Institution
Indianapolis Zoo
Nonprofit•Indianapolis, Indiana, United States•
About: Indianapolis Zoo is a nonprofit organization based out in Indianapolis, Indiana, United States. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & African elephant. The organization has 34 authors who have published 59 publications receiving 2446 citations.
Topics: Population, African elephant, Lemur, Estrous cycle, Sperm
Papers published on a yearly basis
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TL;DR: The results provide the first analysis of the global conservation status and distribution patterns of reptiles and the threats affecting them, highlighting conservation priorities and knowledge gaps which need to be addressed urgently to ensure the continued survival of the world’s reptiles.
720 citations
01 Jan 2011
TL;DR: Shumaker and Walkup as discussed by the authors present a comprehensive synthesis of the studies produced through 2010, providing an updated and exact definition of tool use, identify new modes of use that have emerged in the literature, examine all forms of tool manufacture, and address common myths about non-human tool use.
Abstract: When published in 1980, Benjamin B. Beck's Animal Tool Behavior was the first volume to catalog and analyze the complete literature on tool use and manufacture in non-human animals. Beck showed that animals-from insects to primates-employed different types of tools to solve numerous problems. His work inspired and energized legions of researchers to study the use of tools by a wide variety of species. In this revised and updated edition of the landmark publication, Robert W. Shumaker and Kristina R. Walkup join Beck to reveal the current state of knowledge regarding animal tool behavior. Through a comprehensive synthesis of the studies produced through 2010, the authors provide an updated and exact definition of tool use, identify new modes of use that have emerged in the literature, examine all forms of tool manufacture, and address common myths about non-human tool use. Specific examples involving invertebrates, birds, fish, and mammals describe the differing levels of sophistication of tool use exhibited by animals.
426 citations
Simon Fraser University1, James Cook University2, Indianapolis Zoo3, Moss Landing Marine Laboratories4, South African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity5, National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research6, International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources7, University of California, Santa Barbara8, National Marine Fisheries Service9, Federal University of Ceará10, Linnaeus University11
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present the first global reassessment of 1,199 species in Class Chondrichthyes (sharks, rays, and chimeras) and conclude that overfishing is the universal threat affecting all 391 threatened species and is the sole threat for 67.3% of species and interacts with three other threats for the remaining third: loss and degradation of habitat (31.2% of threatened species), climate change (10.2%), and pollution (6.9%).
205 citations
Hunter College1, Lincoln Park Zoo2, University of Arizona3, University of Rhode Island4, Duke University5, Loyola University Chicago6, University of Wisconsin-Madison7, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology8, University of Lausanne9, University of the West Indies10, University of Cape Town11, University of New Mexico12, Indianapolis Zoo13, Krasnow Institute for Advanced Study14, Indiana University15
TL;DR: Water measurements of total energy expenditure in humans, chimpanzees, bonobos, gorillas and orangutans are used to test the hypothesis that the human lineage has experienced an acceleration in metabolic rate, providing energy for larger brains and faster reproduction without sacrificing maintenance and longevity.
Abstract: Humans are distinguished from the other living apes in having larger brains and an unusual life history that combines high reproductive output with slow childhood growth and exceptional longevity. This suite of derived traits suggests major changes in energy expenditure and allocation in the human lineage, but direct measures of human and ape metabolism are needed to compare evolved energy strategies among hominoids. Here we used doubly labelled water measurements of total energy expenditure (TEE; kcal day(-1)) in humans, chimpanzees, bonobos, gorillas and orangutans to test the hypothesis that the human lineage has experienced an acceleration in metabolic rate, providing energy for larger brains and faster reproduction without sacrificing maintenance and longevity. In multivariate regressions including body size and physical activity, human TEE exceeded that of chimpanzees and bonobos, gorillas and orangutans by approximately 400, 635 and 820 kcal day(-1), respectively, readily accommodating the cost of humans' greater brain size and reproductive output. Much of the increase in TEE is attributable to humans' greater basal metabolic rate (kcal day(-1)), indicating increased organ metabolic activity. Humans also had the greatest body fat percentage. An increased metabolic rate, along with changes in energy allocation, was crucial in the evolution of human brain size and life history.
191 citations
TL;DR: Results suggest that controlling the weight of an elephant might be a first step to helping mitigate estrous cycle problems, and whether acyclicity is strictly a captivity-related phenomenon is needed.
Abstract: Nearly one-third of reproductive age African elephants in North America that are hormonally monitored fail to exhibit estrous cycle activity, which exacerbates the nonsustainability of the captive population. Three surveys were distributed to facilities housing female African elephants to determine how social and environmental variables contribute to cyclicity problems. Forty-six facilities returned all three surveys providing information on 90% of the SSP population and 106 elephants (64 cycling, 27 noncycling and 15 undetermined). Logistic analyses found that some physiological and social history variables were related to ovarian acyclicity. Females more likely to be acyclic had a larger body mass index and had resided longer at a facility with the same herdmates. Results suggest that controlling the weight of an elephant might be a first step to helping mitigate estrous cycle problems. Data further show that transferring females among facilities has no major impact on ovarian activity. Last, social status appears to impact cyclicity status; at 19 of 21 facilities that housed both cycling and noncycling elephants, the dominant female was acyclic. Further studies on how social and environmental dynamics affect hormone levels in free-living, cycling elephants are needed to determine whether acyclicity is strictly a captivity-related phenomenon.
111 citations
Authors
Showing all 34 results
| Name | H-index | Papers | Citations |
|---|---|---|---|
| Richard Shine | 115 | 1096 | 56544 |
| Robert W. Shumaker | 17 | 29 | 2002 |
| Ruchira Somaweera | 16 | 48 | 1407 |
| Jan Ramer | 12 | 29 | 939 |
| R. Pollom | 10 | 15 | 422 |
| Deborah Olson | 7 | 7 | 342 |
| Jan C. Ramer | 7 | 7 | 130 |
| Jeffry S. Proudfoot | 6 | 11 | 107 |
| Lynne M. Villers | 5 | 6 | 150 |
| Cheryl Lent | 5 | 5 | 149 |
| Christopher Flynn Martin | 5 | 8 | 105 |
| John A. Griffioen | 3 | 5 | 18 |
| Michelle R. Bowman | 3 | 7 | 42 |
| Jeffrey S. Peterson | 3 | 3 | 87 |
| Jennifer Waldoch | 3 | 3 | 27 |