Showing papers by "Miami University published in 2023"
TL;DR: In this article , the authors collected chromatin and RNA from lens epithelial explants for ATAC-sequencing and RNA for RNA sequencing and quantitatively measured gene expression, respectively.
Abstract: Lens epithelial explants are comprised of lens epithelial cells cultured in vitro on their native basement membrane, the lens capsule. Biologists have used lens epithelial explants to study many different cellular processes including lens fiber cell differentiation. In these studies, fiber differentiation is typically measured by cellular elongation and the expression of a few proteins characteristically expressed by lens fiber cells in situ. Chromatin and RNA was collected from lens epithelial explants cultured in either un-supplemented media or media containing 50% bovine vitreous humor for one or five days. Chromatin for ATAC-sequencing and RNA for RNA-sequencing was prepared from explants to assess regions of accessible chromatin and to quantitatively measure gene expression, respectively. Vitreous humor increased chromatin accessibility in promoter regions of genes associated with fiber differentiation and, surprisingly, an immune response, and this was associated with increased transcript levels for these genes. In contrast, vitreous had little effect on the accessibility of the genes highly expressed in the lens epithelium despite dramatic reductions in their mRNA transcripts. An unbiased analysis of differentially accessible regions revealed an enrichment of cis-regulatory motifs for RUNX, SOX and TEAD transcription factors that may drive differential gene expression in response to vitreous.
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TL;DR: In this article , site-directed spin labeling with a nitroxide label at introduced cysteine residues is used to corroborate existing topological data from a crosslinking study of the multimerized holin by EPR spectroscopy.
Abstract: The S protein from bacteriophage lambda is a three-helix transmembrane protein produced by the prophage which accumulates in the host membrane during late gene expression. It is responsible for the first step in lysing the host cell at the end of the viral life cycle by multimerizing together to form large pores which permeabilize the host membrane to allow the escape of virions. Several previous studies have established a model for the assembly of holin into functional holes and the manner in which they pack together, but it is still not fully understood how the very rapid transition from monomer or dimer to multimeric pore occurs with such precise timing once the requisite threshold is reached. Here, site-directed spin labeling with a nitroxide label at introduced cysteine residues is used to corroborate existing topological data from a crosslinking study of the multimerized holin by EPR spectroscopy. CW-EPR spectral lineshape analysis and power saturation data are consistent with a three-helix topology with an unstructured C-terminal domain, as well as at least one interface on transmembrane domain 1 which is exposed to the lumen of the hole, and a highly constrained steric environment suggestive of a tight helical packing interface at transmembrane domain 2.
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TL;DR: The authors showed that female mice tolerate higher concentrations of quinine in ethanol than males and are more resistant to footshock punishment than males when compared with a fixed-ratio three schedule.
Abstract: One characteristic of alcohol use disorder is compulsive drinking or drinking despite negative consequences. When quinine is used to model such aversion-resistant drinking, female rodents typically are more resistant to punishment than males. Using an operant response task where C57BL/6J responded for ethanol mixed with quinine, we previously demonstrated that female mice tolerate higher concentrations of quinine in ethanol than males. Here, we aimed to determine whether this female vulnerability to aversion-resistant drinking behavior is similarly observed with footshock punishment.Male and female C57BL/6J mice were trained to respond for 10% ethanol in an operant task on a fixed-ratio three schedule. After consistent responding, mice were tested in a punishment session using either a 0.25 mA or 0.35 milliamp (mA) footshock. To assess footshock sensitivity, a subset of mice underwent a flinch, jump, and vocalize test in which behavioral responses to increasing amplitudes of footshock (0.05 to 0.95 mA) were assessed. In a separate cohort of mice, males and females were trained to respond for 2.5% sucrose and responses were punished using a 0.25 mA footshock.Males and females continued to respond for 10% ethanol when paired with a 0.25 mA footshock. Females alone continued to respond for ethanol when a 0.35 mA footshock was delivered. Both males and females reduced responding for 2.5% sucrose when punished with a 0.25 mA footshock. Footshock sensitivity in the flinch, jump, and vocalize test did not differ by sex.Females continue to respond for 10% ethanol despite a 0.35 mA footshock, and this behavior is not due to differences in footshock sensitivity between males and females. These results show that female C57BL/6J mice are generally more resistant to punishment in an operant self-administration paradigm. The findings add to the literature characterizing aversion-resistant alcohol-drinking behaviors in females.
