Showing papers by "Nokia published in 1997"

Optimistic fair Exchange of Digital Signatures.

Abstract: We present a new protocol that allows two players to exchange digital signatures over the Internet in a fair way, so that either each player gets the other's signature, or neither player does. The obvious application is where the signatures represent items of value, for example, an electronic check or airline ticket. The protocol can also be adapted to exchange encrypted data. It relies on a trusted third party, but is "optimistic," in that the third party is only needed in cases where one player crashes or attempts to cheat. A key feature of our protocol is that a player can always force a timely and fair termination, without the cooperation of the other player, even in a completely asynchronous network. A specialization of our protocol can be used for contract signing; this specialization is not only more efficient, but also has the important property that the third party can be held accountable for its actions: if it ever cheats, this can be detected and proven.

A method for monitoring the health of a patient

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for monitoring the health of a patient by utilizing measurements. In order to improve the contact between the patient and the person treating him, the results of the measurements are supplied via a communications device (1) utilizing a wireless data transmission link to a data processing system (9) available to the person monitoring the patient's health, and the patient's health is monitored by means of the data stored in the data processing system (9).

Improved method and apparatus for dynamically shifting between routing and switching packets in a transmission network

Abstract: A method and apparatus for dynamically shifting between switching and routing packets efficiently to provide high throughput. The present invention provides a method for transmitting packets betwee an upstream node and a downstream node in a network that utilizes flow classification and labelling to redirect flows. The method includes the steps of establishing default virtual channels between the upstream node and the downstream node (1602), receiving packets at the downstream node, performing flow classification at the downstream node on the packet to determine whether the packet belongs to a specified flow that should be redirected in the upstream node (170), selecting a free label at the downstream node (1668) and informing the upstream node that future packets belonging to the specified flow should be sent with the selected free label attached (1676). Other embodiments of the invention include a basic switching unit (1, 3), a switch gateway unit (21), and a switching agent for use in a system for transmitting packets in a network.

A communication network terminal supporting a plurality of applications

Abstract: The present invention relates to a terminal (1) for a communication network, the terminal being capable of supporting a plurality of applications (17, 18) and having means of communicating user messages. The terminal comprises means for receiving user messages having data and a header relating to one of the applications (17, 18) and means (8) for addressing the data to a respective application according to the header. In an embodiment the user messages are short messages and the data comprises characters in the short message.

Monitoring method and a monitoring equipment

Abstract: Monitoring equipment including means for receiving a measurement result indicating the patient's blood glucose level, and for staring it in a first memory means. In order to improve and facilitate the treatment of the patient, the monitoring equipment further includes means for receiving data concerning the patient's diet, medication and physical strain, and for storing it in the first memory means, data processing means for calculating a predictive value on the basis of the data stored in the first memory means, and corrector means for calculating the difference between the calculated predictive value and the patient's actual blood glucose level, and for correcting the mathematical model utilized to calculate the predictive value in order to take into account the aforementioned difference in subsequent calculations of predictive values.

Mobile terminal having network services activation through the use of point-to-point short message service

Abstract: A radiotelephone (10) includes a keypad (22) having a plurality of keys (22a, 22b) and a display device (20) for displaying information, including messages, to a user. A method includes the steps of: (a) transmitting a point-to-point short message service (SMS) message from an operator's site (36) through a network (32) to the radiotelephone; (b) receiving the SMS message from the network; (c) interpreting the received SMS message; and (d) activating a network service function that is specified in received SMS message. The method includes a preliminary step of transmitting a SMS message from the radiotelephone to the operator's site, the SMS message requesting activation of the network function.

Implementation of charging in a telecommunications system

Abstract: The invention concerns a method for the implementation of charging in a telecommunications system including customer terminals used by customers for ordering services and servers for providing services to customers. In order to implement the charging of services easily especially in a multimedia environment, at least one separate billing server is used in the network so that each customer terminal has a dedicated billing server. A contract message is sent to the customer terminal stating that the customer must make a contact on the selected service, and the customer's acceptance of the contact is sent from the customer terminal to the billing server in the network. The billing servers of the network are used for transferring charging records to the billing system so that the transfer of the charging record(s) concerning the selected service involves at least one billing server.

