Showing papers by "National Dairy Research Institute published in 1993"
TL;DR: It was concluded from this study that in certain situations, such as during cyclicity when large variations occur in corpus luteum activity, the milk and plasma progesterone concentrations from the same buffalo are highly correlated, however, the correlation is very poor when corpus lutum activity remains more or less unchanged, as seen during pregnancy.
Abstract: Blood and milk samples were collected on alternate days from 5 cycling buffaloes on 16 occasions and 2 pregnant buffaloes on 13 and 8 occasions. The blood and milk samples were analysed for progesterone by sensitive direct radioimmunoassay (RIA) procedures developed in this laboratory.
76 citations
TL;DR: In this article, processed cheese foods were prepared by replacing young Cheddar cheese solids with those of whey protein concentrates (WPC) obtained by ultrafiltration of Tilsit cheese whey.
Abstract: Summary - Processed cheese foods were prepared by replacing young Cheddar cheese solids with those of whey protein concentrates (WPC) obtained by ultrafiltration of Tilsit cheese whey. Firrn- ness of processed cheese foods decreased in a highly significant manner (P< 0.01), while melting quality increased in a highly significant manner ( P< 0.01) with the increase in moisture over a wide range. An increased amount of whey protein concentrates and trisodium citrate improved the firm- ness in a highly significant manner (P < 0.01), but had a highly significant deleterious effect (P< 0.01) on the melting quality of processed cheese foods. processed cheese food 1 flrmness 1melting quality 1 whey protein concentrate addition
46 citations
Journal Article•
TL;DR: The results of the authors' studies show an increase in the number of active carriers of the A, ASC and L systems of methionine uptake in mammary glands of mouse during lactation.
Abstract: The sites of methionine uptake by mammary glands from late pregnant and lactating mice were studied in vitro. Using the specific A system inhibitor, N-(methylamino) isobutyric acid (MeAIB) and the specific L system inhibitor, 2-amino-bicyclo (2.2.1) heptane 2-carboxylic acid (BCH), we have defined four modes of methionine entry into these tissues. (i) A sodium-dependent A system with a Vmax of 13.4 and 18.8 n mol/g cells/min in pregnant and lactating mice, respectively. This mode of entry was completely inhibited by MeAIB and its Km value was similar (0.45 mM) in both groups. (ii) A sodium-dependent mode with a Vmax of 6.7 and 12.4 n mol/g cells/min and a Km of 0.24 and 0.46 mM in pregnant and lactating mice, respectively. This mode of entry was insensitive to inhibition by MeAIB, and was similar to the ASC (alanine, serine, cysteine) system in other tissues. (iii) A sodium-independent L system with a Vmax of 13.8 and 30.0 n mol/g cells/min and a Km of 0.27 and 0.46 mM in pregnant and lactating mice, respectively. This mode of entry was completely inhibited by BCH. (iv) A sodium-independent non-specific entry amounting to 25 per cent of the total entry at 0.1 mM external methionine which was not inhibited by high concentration of BCH. The results of our studies show an increase in the number of active carriers of the A, ASC and L systems of methionine uptake in mammary glands of mouse during lactation.
18 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the shelf life of UHT (ultra-high temperature) soy beverage stored at 5, 25, 35 and 45°C was determined, and various physicochemical and sensory changes in soy beverage were monitored during storage.
Abstract: The shelf-life of UHT (ultra-high temperature) soy beverage stored at 5, 25, 35 and 45°C was determined. Various physicochemical and sensory changes in soy beverage were monitored during storage. The viscosity, proteolysis, lipolysis, oxidation and browning were found to increase and pH, reflectance and sensory scores found to decrease during storage. These changes could be described well with first-order reaction kinetics. The rates of these reactions were found to be highly temperature-dependent, the rates being higher at high temperature. The activation energy and other activation parameters such as activation enthalpy, activation entropy and free energy of activation for these reactions were determined. The interrelationships between sensory and physico-chemical changes were established. The proteolytic changes (measured in terms of trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid value) alone could explain 97 and 98% variation in flavour and total score of the beverage, respectively. The shelf-life prediction model, based on the kinetic constants and the relationship between sensory and chemical parameters, was developed.
14 citations
TL;DR: Goat, cow and buffalo ghee have striking differences in their fractionation and melting behaviour, fatty acid composition including saturated and unsaturated glycerides and lactone profiles.
13 citations
TL;DR: In the goat flock of the National Dairy Research Institute at Karnal, 21 kids out of 1879 kiddings over a period of 10 years (1981–1990) showed anomalies of external genitalia, and measures have been suggested to avoid intersexuality in these economically important farm animals.
8 citations
TL;DR: In this article, scanning and transmission electron microscopy was carried out to study heat-induced structural changes that occur during the processing of khoa (a heat-desiccated Indian milk product) and gulabjamun (a product obtained by frying khoaa, admixed with starch, in clarified butterfat and subsequently soaked in 60% sugar syrup).
