Showing papers by "Instituto Tecnológico Autónomo de México published in 2022"
01 Jan 2022
TL;DR: Two new parameter identifiers whose estimates converge in finite time under weak interval excitation assumptions are presented, in contrast with other finite-convergence time estimators, that preserve the FCT property when the parameters change.
Abstract: In this letter note we present two new parameter identifiers whose estimates converge in finite time under weak interval excitation assumptions. The main novelty is that, in contrast with other finite-convergence time (FCT) estimators, our schemes preserve the FCT property when the parameters change. The previous versions of our FCT estimators can track the parameter variations only asymptotically. Continuous-time and discrete-time versions of the new estimators are presented.
13 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors investigate whether delays in death reports affect individuals' beliefs and behavior, and show that reporting delays lead to slower individual responses, and consequently, worse epidemic outcomes.
11 citations
TL;DR: In this paper , the authors elicit subjective probability distributions from business executives about their own-firm outcomes at a one-year look-ahead horizon, eliciting support points and probabilities in five-point distributions over future sales growth, employment, and investment.
10 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors present a systematic review aiming to describe, classify, and organize recent advances in intelligent assistant (IA) and characterize IAs, analyze how IAs have been evaluated, and identify what artificial intelligence and machine learning techniques are used to enable the intelligence of IAs.
9 citations
TL;DR: This article found that managers are not overoptimistic: sales growth forecasts on average do not exceed realizations, and over-precise: they underestimate future sales growth volatility, leading to overreaction to firm-level shocks and overspend on adjustment costs, destroying 2.1% to 6.8% of the typical firm value.
8 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors propose a new algorithm that estimates on-line the parameters of a classical vector linear regression equation Y = Ω θ, where Y ∈ R n, Ω ∈ r n × q are bounded, measurable signals and θ ∈ ρ ∈ q is a constant vector of unknown parameters, even when the regressor Ω is not persistently exciting.
6 citations
TL;DR: In this article , the authors conducted a field experiment in Mexico that informed voters about malfeasant mayoral spending before municipal elections, to test whether these Bayesian predictions apply in a developing context where many voters are poorly informed.
Abstract: Abstract Effective policy-making requires that voters avoid electing malfeasant politicians. However, informing voters of incumbent malfeasance in corrupt contexts may not reduce incumbent support. As our simple learning model shows, electoral sanctioning is limited where voters already believed incumbents to be malfeasant, while information’s effect on turnout is non-monotonic in the magnitude of reported malfeasance. We conducted a field experiment in Mexico that informed voters about malfeasant mayoral spending before municipal elections, to test whether these Bayesian predictions apply in a developing context where many voters are poorly informed. Consistent with voter learning, the intervention increased incumbent vote share where voters possessed unfavorable prior beliefs and when audit reports caused voters to favorably update their posterior beliefs about the incumbent’s malfeasance. Furthermore, we find that low and, especially, high malfeasance revelations increased turnout, while less surprising information reduced turnout. These results suggest that improved governance requires greater transparency and citizen expectations.
5 citations
TL;DR: This article examined the effects of extreme precipitations on cognitive and health outcomes and showed that impacts can be detected as early as 2.5 to 6 years of age, indicating that if not addressed promptly and with targeted policies, cognitive functioning delays may not be easily recovered.
3 citations
TL;DR: This article used a large-scale randomized experiment (across 1,198 public primary schools in Mexico) to study the impact of providing schools directly with high-quality managerial training by professional trainers vis-a-vis through a cascade-style "train the trainer" model.
2 citations
01 Jan 2022
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors provide the first nonlinear analysis of the industry standard partial decoupling plus nested PI loops control of voltage sourced inverters, which is based on the Lure-like representation of the closed-loop dynamics.
Abstract: This note provides the first nonlinear analysis of the industry standard “partial decoupling plus nested PI loops” control of voltage sourced inverters. In spite of its enormous popularity, to date only linearization-based tools are available to carry out the analysis, which are unable to deal with large-signal stability and fail to provide estimates of the domain of attraction of the desired equilibrium. Instrumental to establish our result is the representation of the closed-loop dynamics in a suitable Lure-like representation, that is, a forward system in closed-loop with a static nonlinearity. The stability analysis is then done by generating an adequate Popov multiplier. Comparison with respect to linearization is discussed together with numerical results demonstrating non-conservativeness of the proposed conditions.
1 citations
21 Mar 2022
TL;DR: The authors argue that the consensus view that one must never level down to equality gives rise to a dilemma, which is best understood by examining two parallel cases of leveling down: one drawn from the economic domain, the other from the political.
