Justice Institute of British Columbia

About: Justice Institute of British Columbia is a based out in . It is known for research contribution in the topics: Poison control & Mental health. The organization has 52 authors who have published 74 publications receiving 1729 citations.

The Gatekeepers: A Multivariate Study of Accepted and Rejected Adult Education Research Conference Abstracts (1978-80)

Abstract: This study, part of an emerging meta-research tradition in adult education, examined characteristics of and variables associated with the acceptance of abstracts submitted to the Adult Education Research Conference in 1978, 1979, and 1980. A 41-item instrument was used to assess "internal" characteristics concerned with the content, the research processes, and the "composition" of the abstract. Expert judges attested to the content validity of the instrument. For test-retest purposes, 97 abstracts were coded twice and 20 coded three times to yield a mean item stability-across-time coefficient of r = .68. Five judges coded nine randomly selected abstracts to establish inter-judge reliability. There was a high degree of agreement among judges and between the researcher and the judges. The instrument was used to code 329 accepted and rejected A.E.R.C. abstracts on 39 variables. To identify configurations of variables associated with acceptance, those with significant t-values were entered into discriminant f...

Crisis Intervention: The Police Response to Vulnerable Individuals:

Abstract: Police agencies require a specialised response when dealing with individuals who are vulnerable owing to their emotional, mental or physical state. During their time of crisis, these individuals may be irrational and violent due to factors that include suicidal ideation, psychosis, emotional upheaval and the influence of a substance. In a significant number of these cases the police response has resulted in the wounding or death of the vulnerable individual. As a result, police officers require a comprehensive strategy that will provide an emotionally charged individual an opportunity to calm down or, an individual in a drug/alcohol-induced state an opportunity to regain perspective. By way of specialised training, tactics and less-lethal weaponry the police may be able to facilitate a successful intervention to an otherwise tragic event. A recent study of roughly 850 police shooting incidents in the United States and Canada (Parent, 2004) revealed the high number of shootings that were attributed to incidents of ‘crisis intervention’. In roughly one third of the cases examined (n = 273), police officers reacted to a perceived lethal threat involving individuals rendered vulnerable by factors that included suicidal ideation, mental illness, emotional stress and the influence of a substance. In 94% of the police shootings in the USA and in 92% of the Canadian shootings, the police response presumed normality and rationality on the part of the victim. Unfortunately, this false presumption of the police often resulted in the wounding or death of the vulnerable individual. These cases were typically the focus of media attention, controversy and subsequent civil proceedings. Research has shown that a police shooting is more likely to occur during situations that are characterised by ambiguity and surprise (Fridell & Binder, 1992). Police officers using deadly force were less likely to know the victim and were also less likely to make an accurate judgement of the victim’s emotional state. Significantly, the ‘information exchange’ phase of an

On-road Evaluation: Its Use for the Identification of Impairment and Remediation of Older Drivers

Abstract: On-road assessment is an essential component of a comprehensive older driver evaluation. However, based on a systematic review of the older driver literature, it appears that the importance of specific elements within an on-road assessment differs depending on the following intended purpose of the evaluation: (a) the detection of impaired drivers; or (b) driver retraining. Moreover, driving rehabilitation specialists identify additional components as important. Directions for future research include the design of an on-road evaluation protocol that incorporates retraining as an integral part of the evaluation process. Through this approach, it may become clear which driving behaviors are amenable to retraining.

A comparison of intubation success for paediatric transport team paramedics using lighted vs regular tracheal tube stylets

Abstract: We conducted a prospective randomized study of success rate and time to intubation using Trachlight and Surch-Lite lighted stylets versus a regular tracheal tube stylet, in a training setting. Participants, 18 paediatric transport paramedics, performed two intubations with each of the three devices, using an airway management trainer. There was no significant difference in mean time for intubation between the three devices. The times for external confirmation of correct tube placement were comparable using the two lighted stylets. External confirmation of the tube placement using the lighted stylets was quicker than laryngoscopic visualization. In darkness, with a nonfunctioning laryngoscope, intubations were successfully performed 100% of the time with the lighted stylet, but only 11% of the time with the regular stylet. All paramedics felt that a lighted stylet would be a useful airway management adjunct for the transport environment for complicated intubations or for use in very high or low levels of ambient light.