Showing papers by "Imperial Chemical Industries published in 1975"

Decorative sheet material

Abstract: A sheet material having a decorative surface and a working surface, for application to a support surface is disclosed, the working surface of which is provided with a continuous coating of tacky, pressure-sensitive, adhesive, which adhesive is provided with a coating of a discontinuous layer of resilient, non-adhesive particles. The coating of particles have the ability to be deformed under a load and thus, upon application to a support surface, deform, under pressure, to such an extent as to bring the adhesive and the surface into fuller contact.

Fibrillar product of electrostatically spun organic material

Abstract: A product comprising a mat of fibers prepared by electrostatically spinning an organic material and collecting the spun fibers on a suitable receiver.

Fibrillar lining for prosthetic device

Abstract: A lining for a prosthetic device such as an artificial internal organ comprises a mat of fibres prepared by electrostatically spinning an organic material and collecting the spun fibres on a receiver.

The inhibition of gastric acid secretion by epidermal growth factor.

Abstract: Le facteur de croissance epidermique (EGF) a ete isole a partir des glandes sous-maxillaires des souris. On a trouve que ce facteur est un inhibiteur de la secretion gastrique. Chez les chiens des doses aussi faibles que 0,1 μg/kg font baisser la secretion gastrique provoquee par divers stimulants.

Chlorinated C1 and C2 hydrocarbons in the marine environment.

Abstract: A range of chlorinated hydrocarbons derived from C$_{1}$ and C$_{2}$ hydrocarbons is manufactured industrially They are used as intermediates for further chemical manufacture and also outside the chemical industry as solvents or carriers In the latter category losses in use are eventually dispersed to the environment The distribution of some of these compounds, including chloroform, carbon tetrachloride, trichloroethylene, perchloroethylene and trichloroethane, in the environment (air, water and marine sediments) has been investigated and the results are presented The concentrations found have been compared with acute toxicity levels to fish and other aquatic organisms, ascertained by laboratory bioassay The occurrence of the compounds has been determined in a number of marine organisms, especially those at higher trophic levels, and the accumulation of some of them has been investigated in the laboratory Chemical and microbial degradation processes have been studied in the laboratory to help determine the course of their removal from the aqueous and aerial environment, and the half lives of some of the compounds have been estimated It is concluded that these compounds are not persistent in the environment, and that there is no significant bioaccumulation in marine food chains

Porous fluoropolymeric fibrous sheet and method of manufacture

Abstract: A method of preparing a porous sheet product which comprises the step of introducing a spinning liquid comprising an organic fibre forming polymeric material into an electric field whereby fibres are drawn from the liquid to an electrode and collecting the fibres so produced upon the electrode. PTFE and other fluorinated polymer mats produced by the electrostatic process are useful as electrolytic cell diaphragms, battery separators etc.

Plastics container manufacture

Abstract: An oriented plastics container, e.g. bottle, is heat set by holding an unheat set container against the heated walls of a split mould by means of gas under pressure, and thereafter cooling the container, e.g. by cooling the mould or by displacing said gas with a cooling liquid under pressure, and then removing the container from the mould. The liquid may be that to be packaged in the container.

The mechanism of action of the anthelmintic levamisole

Abstract: 1. 1. The small round worm Nippostrongylus brasiliensis is paralysed by the anthelmintic levamisole, but if the worms are left in the solution the paralysis passes off. This phenomenon was not observed with a series of other anthelmintics. 2. 2. A small percentage of Ascaris lumbricoides var suum also resume movement in levamisole; such worms do not exhibit the expected contraction when injected with the anthelmintics bephenium, methyridine and pyrantel. 3. 3. Since the autonomic blocking agents mecamylamine and pempidine block levamisole contractions in normal Ascaris, it is suggested that all four anthelmintics may act in a similar way.

Non-woven fabrics

Abstract: A thermally segmentally bonded non-woven fabric having an attractive pattern of irregular bonds and a process for preparing it using heated patterned calender rolls having thereon surface patterns of lands with depressions between, one consisting of continuous lands and the other of isolated projections arranged in a particular way so that lands which oppose each other in the nip overlap to different extents.

