Showing papers by "International Food Policy Research Institute published in 1988"
TL;DR: The impact of sector-specific (direct) and economywide (indirect) policies on agricultural incentives for 18 developing countries for the period 1975-84 are estimated in this paper.
Abstract: The impact of sector-specific (direct) and economywide (indirect) policies on agricultural incentives for 18 developing countries for the period 1975-84 are estimated. The direct effect is measured by the proportional difference between the producer price and the border price (adjusting for distribution, storage, transport, and other marketing costs). The indirect effect has two components : 1) the impact of the unsustainable portion of the current account deficit and of industrial protection policies on the real exchange rate and thus on the price of agricultural commodities relative to nonagricultural nontradables; and 2) the impact of industrial protection policies on the relative price of agricultural commodities to that of nonagricultural tradable goods. The authors found that : a) in almost all cases the direct effect is equivalent to a tax on exportable goods, and to a subsidy for importables; b) the indirect effect also taxes agriculture and dominates the direct effect; and c) the direct policies for both importables and exportables stabilize domestic producer prices.
587 citations
TL;DR: This paper examined strategies used by rural households in the Sahelian and Sudanian zones of Burkina Faso to ensure food security in the face of drought-induced cropping shortfalls.
283 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the Heckman procedure is used to correct for sample selection bias in estimating wage offer and net labor market supply equations, and the authors show that wages are affected by education and experience.
252 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the opportunity cost of time for husbands and wives can affect the intra-household distribution of food in a developing country and the relative allocation of calories within households were estimated for husbands, wives, and children with data for the rural Philippines.
Abstract: This study shows that the opportunity cost of time for husbands and wives can affect the intrahousehold distribution of food in a developing country. Equations which explain the relative allocation of calories within households were estimated for husbands, wives, and children with data for the rural Philippines. The estimating equation is derivable from both a joint household utility function and a bargaining model. Because the same households were included in the four survey rounds, the various observations for a given individual were averaged for each variable in the estimation procedure. Wages were estimated using the Heckman approach.
112 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the effects of technological change in agriculture to production and income effects, and to consumption and nutritional effects were investigated in the Gambia, where the authors found that technological change effects mediated through income are traced to increased food consumption (calories) at the household level where it is found to significantly improve children's nutritional status, especially in the rainy season.
92 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a formalized and poverty-oriented agricultural research design system is proposed for agricultural research in sub-Saharan Africa, and guidelines for such policy are indicated; within these, a formalised and povertyoriented AR design system are suggested.
62 citations
TL;DR: The major structural imbalance in the current global food scene offers opportunity for substantial progress in assuring food security in both the long and short run as discussed by the authors, and to avail of this opportunity requires an understanding of the close connection between food supplies and purchasing power to purchase food.
42 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors evaluated the effects of shifting from maize to sugarcane production on household-level food security and found that household food security is not jeopardized by the entry into commercial agriculture.
28 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the role of household food stocks in influencing patterns of seasonal labor demand by small farmers in Chipata District of Zambia, and in shaping their production profile more generally, was examined.
26 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors highlight the need for structural adjustment programs that help set the stage for renewed economic growth and are sensitive to the well-being of the poor and argue for the use of food aid to support that strategy and as a means to protect the poor from the hardships inflicted by adjustment programmes.
21 citations
TL;DR: In 1987, Pakistan removed a partially targeted but inefficient subsidy of flour available through ration shops and instituted a general subsidy on wheat as mentioned in this paper, and the rationale for the policy change and the steps taken by the government to minimize adverse public reaction.
TL;DR: In this paper, the structural changes in residential electricity demand parameters and explain the causes for such changes are investigated and a dynamic model is specified and estimated using pooled time-series and cross-section (state-level) data for the USA.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors reviewed the rationale of price stabilization, established the importance of price stabilisation for food security, examined the nature and extent of fluctuations in rice prices, and developed an approach to stabilize rice prices in Bangladesh.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors apply the optimal policies to simple price band/buffer stock policies in order to design a simple yet efficient policy to stabilize consumption and minimize imports at low cost.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors investigated the effect of increased foreign borrowing in the empirical context of the Philippines, using a multi-sectoral, general equilibrium model, on the comparative static repercussions of domestic spending of externally borrowed funds and on the resource allocation effects of the appreciation of the Philippine peso induced by the expanded supply of foreign exchange.
Abstract: This Paper investigates the economy-wide effects of increased foreign borrowing in the empirical context of the Philippines, using a multi-sectoral, general equilibrium model. The focus of the analysis is on the comparative static repercussions of the domestic spending of externally borrowed funds and on the resource allocation effects of the appreciation of the Philippine peso induced by the expanded supply of foreign exchange. The results of model simulation indicate, among other findings, a relatively small impact on national income, with rural income increasing by much less than urban income. [430]
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors discuss results of research in Kenya which suggest some positive impacts of commercial agriculture on household income and energy consumption, and suggest that the commercialization of agriculture is the cornerstone of economic development in many developing countries.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors present an alternative strategy that uses food aid to support agricultural employment and growth in production in rural areas in the face of rising prices and unemployment in Zambia.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors outline some possible uses for food aid to alleviate the seemingly insurmountable constraints of an unexpandable land base in the context of high rates of farm tenancy and population growth, a foreign debt whose interest alone consumes nearly 40% of foreign exchange earnings, a fragile political and legal system, and a widely dispersed rural insurgency.
TL;DR: In this paper, food aid for market sale should fill the gap between rapidly growing demand fueled by population and income growth and a supply composed of slowly growing production and difficult commercial imports.
TL;DR: The economic reforms in Sri Lanka were aimed at liberalizing the economy and increasing domestic savings; they resulted in reductions in welfare expenditures, particularly related to food subsidies, which has resulted in lower calorie consumption by these households and some apparent worsening of child malnutrition.