Abstract: I argue that the consensus view that one must never level down to equality gives rise to a dilemma. This dilemma is best understood by examining two parallel cases of leveling down: one drawn from the economic domain, the other from the political. In the economic case, both egalitarians and non-egalitarians have resisted the idea of leveling down wages to equality. With no incentives for some people to work hard social productivity will likely decline, further lowering people's wages and thus leaving everybody all-things-considered worse off as a result—hence “never level down.” On the other hand, however, the argument against leveling down does not appear to pass muster in the political sphere: denying political equality in the form of “one person, one vote” (OPOV), for example, by giving a higher share of voting power to people with, say, more education seems straightforwardly objectionable, even if such a voting scheme would improve the outcomes of all people, including those who are ultimately left with fewer votes. Thus, a fundamental tension arises: we can either endorse the widely-affirmed “never-level-down” thesis, which says that sacrificing people's well-being exclusively for the sake of promoting equality can never be the right thing to do, or we can endorse the principle of “one person, one vote.” But we cannot do both. I defend this dilemma against a view I call the compatibility view: roughly, that because OPOV is strictly necessary to advance some weighty, non-egalitarian interest people have, accepting OPOV as a principle of justice is compatible with one's rejection of leveling down.
TL;DR: In this paper , the problem of adaptive state observation of affine-in-the-states time-varying systems with delayed measurements and unknown parameters is addressed, and the results proposed in the [Bobtsov et al. 2019] and [Ortega et. 2021c] are considered.
Abstract: In this paper we address the problem of adaptive state observation of affine-in-the-states time-varying systems with delayed measurements and unknown parameters. The development of the results proposed in the [Bobtsov et al. 2021a] and in the [Bobtsov et al. 2021c] is considered. The case with known parameters has been studied by many researchers—see [Sanz et al. 2019, Bobtsov et al. 2021b] and references therein—where, similarly to the approach adopted here, the system is treated as a linear time-varying system. We show that the parameter estimation-based observer (PEBO) design proposed in [Ortega et al. 2015, 2021] provides a very simple solution for the unknown parameter case. Moreover, when PEBO is combined with the dynamic regressor extension and mixing (DREM) estimation technique [Aranovskiy et al. 2016, Ortega et al. 2019], the estimated state converges in fixed-time with extremely weak excitation assumptions.
01 Jan 2022
TL;DR: In this article , the authors develop a model of the politics of state capacity building undertaken by incumbent parties that have a comparative advantage in clientelism rather than in public goods provision, and provide empirical support for the model's implications by studying policy decisions by the Institutional Revolutionary Party that affected local state capacity across Mexican municipalities and over time.
Abstract: Abstract We develop a model of the politics of state capacity building undertaken by incumbent parties that have a comparative advantage in clientelism rather than in public goods provision. The model predicts that, when challenged by opponents, clientelistic incumbents have the incentive to prevent investments in state capacity. We provide empirical support for the model’s implications by studying policy decisions by the Institutional Revolutionary Party that affected local state capacity across Mexican municipalities and over time. Our difference-in-differences and instrumental variable identification strategies exploit a national shock that threatened the Mexican government’s hegemony in the early 1960s.
TL;DR: In this paper, a model was proposed to investigate the effect of Standard Lightning Impulses at voltages below the Basic Insulation Level (BIL) on winding geometry, based on the extraction of resistances, inductances, capacitances and conductance using Finite Element Method (FEM) and the resultant structural movement.
TL;DR: In this paper, it was shown that the closure of the numerical range of an n + 1 -periodic tridiagonal operator is equal to the closed range of a 2(n + 1 ) × 2 (n+ 1 ) complex matrix.
01 Jun 2022
31 Dec 2022
10 Jan 2022
TL;DR: The origins, role, and structure of the Argentine constitution, consisting of the text but also some interpretations of, and expectations around it, are discussed in this paper , where they are divided into three parts: the first part delves into the origins of constitutionalism in Argentina, the second part analyses the constitution's role in political life, and the third part is devoted to the main building blocks.
Abstract: This chapter provides an introduction to the origins, role, and structure of the Argentine constitution, consisting of the text but also some interpretations of, and expectations around, it. It is divided into three parts. The first delves into the origins of constitutionalism in Argentina. It reviews previous attempts at stabilizing political life through constitutional law, and discusses the process leading to the 1853 constitution as well as the constitution’s underlying philosophy, ideational origins, main tenets, and reception. The second part analyses the constitution’s role in political life, and reviews the amendments made to it. The final part is devoted to the constitution’s main building blocks. It focuses on the structure of the political branches, the territorial organization of power, the judiciary, and constitutional rights.