Laboratory studies with some older anticoccidials

Abstract: Features of the anticoccidial activity of nicarbazin, amprolium, zoalene, sulphadimidine, diaveridine, Darvisul, spiramycin, chloramphenicol and oxytetracycline have been re-investigated both in vivo and in cell culture using Eimeria tenella. Of the drugs studied, only spiramycin was appreciably coccidiocidal, although nicarbazin and amprolium showed possibly slower coccidiocidal activity. In order to show activity against a particular stage in the life-cycle, higher concentrations of drug than those usually recommended for field usage had in most cases to be used. Under these conditions, parasites were usually inhibited as multinucleate 1st generation schizonts. With delayed medication, effects against 2nd generation parasites were in most cases found, and in many cases, although the parasites never matured to give viable merozoites, the large degenerating forms produced were able to cause extensive tissue destruction and haemorrhage. Methodology in this type of study is discussed in relation to more active and more recent anticoccidials, and some further experiments with robenidine reported.

2,6-Diisopropylphenol as an anaesthetic agent

Abstract: Sterile pharmaceutical compositions for parenteral administration containing the compound 2,6-diisopropylphenol, and a method for producing anaesthesia in a warm-blooded animal by parenteral administration of said compound.

Gel permeation chromatography with crosslinked polystyrene gels and poor and theta solvents for polystyrene, 2. Separation mechanism

Abstract: For separations performed with crosslinked polystyrene gels, an interpretation is proposed for the displacement to high retention volume of plots of log hydrodynamic volume versus retention volume for polystyrene (PS) in poor and theta solvents, e.g. cyclohexane, trans-decalin, and N,N-dimethylformamide, with respect to plots for other polymers for which these same eluents are good solvents. PS separates by steric exclusion and by solute-gel interaction effects giving rise to partition and adsorption mechanisms. The retention volume VR is given by where V0 is the interstitial volume, Vi is the solvent volume within the gel, KD is the distribution coefficient for steric exclusion, and Kp is the distribution coefficient for solute-gel interaction effects. For polymers in good solvent media separating solely by steric exclusion, Kp is unity. For PS in poor and theta solvents, network-limited partition and network-limited adsorption mechanisms are proposed in which Kp is greater than unity. The hydrodynamic volume universal calibration method is applicable when Kp is greater than unity, provided the retention parameter is changed from VR to (VR–V0)/Kp. From the network-limited adsorption mechanism, a plot of log[(VR–V0)/Kp] versus polymer hydrodynamic radius yields the average pore size of the crosslinked polystyrene gel. Experiments are reported showing the dependence of Kp on gel porosity and on solvent power by varying the temperature of the eluent. Fur die mit vernetzten Polystyrol-Gelen ausgefuhrten Trennungen wird eine Interpretation der Verschiebung zu hoheren Elutionsvolumina bei der graphischen Darstellung des Logarithmus des hydrodynamischen Volumens gegen das Elutionsvolumen vorgeschlagen, die fur Polystyrol (PS) in schlechten und Theta-Losungsmitteln z. B. Cyclohexan, trans-Decalin und N,N-Dimethylformamid gefunden wird, in Bezug auf die Eichkurve fur andere Polymere, fur die die gleichen Elutionsmittel gute Losungsmittel sind. PS wird in diesen Fallen durch sterischen Ausschlus und durch Solut-Gel Wechselwirkungen, die Verteilungs- und Adsorptions-Effekte verursachen, getrennt. Das Elutionsvolumen VR wird durch beschrieben, in dem V0 das Zwischenraumvolumen, Vi das Losungsmittelvolumen innerhalb des Gels, KD der Verteilungskoeffizient fur den sterischen Ausschlus und Kp der Verteilungskoeffizient fur die Solut-Gel Wechselwirkungen ist. Fur Polymere in guten Losungsmitteln, die dann nur durch sterischen Ausschlus getrennt werden, ist Kp = 1. Fur PS in schlechten und Theta-Losungsmitteln werden Netzwerk-limitierte Verteilungsund Netzwerk-limitierte Adsorptions-Mechanismen vorgeschlagen; in diesen Fallen ist Kp > 1. Die universelle Kalibrierung uber das hydrodynamische Volumen ist anwendbar, wenn Kp > 1, vorausgesetzt, das der Elutions-Parameter VR in (VR − V0)/Kp, geandert wird. Nach dem Netzwerk-limitierten Adsorptions-Mechanismus ergibt eine Auftragung des Logarithmus [(VR − V0)/Kp] gegen den hydrodynamischen Radius des Polymeren die durchschnittliche Porengrose des vernetzten Polystyrol-Gels. Einige Untersuchungen werden beschrieben, die die Abhangigkeit des Verteilungskoeffizienten Kp von der Gelporositat und des durch Temperaturanderung des Elutionsmittels beeinflusten Losevermogens zeigen.