1 citations
TL;DR: In this article , the authors divide the image monitoring applications into two categories: (i) images with deterministic features and (ii) image with stochastic features, and introduce representative methods in the two categories and discuss their potential to solve the problems in image monitoring.
Abstract: Rapid advances in imaging technology have made it possible to collect large amounts of image data in a cost-effective manner. As a result, images are widely adopted for quality control purposes in the manufacturing industry. In image-based quality control, images from a production process are collected over time, and the information such as product geometry or surface finish extracted from these images is used to determine whether the manufactured products satisfy the quality requirements. This is a challenging high-velocity high-volume big data problem. First, image streams normally generate image data at a high rate, so it is imperative to process each image quickly. Second, images often have complicated spatial structures such as edges and singularities, which render many traditional process monitoring methods inapplicable. Third, a typical image contains tens of thousands of pixels, so the data is high-dimensional. It has been shown in the literature that conventional multivariate control charts have limited power of detecting process shifts when the data dimension is high. In this expository article, we divide the image monitoring applications into two categories: (i) images with deterministic features and (ii) images with stochastic features. We introduce representative methods in the two categories and discuss their potential to solve the problems in image monitoring. Some recent research in color image monitoring is discussed as well. Suggestions for future research and possible applications of image monitoring methods beyond industrial quality control are given in the end.
01 Jan 2023
TL;DR: In this article , the transfer of perceptual learning between first-and second-order systems was examined in fine orientation discrimination tasks, and it was shown that observers trained with luminance-modulated (LM) orientation improved rapidly in CM task and vice versa, while the performance of untrained observers tended to stay low.
Abstract: FirsT- and second-order systems have been proposed to explain visual information processing. With regard to the communications between the two systems, mixed results have been shown. The transfer of perceptual learning between first- and second-order systems was examined in fine orientation discrimination tasks. Observers were either trained with luminance-modulated (LM) orientation and tested with contrast-modulated (CM) orientation (Experiment 1) or trained with CM orientation and tested with LM orientation (Experiment 2). The difficulty of the discrimination of the two types of orientations was equalized. Learning curves were tracked and compared between observers who had training and those who had no training. Results showed that the performance of observers trained with LM orientation improved rapidly in CM task and vice versa, while the performance of untrained observers tended to stay low. This two-way transfer suggests that there are bidirectional communications between first- and second-order systems wherein higher-level cortical areas might be involved and the recruitment of common population of neurons might be playing an important role.
01 Jan 2023
15 May 2023
TL;DR: In this paper , structural, stratigraphic, and new U-Pb detrital zircon ages from the Liuqu Conglomerate (LQC) are presented to document its geological evolution as a critical archive and geochronometer for the complex collision tectonics of the Tibetan orogenic belt.