26 Apr 2022
TL;DR: In this article , a multivariate P\'olya tree on the unit hypersphere is used to define a new Bayesian nonparametric model for directional data, and the authors study the properties of the proposed model and in particular, concentrate on the implied conditional distributions of some directions given the others to define the directional-directional regression model.
Abstract: Projected distributions have proved to be useful in the study of circular and directional data. Although any multivariate distribution can be used to produce a projected model, these distributions are typically parametric. In this article we consider a multivariate P\'olya tree on $R^k$ and project it to the unit hypersphere $S^k$ to define a new Bayesian nonparametric model for directional data. We study the properties of the proposed model and in particular, concentrate on the implied conditional distributions of some directions given the others to define a directional-directional regression model. We also define a multivariate linear regression model with P\'olya tree error and project it to define a linear-directional regression model. We obtain the posterior characterisation of all models and show their performance with simulated and real datasets.
25 Jul 2022
TL;DR: Asociación Público-Privadas (APPs) as mentioned in this paper ) represent a mecanismo for construcción, gestión, and administración de bienes de uso públique, como lo son the grandes corredores viales.
Abstract: Las Asociaciones Público-Privadas (Asociaciones Público Privadas (APPs) son un mecanismo por el cual se realizó en Colombia la creación de un marco legal que permite y promueve la inversión y participación de los particulares, para la construcción, gestión y administración de bienes de uso público como lo son los grandes corredores viales, y toda infraestructura relacionada con la prestación de servicios públicos. Por tanto, es importante considerar la naturaleza, y evolución jurídica de los riesgos. Con este objeto se acudirá a elementos normativos, tales como: los antecedentes legales, jurisprudenciales y de análisis doctrinal, necesarios para tipificar, estimar y asignar los riesgos en los proyectos que se llevan a cabo bajo el esquema Asociaciones Público Privadas (APPs).
30 Dec 2022
TL;DR: In this article , the legal framework for the classification of various entities (both commercial and non-commercial) as corporations with social or environmental impact in Mexico is described, and several recommendations for companies to become certified as enterprises with a commitment to social interest are put forward.
Abstract: Abstract This chapter describes the legal framework for the classification of various entities (both commercial and non-commercial) as corporations with social or environmental impact in Mexico. Considering the absence of ad hoc legislation and the widespread incentives for companies to become certified as enterprises with a commitment to social interest, several recommendations are put forward. Specifically, this chapter details how a legal regime could be integrated into the country’s current regulatory environment to increase the number of firms eligible for B Lab certification.
10 Jan 2022
TL;DR: The main components of the Mexican constitutional system have been discussed in this article , including the bill of rights, the division of powers, the federal system, the amendment dynamics, and the system of constitutional review.
Abstract: This chapter discusses the main components of the Mexican constitutional system. Constitutionalism and democracy in the country have been fragile and often compromised by economic deprivation, inequality, as well as public and private violence. The 1917 Constitution contains inspiring language and clauses with great transformative potential, but it has been massively amended at the will of political elites, and its current obscurity and length obstruct its legal functions. The chapter presents a description of this long, complex, and ever-changing constitution, featuring its capacious bill of rights; the division of powers provisions; the federal system; the amendment dynamics; and the system of constitutional review, closing with a brief survey of constitutional scholarship.
01 Jan 2022
19 Jan 2022
TL;DR: In this article , Mexico's economic development is analyzed based on recent data and measuring diverse factors reflecting such complex phenomenon, and it is argued that the best explanatory variable for the country's standard of life is the economic growth since it improves the well-being of all population.
Abstract: Mexico’s economic development will be analyzed based on recent data and measuring diverse factors reflecting such complex phenomenon. First, we will study the evolution of the standard of live focusing on the income generation capabilities of its population. Then it will be argued that the best explanatory variable for the country’s standard of life is the economic growth since it improves the well-being of all population. Consequently the third topic addressed will be the current state of income distribution, allowing us to analyze the country’s disparities regarding well-being. Finally, we will investigate the current state of poverty in Mexico as one of the factors summarizing economic growth and as the result of the development of the previous factors.
11 Aug 2022
TL;DR: In this article , Arenas de Mesa et al. present a review of the sistemas de pensiones en América Latina: institucionalidad, gastopúblico, and sostenibilidad financiera.
Abstract: Los sistemas de pensiones en América Latina: institucionalidad, gastopúblico y sostenibilidad financiera en tiempos del COVID-19 [Pension systems in Latin America: institutional framework, public spending and financial sustainability in times of COVID-19] By Alberto Arenas de Mesa. CEPAL, Santiago, Chile, 65 pages, 2020.
TL;DR: In this article, the temporal linear stability of Poiseuille flow in an infinite pipe of uniform elliptic cross-section with a compliant wall is numerically investigated in a broad range of the problem parameters.