Showing papers by "Naval War College published in 1996"
TL;DR: Zhang Zizhong, commander of the eight divisions that constituted the Chinese 33rd Army Group, was killed at approximately 4:00 P.M. on May 16, 1940, in fighting at Shilichangshan ( ‘Ten li mountain’) near Nanguadian in Northern Hubei.
Abstract: General Zhang Zizhong, commander of the eight divisions that constituted the Chinese 33rd Army Group, was killed at approximately 4:00 P.M. on May 16, 1940, in fighting at Shilichangshan (‘Ten li mountain’) near Nanguadian in Northern Hubei. The battle was one engagement of the Zaoyang-Yichang campaign that rumbled through late spring of that year. Surrounded by the Japanese, his forces had refused either to retreat or to surrender. In the ensuing hand-to-hand combat, General Zhang had been wounded seven times in all, by grenade, bullet, and finally by bayonet. The victorious Japanese realized Zhang's identity only when a major discovered, in the left breast pocket of his blood-soaked yellow uniform, a fine gold pen engraved with his name. The major quickly summoned senior officers; they ordered a stretcher brought and the body was carried away from the battlefield. (This was observed, through half-opened eyes, by Zhang's long-time associate, the Chinese major Ma Xiaotang, who lay nearby, bleeding from a bayonet wound, and who later gasped out the story to Chinese as he died).
44 citations
TL;DR: The complexities of post-1987 UN military operations have caused much conceptual confusion as mentioned in this paper, and the way out of the confusion is to accept that there are three (not two) options open to the UN when it deploys military force: peacekeeping, inducement and enforcement.
Abstract: The complexities of post‐1987 UN military operations have caused much conceptual confusion. Contrary to what may be the prevailing opinion, the way out of the confusion is to accept that there are three (not two) options open to the UN when it deploys military force: peacekeeping, inducement and enforcement. Of the three options, inducement is the most difficult to see through to success. Whether conducting inducement or enforcement, the UN is confronted with the same challenges facing any military coalition. Working in the context of a UN‐based coalition magnifies those challenges, generally making them more difficult to resolve, while also creating new ones. The Secretariat has recognized that the procedures devised for traditional peacekeeping are not adequate to contend with those challenges and is instituting extensive reforms so that it can be better prepared to act promptly. For the foreseeable future, there are limits to what the Secretariat can do to improve its capabilities for inducement and en...
12 citations
TL;DR: The development of a hybrid expert system prototype for scheduling training in the new CCTT facilities is discussed, which will enable future armored and mechanized units at battalion and below to train in virtual environments on a digitized battlefield.
Abstract: In recent years, the United States Army has undertaken the development of a new type of computerized training facility called the Close Combat Tactical Trainer (CCTT). This system will enable future armored and mechanized units at battalion and below to train in virtual environments on a digitized battlefield. The major tasks for planning a days' training include the following. First, personnel from the unit undergoing training select training scenarios to be conducted during each training day. Next, the training scenarios are scheduled throughout the planning horizon where multiple scenarios may be scheduled simultaneously. Finally, the type and quantity of training resources for conducting each training scenario are identified and scheduled. Resource quantities vary by training scenario type and may vary within a scenario type as well. CCTT training resources include simulator modules, computer workstations, workstation operators (people) and computer-generated, semi-automated forces (SAF). This paper discusses the development of a hybrid expert system prototype for scheduling training in the new CCTT facilities.
6 citations
4 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the Shanghai Document and the Shanghai rising of 1927 are discussed. But the authors focus on a single document, the Shankhaiskii Dokument (1928).
Abstract: (1996). Shanghai Document—‘Shankhaiskii Dokument’ (1928): Soviet film propaganda and the Shanghai rising of 1927. Historical Journal of Film, Radio and Television: Vol. 16, No. 3, pp. 309-331.
3 citations
TL;DR: The case of the B-2 bomber is a useful exploration of the issues surrounding the implementation of new technology given political and budgetary constraints as discussed by the authors, and the deployment tactical operability and probable outcome of the interaction of the various factors involved concluding that more objective research and analysis must be carried out to determine whether the large amounts of taxpayers money required should in fact be invested in the B‐2 bomber.
Abstract: The case of the B‐2 bomber is a useful exploration of the issues surrounding the implementation of new technology given political and budgetary constraints. Here Ken Freeman discusses in detail the deployment tactical operability and probable outcome of the interaction of the various factors involved concluding that more objective research and analysis must be carried out to determine whether the large amounts of taxpayers money required should in fact be invested in the B‐2 bomber.
1 citations