Abstract: The collision of India with Asia in the Cenozoic has been widely interpreted as the main collision event that led to the formation of the Tibetan–Himalayan orogenic belt, although the timing and the nature of this collision has been controversial. The most complete record of the orogenic belt evolution between India and Asia is presented by a terrestrial conglomerate deposit, the Liuqu Conglomerate (LQC), whose depositional and tectonic development encompassed at least two collisional events: an earlier collision between an intraoceanic arc–trench system (Trans–Tethyan arc–forearc system, now exposed in the Xigaze ophiolite) and India (arc–continent), and the later collision between India and Asia (continent–continent). We present in this talk structural, stratigraphic, and new U-Pb detrital zircon ages from the LQC to document its geological evolution as a critical archive and geochronometer for the complex collision tectonics of the Tibetan–Himalayan orogenic belt. The LQC within the central YZSZ represents an orogen–parallel fluvial depocenter in an intermontane valley that developed at the collision front between the rifted northern passive margin of India (or Tethyan Himalaya) and a latest Jurassic–early Cretaceous Trans–Tethyan arc–trench system within the Neotethyan oceanic realm to the north of East Gondwana. The arc–continent collision occurred near the tropical–subtropical latitudes in the late Cretaceous and the onset of the LQC deposition began shortly after this event in the latest Cretaceous–Paleocene. Transverse rivers and streams draining the orogenic hinterland in India to the south transported Archean, Proterozoic and Paleozoic zircons and clastic material northward into the Liuqu axial river basin. Southward flowing transverse streams from the northern part of the YZSZ transported ophiolitic clasts into the Liuqu fluvial depocenter. The lack of any detrital zircon grains, clastic material or felsic volcanic tuff originated from the Gangdese Magmatic Belt (GMB) or the Lhasa block further points to the distal position of the LQC depocenter away from the Andean–type Mesozoic active margin of Eurasia. Arrival at the active margin of Eurasia of the Indian subcontinent with the accreted arc ophiolites and the intra–suture LQC depocenter and the ensuing continent–continent collision marked the terminal closure of Neotethys in its easternmost domain and resulted in significant crustal uplift across the collision zone. Therefore, the onset of the India–Asia continental collision likely began in the late Oligocene (~23 Ma). The LQC depocenter started receiving clastic material and zircons for the first time from the GMB and the Xigaze forearc basin to the north by ~20 Ma.  Inversion of the fluvial basin and rapid exhumation of the LQC strata were nearly complete by the early–Middle Miocene. These discrete collision events during the evolution of the Tibetan–Himalayan orogenic system indicate an episodic lateral and vertical growth of the southern part of the Tibetan Plateau and a punctuated history of its crustal buildup.
TL;DR: In this article , a classification algorithm was proposed to identify rock recovery in numerical simulations of oceanic-continental convergence, and over one million markers were classified from 64 simulations representing a large range of subduction zones.
Abstract: Bodies of rock that are detached (recovered) from subducting oceanic plates, and exhumed to Earth's surface, become invaluable records of the mechanical and chemical processing of rock along subduction interfaces. Exposures of interface rocks with high-pressure (HP) mineral assemblages provide insights into the nature of rock recovery, yet various inconsistencies arise when directly comparing the rock record with numerical simulations of subduction. Constraining recovery rates and depths from the rock record presents a major challenge because small sample sizes of HP rocks reduce statistical power. As an alternative approach, this study implements a classification algorithm to identify rock recovery in numerical simulations of oceanic-continental convergence. Over one million markers are classified from 64 simulations representing a large range of subduction zones. Recovery pressures (depths) correlate strongly with convergence velocity and moderately with oceanic plate age, while slab-top thermal gradients correlate strongly with oceanic plate age and upper-plate thickness. Recovery rates strongly correlate with upper-plate thickness, yet show no correlation with convergence velocity or oceanic plate age. Likewise, pressure-temperature (PT) distributions of recovered markers vary among numerical experiments and generally show deviations from the rock record that cannot be explained by petrologic uncertainties alone. For example, a significant gap in marker recovery is found near 2 GPa and 550°C, coinciding with the highest frequencies of exhumed HP rocks. Explanations for such a gap in marker recovery include numerical modeling uncertainties, selective sampling of exhumed HP rocks, or natural geodynamic factors not accounted for in numerical experiments.
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01 Jan 2023
TL;DR: The FIFA Women's World CupTM 2023 (FWWC23) bidding process was the first major women's football tournament awarded following FIFA's landmark reform package known as FIFA 2.0: The Vision for the Future as mentioned in this paper .
Abstract: The FIFA Women’s World CupTM 2023 (FWWC23) bidding process was the first major women’s football tournament awarded following FIFA’s landmark reform package known as FIFA 2.0: The Vision for the Future. This paper interrogates the conjunctural politics of the FWWC23 competitive bid process, exploring the unique ways in which FIFA shapes, influences, and controls event bidding for the FIFA Women’s World Cup. Based on an analysis of official documents, bid books, and news media coverage connected to the FWWC23 bid process, this paper presents how varying FIFA-based narratives and tactics shaped the winning Australia and New Zealand bid. Based on our analysis, four key points of discussion emerged in relation to the ways in which FIFA 2.0 shaped, and was shaped by, FWWC23 event bidding: the formation of bid “products”; the governance of the bid “process”; the politics of bid “positioning”; and the advancement of FIFA “priorities”.