Abstract: Scanning and transmission electron microscopy was carried out to study heat-induced structural changes that occur during the processing of khoa (a heat-desiccated Indian milk product) and gulabjamun (a product obtained by frying khoa, admixed with starch, in clarified butterfat and subsequently soaked in 60% sugar syrup). Constant boiling of milk during khoa manufacture led to the formation of casein-whey protein complexes, which coalesced gradually on the progress of boiling, forming a fuzzy-agglomerated mass and finally precipitated as heat-induced milk gels, joined together by thick protein bridges. Further heat desiccation of this gel resulted in the compaction of the protein agglomerates with reduction in void spaces and fat globules interspersed in between (ie khoa). Frying of khoa in clarified butterfat resulted in the enlargement of the voids, producing a loose matrix having starch particles interlinked loosely with the agglomerated protein bodies and the clumped fat globules cemented in it (ie gulabjamun). The laboratory and market gulabjamun had significant structural similarities in the fat and protein moieties but differed markedly in the textural values, probably due to the differences in the chemical composition and typical structural manifestations of the starchy materials in the market gulabjamun. Composition and texture can be explained by the microstructural attributes for both khoa and gulabjamun.
8 citations
TL;DR: Estimation of total cholesterol concentrations of potential donors can be a useful tool for predicting superovulatory responses and the number of corpora lutea and total and transferable embryos in donors having total cholesterol levels lower than those of cows having >140 mg/dl were significantly lower.
7 citations
TL;DR: It was concluded that in addition to genetic factors, environmental adaptation could also influence the oestrone sulphate levels in cattle and buffaloes.
Abstract: Single milk samples collected during pregnancy from 128 Sahiwal (zebu), 295 Karan Swiss and 198 Karan Fries cows and 164 Murrah buffaloes were analysed for oestrone sulphate by a sensitive, direct, radioimmunoassay procedure developed in the laboratory Mean oestrone sulphate levels were below detection limit (< 50 pg/ml) during the first 2 months of pregnancy in all animals There was an exponential increase in the hormone concentration beginning at the fourth month of pregnancy in cows, although the rate of increase was greatest among Sahiwal cows, followed by Karan Swiss and Karan Fries cows in that order (P < 001) An exponential increase in oestrone sulphate levels was also recorded in buffaloes beginning at the fourth month of gestation However, the mean hormone levels in this species, after initially being lower than Sahiwal and Karan Swiss cows up to 6 months of pregnancy, increased to higher levels thereafter From this study it was concluded that in addition to genetic factors, environmental adaptation could also influence the oestrone sulphate levels In addition, the study also provided a basis for pregnancy confirmation by milk oestrone sulphate determination after 110 days in gestation in cattle and buffaloes using a simple, direct, assay procedure
7 citations
TL;DR: A simplified technique of laparoscopy was developed for ovarian observation in the riverine buffalo, through a right paralumbar incision as mentioned in this paper, which involved only a single puncture and required no abdominal insufflation.
7 citations
TL;DR: All the transformants resembled parent culture 484 in terms of lactic acid production, milk curdling time, and lactococcin activity againstListeria monocytogenes, Salmonella typhi, andStaphylococcus aureus, thereby suggesting the incompatibility of these two plasmids.
Abstract: Protoplasts of plasmid-freeLactococcus lactis subsp.lactis LM 0230 and PC4 strains were cotransformed successfully with the plasmid pools ofL. lactis subsp.lactis 484, a lactosefermenting (Lac+), lactococcin-producing (Lap+), lactococcin-resistant (Lapr), sucrosefermenting (Suc+) wild strain, its derivatives, and pGB 301 erythromycin resistance plasmid (Eryr) at the frequencies of 104 transformants/μg of DNA. PC4 protoplasts were transformed at slightly lower frequencies that LM 0230 protoplasts when the same plasmid combinations were used for transformation. Agarose gel electrophoresis of plasmids from three groups of transformants, namely, Lac−Lap−Eryr, Lac+Suc+Lap+LaprEryr, and Lac−Suc+Lap+ LaprLapr, confirmed that 2.0 and 65.0 megadalton (MDa) plasmids carried genes for Suc+Lap+Lapr and Lac+ phenotypes respectively. The protoplasts could be transformed with low-molecular-weight 2.0 MDa Lap plasmid at a relatively higher frequency than those with high-molecular-weight 65.0 MDa Lac plasmid. All the transformants resembled parent culture 484 in terms of lactic acid production (0.810–0.840%), milk curdling time (6 h), and lactococcin activity (7–12 mm, zone of inhibition) againstListeria monocytogenes, Salmonella typhi, andStaphylococcus aureus. The plasmids and their respective phenotypes in PC4 transformants were genetically more stable than those of LM 0230 protoplasts. The marker plasmid pGB 301 disappeared more frequently from the transformants when present in association with the lowmolecular-weight, high-copy-number 2.0 MDa plasmid, thereby suggesting the incompatibility of these two plasmids.
TL;DR: The influence of milk factors on the bioavailability of non-milk thiamine was assessed usingThiamine-deficient young rats using dialysed raw cow's milk as the source of milk factor and TPP effect on ETK activity selected as response criteria.
Abstract: Summary - The influence of milk factors on the bioavailability of non-milk thiamine was assessed using thiamine-deficient young rats. Twenty-eight h dialysed raw cow's milk (3.5% fat) was used as the source of milk factors. Repletion test diets provided were (A) dialysed milk alone (59 119)bound thiamine, (B) dialysed milk (59 119) plus pure thiamine (256 119) or (C) pure thiamine (315 119) as thiamine source, for 21 d. Total hepatic thiamine content, erythrocyte transketolase (ETK) activity and TPP (thiamine pyrophosphate) effect on ETK activity were selected as response criteria. Group B receiving dialysed milk supplemented with pure thiamine had significantly (P 2-fold in the presence of milk factors.