Metal extraction process

Abstract: Salicylaldoximes having a total of at least three alkyl carbon atoms contained in one or more nuclear substituents are used to extract metals from aqueous solutions of their salts as complex compounds soluble in water-immiscible organic solvents. The salicylaldoximes are prepared from the corresponding salicylaldehydes by reaction with hydroxylamine.

Method of encapsulating an insert in plastics material by injection molding

Abstract: Encapsulating an insert in plastics by injection moulding with one face of the insert bearing against the mould thus supporting the insert against movement during injection with subsequent relative movement between insert and the supporting mould face to allow the injected material to flow round that face of the insert.

Desensitization of Beta Adrenergic Receptors in Human Fibroblasts in Tissue Culture

Abstract: The ability of isoproterenol, epinephrine, norepinephrine, and salbutamol to desensitize the beta receptor-coupled cyclic 39,59-AMP response of human diploid fibroblasts in tissue culture correlates well with their activity as beta stimulants. Partial desensitization of the cells results in a marked fall in the maximal cyclic AMP response to isoproterenol: fully desensitized cells are totally unresponsive to isoproterenol. Recovery of beta adrenergic sensitivity is a slow process and is delayed by extremely low concentrations of isoproterenol (picomolar). Recovery is also inhibited by concentrations of puromycin, cycloheximide, and actinomycin D that inhibit protein or RNA synthesis.

The disposition and metabolism of I.C.I. 58,834 (viloxazine) in humans.

Abstract: 1. 2-(2 - Ethoxyphenoxymethyl) - 2,3,5,6 -tetrahydro - 1,4 - oxazine (I.C. I. 58,834)* in three 14C-labelled forms, given orally to two male volunteers, was completely absorbed, extensively metabolized and rapidly eliminated via the kidney.2. O-Dealkylation, the major metabolic pathway in the rat, was not significant in man.3. The major component in blood at all times was I.C.I. 58,834, which had a blood half-life of 4 h. The level of 14C in blood at 31 h was near the limit of detection.4. The observed activity of the drug appears to be due to the parent compound alone.

Production of calcium carbonate

Abstract: Calcium carbonate is manufactured by the carbonation of an aqueous suspension of calcium hydroxide in the presence of a complex-forming agent for calcium ions which is added subsequently to the primary nucleation stage, and preferably during a first carbonation stage Optionally there is also added a long-chain fatty acid or long-chain fatty acid salt, preferably after a final carbonation stage

Gel permeation chromatography with crosslinked polystyrene gels and poor and theta solvents for polystyrene, 1. Universal calibration for cyclohexane at 35°C

Abstract: Gel permeation chromatography calibrations for polystyrene (PS) standards, poly(dimethylsiloxane), (PDS) fractions, and polyisoprene, (PI) samples have been obtained with a combination of four columns packed with crosslinked polystyrene gels using chloroform and cyclohexane as eluents at 35°C. Chloroform is a good solvent for all three polymers which separate according to steric exclusion, since they follow the same plot of log hydrodynamic volume vs. retention volume VR. Cyclohexane is a theta solvent for PS, but a good solvent for the other two polymers. PDS and PI in cyclohexane follow the same plot of log hydrodynamic volume vs. VR, but the plot for PS in cyclohexane is displaced to high VR values, the displacement increasing as VR increases. PS in cyclohexane gel permeation chromatograms are broader than the PS in chloroform chromatograms, the additional broadening increasing as the PS molecular weight decreases, i. e. as VR increases. Both the additional retention and broadening are explained by solute-gel interactions, arising because PS prefers the polystyrene-like gel environment rather than the mobile phase which is a theta solvent. The dependence of solute-gel interactions, leading to partition and adsorption effects, on the polarity of the eluent is discussed. Gelchromatographische Eichkurven wurden mit Polystyrol(PS)-Proben, Polydimethylsiloxan(PDS)-Fraktionen und Polyisopren(PI)-Proben mit einer Kombination von vier mit vernetzten Polystyrol-Gelen gepackten Saulen ermittelt. Chloroform und Cyclohexan wurden a+s Elutionsmittel bei 35°C verwendet. Chloroform ist ein gutes Losungsmittel fur alle drei Polymere. In diesem Losungsmittel erfolgt die Trennung durch sterischen Ausschlus, da sie die gleiche Eichkurve bei der Darstellung des Logarithmus des hydrodynamischen Volumens gegen das Elutionsvolumen VR ergeben. Cyclohexan stellt ein Theta-Losungsmittel fur PS dar, ist aber fur die zwei anderen Polymeren ein gutes Losungsmittel. PDS und PI folgen in Cyclohexan derselben Eichkurve bei der Auftragung des Logarithmus des hydrodynamischen Volumens gegen VR, aber die Kurve fur PS in Cyclohexan ist gegen hohere VR-Werte verschoben. Der Unterschied wird mit zunehmendem VR groser. Gelchromatogramme von PS in Cyclohexan sind breiter als entsprechende Chromatogramme in Chloroform. Die zusatzliche Bandenverbreiterung wachst mit abnehmendem Molekulargewicht des Polystyrols, d.h. mit zunehmendem Elutionsvolumen. Sowohl die zusatzliche Verzogerung der Elution als auch die Bandenverbreiterung ist durch Solut-Gel Wechselwirkungen .zu erklaren, die dadurch auftreten, das PS die polystyrolgleiche Gel-Umgebung der flussigen Phase, die ein Theta-Losungsmittel ist, vorzieht. Die Abhangigkeit der Solut-Gel Wechselwirkungen, die Verteilungs- und Adsorptions-Effekte hervorrufen, von der Polaritat des Elutionsmittels wird diskutiert.