01 Jan 2023
TL;DR: In this paper , a secondary English teacher details the myriad ways in which he drew upon the affordances provided by audiobooks to engage ninth and tenth grade students in new forms of literacy inquiry and engagement.
Abstract: Audiobooks have been growing in popularity over the last decade. Although researchers have increasingly recognised the value of audiobooks as rich multimodal texts that support literacy engagement in classrooms, there have been few detailed pictures of classroom practice related to audiobooks. In this practitioner narrative, a secondary English teacher details the myriad ways in which he drew upon the affordances provided by audiobooks to engage ninth and tenth grade students in new forms of literacy inquiry and engagement. The article details classroom practices related to fluency and comprehension, inquiries into out-of-school and digital literacies, focusing attention in fictional worlds, and meta-discussions about the nature of the medium.
TL;DR: In this paper , the authors present an abstract of a paper on the use of the Get access link above for information on how to access this content and a preview of the paper.
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01 Jan 2023
TL;DR: In this paper , the use of dimethyl carbonate (DMC) as a non-toxic, aprotic modifier for hydrophilic liquid interaction chromatography (HILIC) and as a modifier for normal phase liquid chromatography was conducted with a silica column.
Abstract: We studied the use of dimethyl carbonate (DMC) as a non-toxic, aprotic modifier for hydrophilic liquid interaction chromatography (HILIC) and as a modifier for normal-phase liquid chromatography (LC). A comparison of ethyl acetate (EA) and DMC as organic mobile-phase modifiers in hexane for normal-phase LC of phthalates was conducted with a silica column and showed that retention factors (k) at the same modifier percentage were about a factor of two greater for DMC. Detection at 215 nm, possible with DMC, allowed for the better detection of the phthalates by a factor of 10, compared with EA detection, best at a 254 nm wavelength. Using a core-shell silica column, HILIC separations of trans-ferulic acid, syringic acid, and vanillic acid were compared between acetonitrile (MeCN) and DMC as the organic portion of the mobile phase, from 80–95%. The analyte retention for DMC, when compared to MeCN, was about 1.5 times greater, with only a moderate increase in back pressure. Plate count and peak asymmetry were somewhat better for the DMC chromatograms, compared to those with MeCN. Seven mono- and di-hydroxybenzoic acid positional isomers could be resolved effectively with DMC. Sorbate and benzoate preservatives in commercial drinks were also determined.
01 Jan 2023
TL;DR: This paper explored contemporary research on how extended family ties contribute to individual mental health outcomes, including how recent historical and social trends in the 21st century, including increases in life expectancy, trends in divorce and remarriage, and changing expectations for marriage and parenthood have contributed to the importance of intergenerational and sibling relationships.
Abstract: This article explores contemporary research on how extended family ties contribute to individual mental health outcomes, including how recent historical and social trends in the 21st century, including increases in life expectancy, trends in divorce and remarriage, and changing expectations for marriage and parenthood have contributed to the importance of intergenerational and sibling relationships. Further, we describe how positive relationship experiences protect mental health and how negative relationship experiences compromise mental health. Finally, we consider the increasing diversity in the US and explore variability in the associations between extended family ties and mental health.
01 Jan 2023
22 Jan 2023
TL;DR: In this article , an infant footshock model was used to explore the shared predisposition of early life stress (ELS) in rats and mice and increased aversion-resistant alcohol drinking in rats.
