencia de fenomenos da anisonucleolinose com extrusao de nucleolinos. Este tipo de alteracao nucleolar foi encontrado mais frequentemente no tipo Pette-Doring que nos tipos Dawson e Van Bogaert, sendo mais um argumento em favor da etiologia viral destes processos.
31 Dec 1969
TL;DR: In a recent work as discussed by the authors, the authors observe a atuacao da diplomacia brasileira em situacoes em which se apresenta o dilema entre a defesa da democracia em âmbito internacional and o respeito ao principio da naointervencao nos assuntos internos de outros Estados, with o olhar direcionado for America Latina.
Abstract: O objetivo do artigo e observar a atuacao da diplomacia brasileira em situacoes em que se apresenta o dilema entre a defesa da democracia em âmbito internacional e o respeito ao principio da nao-intervencao nos assuntos internos de outros Estados, com o olhar direcionado para a America Latina. Primeiramente o artigo apresenta a incorporacao da clausula democratica em diferentes arranjos cooperativos multilaterais alem de um breve debate sobre o significado de democracia absorvido e defendido por essas instituicoes internacionais. Posteriormente, e analisado diferentes casos ocorridos de ruptura ou eminente ruptura da ordem democratica em paises da regiao nas decadas de 1990/2000 e as diferencas de postura adotadas pelo Brasil neste periodo.
31 Dec 1969
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present a case report of the situations faced by professionals working directly in field and the possible actions and repercussions of these occurrences analyzed under the ethical, moral, scientific and legal aspects.
Abstract: In the 21st Century, the delimitation of the bioethics and ethics limits in research involving human beings will be the main course of science, an open debate about such themes is going to be something essential. Among all bioethics issues, one that has been receiving major attention by the press and by the scientific community is the biopiracy. This article through a case report, here is a presentation of some aspects related to the situations faced by professionals working directly in field and the possible actions and repercussions of these occurrences analyzed under the ethical, moral, scientific and legal aspects. It also discusses how can the mistakes in data collection and the incorrect critical analysis on the ethnographic information made by reporters, as well as the uncritical use of information from researchers published in the news, can lead to serious consequences to individuals and communities in- volved, generating (mis)information. Biopiracy should be seriously struggled by legal authorities and local citizens; until Brazilian people don’t get conscious of its ethical citizenship, there will be a great risk of losing much more than the biodiversity of our country.