Dispersion of solids in organic solvents

Abstract: This invention is concerned with dispersions of solids in organic liquids containing polymeric or resinous dispersing agents. The fluidity of such dispersions is greatly improved by the presence in the dispersions of a substituted ammonium salt of a colored acid wherein there are between 16 and 60 carbon atoms contained in at least 3 chains attached to the N-atom of the substituted ammonium ion. The dispersions are particularly useful for the preparation of ink and paints.

Tertiary amines as catalysts in polyurethane manufacture

Abstract: A tertiary amine having the general formula: ##STR1## wherein X is the residue of an organic acid X(OH) n , n being the number of acidic groups present in the acid. The amines are useful as catalysts in the production of polyurethanes.

Two tank cleaning process using a contaminated cleaning mixture capable of forming an azeotrope

Abstract: Contaminated articles, especially printed circuit boards, are cleaned by immersing them in the sump compartment of a cleaning tank containing a boiling mixture of a halogenated hydrocarbon solvent, especially fluorochlorohydrocarbons containing two or three carbon atoms, having a high concentration of an organic solvent, especially isopropyl alcohol, followed by rinsing them in another boiling mixture containing a lower concentration of the organic solvent but at least equal to the organic solvent concentration of the azeotrope.

Method of making non-woven fabrics

Abstract: A thermally segmentally bonded non-woven fabric having an attractive pattern of irregular bonds and a process for preparing it using heated patterned calender rolls having thereon surface patterns of lands with depressions between, one consisting of continuous lands and the other of isolated projections arranged in a particular way so that lands which oppose each other in the nip overlap to different extents.

Infrared detection of polymers in gel permeation chromatography

Abstract: A gel permeation chromatograph equipped with an on-line Grubb-Parsons infrared spectrometer is described. The versatility, specificity, sensitivity, and limitations of such an infrared detector are discussed with particular reference to spectrometer specification, eluent absorbance, and solute absorbance. A stable baseline is produced when this detector is operated at high temperatures, e.g., for the separation of polyethylene in o-dichlorobenzene at 135°C. Individual functional groups in a chemically inhomogeneous solute, such as a copolymer, may be monitored by repeated injections of the solute, changing the wavelength setting between separations. This procedure is illustrated with AB poly(styrene-b-t-butyl methacrylate) block copolymer in trichloroethylene at 35°C.

Electrically-conductive fibres

Abstract: Finely divided, electrically-conductive particles are penetrated into an annular region located at the periphery of the sheath component of a drawn melt-spun sheath/core bicomponent fibre. The electrically conductive particles are present in an amount sufficient to render the fibre with an electrical resistance of less than 5×109 ohms/cm. The fibre exhibits durable anti-static properties.

Cyclohexane oxidation process

Abstract: Aliphatic or cycloaliphatic hydrocarbons (especially cyclyhexane) are oxidized in the liquid phase with an oxygen-containing gas at low conversion in a reactor comprising two contacting compartments allowing heat transfer from one to the other, the first operating at a higher pressure than the second into which the reaction mixture from the first is released so effecting cooling, partial evaporation of the excess hydrocarbon and concentration of the oxidation product

Processes for coating films

Abstract: Substrate layers comprising an acrylic or methacrylic copolymer or a copolyester on a polyester film support are coated with an aqueous latex or solution comprising an acrylic or methacrylic copolymer, an unhydrolyzed or partially hydrolyzed polymer or copolymer of vinyl acetate or a copolymer of vinylidene chloride together with a crosslinking component. The coated films may be used in a variety of end uses, including drafting films.