Abstract: Abstract In humans, early life stress (ELS) is associated with an increased risk for developing both alcohol use disorder (AUD) and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). We have previously used an infant footshock model to explore this shared predisposition. Infant footshock produces stress-enhanced fear learning (SEFL) in rats and mice and increases aversion-resistant alcohol drinking in rats. The goal of the current study was to extend this model of comorbid PTSD and AUD to male and female C57BL/6J mice. Acute ELS was induced using 15 foot-shocks on postnatal day 17. In adulthood, after PND 90, ethanol drinking behavior was tested in one of three two-bottle choice drinking paradigms: continuous access, limited access drinking in the dark, or intermittent access. In continuous access, mice were given 24 h access to 5% or 10% ethanol and water. Each ethanol concentration was provided for five consecutive drinking sessions. In limited access drinking in the dark, mice were given 2 h of access to 15% ethanol and water across 15 sessions. Ethanol was provided 3 h into the dark cycle to maximize task engagement when mice are most active. In intermittent access, mice were presented with 20% ethanol and water Monday, Wednesday, and Friday, for four consecutive weeks. In a fifth week of intermittent access drinking, increasing concentrations of quinine (10 mg/L, 100 mg/L, and 200 mg/L) were added to the ethanol to test aversion-resistant drinking. Our results indicate that infant footshock does not influence adult ethanol consumption in mice. Infant footshock did not affect ethanol-only consumption or preference in any of the three drinking paradigms. Further, and in contrast to our previous results in rats, infant footshock did not appear to influence consumption of quinine-adulterated ethanol. The biological sex of the mice did affect ethanol-only consumption in all three drinking paradigms, with females consuming more ethanol than males. Preference for ethanol vs. water was higher in females only under continuous access conditions. Our results suggest that infant footshock alone may not be sufficient to increase drinking levels in mice. We hypothesize that infant footshock may require a secondary, adolescent stress exposure to influence ethanol drinking behavior. Further research is needed to create a valid model of PTSD-AUD comorbidity in male and female mice.
TL;DR: In this article , the authors examined changes in and predictors of perceived tangible social support over a 2-year period among older adults new to Long Short Term Support Service (LTSS).
Abstract: The purpose of this study was to examine changes in and predictors of perceived tangible social support over a 2-year period among older adults new to LTSS. Linear mixed effects models were used to model repeated measures of tangible social support as a function of LTSS type [NH, AL, HCBS], personal, clinical, and health-related quality of life variables. AL residents reported greater initial tangible social support, but NH and HCBS residents improved more over time. Predictors of increased tangible social support over time included greater positive affect, sense of aesthetics, education, satisfaction with family relationships, and total number of close friends and family. Decreased tangible support over time was associated with greater depressive symptoms. Findings indicate the positive influence of NH and HCBS services on perception of tangible social support, and the importance of addressing depressive symptoms and assisting with the maintenance of important relationships.
TL;DR: In this paper , an atomic type decomposition for the noncommutative martingale Hardy space hp for all 0
TL;DR: The Unintended Lessons of Revolution by Tanalís Padilla et al. as mentioned in this paper is an unparalleled study of the rural normales, spanning the twentieth century, makes revelatory observations about the fraught relationship between these iconic institutions and the state, highlighting the recent manifestations of student teachers depicted in acts of flagrant resistance to the state and then further obfuscated by the outsize repressive state violence enacted in retaliation.
Abstract: The long political history of the rural normales (teacher training institutions) has been dominated by recent manifestations of student teachers depicted in acts of flagrant resistance to the state and then further obfuscated by the outsize repressive state violence enacted in retaliation. Tanalís Padilla's unparalleled study of the rural normales, spanning the twentieth century, makes revelatory observations about the fraught relationship between these iconic institutions and the state. At the peak of revolutionary reform, the rural normales were the gem of Cardenista educational policy, representing the state's commitment to a social justice orientation and a recognition that rural education had its fortunes tied to agrarian reform.As Cold War concerns about a radicalized countryside sullied ideological commitment to the fate of rural Mexicans, the rural normales became hubs of political energy that drew the suspicion—and armed response—of the increasingly wary state. Unintended Lessons of Revolution draws from declassified intelligence documents, the press, the US State Department, the Mexican Ministry of Education archives, local school archives from across the nation, memoirs of former teachers in training, and oral histories. The scope is national, featuring evidence from most of the nearly three dozen official rural normales, but it homes in on the geographies of resistance in Guerrero and Chihuahua to mount an argument about the entrenched animosity that student teachers (normalistas) experienced in those regions. It provides the much-needed historical context for the events leading up to the disappearance of the Ayotzinapa student teachers and dignifies the struggle of the rural poor for equity in access to education.The book opens with chapters on the institutional history of rural normales, tracing a chronology from their crucible in the missionary spirit of the José Vasconcelos years to their politicization in the socialist education era and the conservative turn of the 1940s. As the Institutional Revolutionary Party (PRI) steadily withdrew resources from the rural normales, citing inefficiencies and moral corruption, student teachers of the mid-twentieth century appealed to the “revolutionary ethos” in which their beloved institutions were founded a generation before (p. 188). The 1950s ushered in a wave of rural and working-class discontent, as strikes from student teachers and railroad workers spurred each other into solidarity and unions shifted from state-dominated institutions of control to hotbeds of subversive activity in the eyes of the PRI. The proximity and suasion of the Cuban Revolution accelerated the political urgency of the normalistas over the decade of the 1960s, a theme drawn out poignantly in the chapter on the ill-fated attack on the Madera military barracks in Chihuahua led by a normalista-campesino guerrilla coalition.If the political zeitgeist of the 1960s politicized youth on the margins, it also prompted a tightening of the authoritarian state. Padilla demonstrates how state officials did not hesitate to wield their military power at the least provocation, but she dedicates even more space to the finer points of bureaucratic violence, chronicling the reforms to the rural normal system that normalistas saw as punitive in the wake of Tlatelolco. Padilla deftly evades a causational argument that would link the student strike of 1968 to the suite of reforms in 1969–71 that effectively disenfranchised the rural normal system, but the legislation enshrined the state's official adversarial position toward rural educators. By the 1970s, the animosity had become so entrenched that an increasingly aggrieved cohort of normalistas resorted to more public, violent, and transgressive ways of calling attention to their historical frustrations and present demands. The book's epilogue hurtles through the neoliberal period, demonstrating how the rural normal system has continued to suffer a slow death by a thousand technocratic cuts.The Mexican Federation of Socialist Campesino Students (FECSM) persisted as an organizing presence that Padilla argues maintained the revolutionary mandate at the time of its foundation (1934) over the course of the twentieth century. The FECSM became the engine of political consciousness-raising for the rural student teachers, often very young and naive, in the dining halls and dormitories. The student condition and national politics became synonymous for those living and studying in these rural outposts, and in the agrarian roots of the students' family histories the FECSM found fertile ground. Through the FECSM's efforts, the spirit of Lázaro Cárdenas stayed alive in the rural normales and allowed the young students to take the state to task for abandoning the revolution's stated aims. Meanwhile, Padilla shows that even when material conditions and official commitment to the revolution deteriorated, the state expected rural schoolteachers to maintain the self-abnegating spirit vaunted by Vasconcelos's generation of cultural missionaries.Unintended Lessons of Revolution does much more than contextualize Ayotzinapa. It shows the profound power that the disenfranchised have, even from a position of dispossession, in occupying the imaginary of the state.
TL;DR: The Online Biographical Dictionary of the Woman Suffrage Movement in the United States (Obd) as mentioned in this paper is a collection of more than 3,700 women suffragists who were engaged in suffrage and other reform efforts at the local and state levels.
Abstract: The 2020 centennial of the ratification of the Nineteenth Amendment inspired an impressive array of books, articles, museum exhibits, and public humanities projects encouraging us to revisit, revise, and, in some cases, revolutionize our understanding of women's long (and ongoing) fight for the vote. At the forefront of the new digital projects stands the Online Biographical Dictionary of the Woman Suffrage Movement in the United States (Obd), edited by Thomas Dublin and Kathryn Kish Sklar. The Obd is connected with the Women and Social Movements Database (Wasmd), launched by Sklar in 1997 and published by Alexander Street Press. What makes the Obd so useful, however, is that Dublin and Sklar negotiated with the publisher to offer the resource both as part of the subscription-only Wasmd and as a stand-alone Web site available for free to anyone with an Internet connection. The result is a monumental biographical database comprising what will soon be more than 3,700 women suffragists. Most of these women were engaged in suffrage and other reform efforts at the local and state levels, so their names will be new to historians and laypeople. For user convenience, more well-known national leaders are also included in the database via links to their biographical entries in Notable American Women (1971), in partnership with the Arthur and Elizabeth Schlesinger Library on the History of Women in America at Harvard University. The entries are organized into three parts, mirroring the suffrage movement's divisions: Militant Women Suffragists—The National Woman's Party (Nwp); Black Women Suffragists; and Mainstream Suffragists—The National American Woman Suffrage Association (Nawsa).