Load control method and apparatus for CDMA cellular system having circuit and packet switched terminals

Abstract: A method for operating a cellular communications system of a type that includes a first type of terminal having real-time transmission needs and a second type of terminal having nonreal-time transmission needs. The method includes the steps of (a) determining at periodic intervals a total amount of capacity required to service the first type of terminals; (b) subtracting the determined amount from a current maximum capacity; and (c) allocating all or some of the remaining capacity, if any, to one or more of the second type of terminals.

Method for radio resource control

Abstract: In order to control the use of physical radio resources, the physical radio resources are divided into chronologically consecutive frames (14), so that a frame contains slots (16, 17, 18) of various sizes, which slots represent a given share of the physical radio resources contained in the frame and can be individually allocated to different radio connections. The first dimension of a frame is time and the second dimension can be time, frequency or code. In the direction of the second dimension the slots represent various sizes, and a given first integral number of slots of the first size can be modularly replaced by another integral number of slots of another size. A certain number of consecutive frames form a superframe (19), in which case frames with corresponding locations in consecutive superframes are equal in slot division and allocations, if the data transmission demands do not change. Changes in the state of occupancy of the slots are possible at each superframe. In order to form an uplink connection, the mobile station sends a capacity request, where it indicates the type of requested connection and the demand of resources. In order to form a downlink connection, the base station subsystem sends a paging call, where it indicates the location in the superframe of the slots allocated to the connection. In order to indicate the state of occupancy, the base station subsystem maintains a superframe-size parametrized reservation table.

Method for Transmission of Information to the User

Abstract: Method for transmission of information to the user, in which a search terminal (1) is used for sending an information query, which is received and processed. Further in the method, information is searched for, and the retrieved information is transmitted to the search terminal (1). The information is received and displayed to the user by the search terminal (1). A system for transmitting information to a user comprises a search terminal (1) for sending an information query, means (3, 4, 4', 4") for receiving and processing of the information query, means (3, 4, 4', 4') for retrieving information, means (2) for transmitting the information to the search terminal (1), and means (1) for receiving the information and presenting it to the user on the search terminal (1), The information retrieval is arranged to be conducted at least partly on the basis of the location and/or travel route of the user.

Optical properties of Si-doped GaN

Abstract: The optical properties of n-type GaN are investigated for Si doping concentrations ranging from 5×1016 to 7×1018 cm−3. The photoluminescence linewidth of the near-band gap optical transition increases from 47 to 78 meV as the doping concentration is increased. The broadening is modeled in terms of potential fluctuations caused by the random distribution of donor impurities. Good agreement is found between experimental and theoretical results. The intensity of the near-band-gap transition increases monotonically as the doping concentration is increased indicating that nonradiative transitions dominate at a low doping density. The comparison of absorption, luminescence, reflectance, and photoreflectance measurements reveals the absence of a Stokes shift at room temperature demonstrating the intrinsic nature of the near-band edge transition.

A device incorporating a tunable thin film bulk acoustic resonator for performing amplitude and phase modulation

Abstract: A method for amplitude modulating signals, and a circuit that operates in accordance with the method. The method includes a first step of applying a modulating low frequency signal having a time-varying voltage to a tunable resonator. The tunable resonator exhibits parallel and series resonances at frequencies which shift as a function of the time-varying voltage. A second step includes applying an RF carrier signal having a frequency that is between the parallel resonant frequency and the series resonant frequency to the tunable resonator. In response thereto, the tunable resonator causes the RF carrier signal to be attenuated as a function of the time-varying voltage of the modulating low frequency signal. Also provided is a method for phase modulating signals, and a circuit that operates in accordance therewith. A first step includes applying a modulating low frequency signal having a time-varying voltage to a tunable resonator. The tunable resonator yields a maximum phase shift at one of a parallel resonant frequency and a series resonant frequency in response to the modulating low frequency signal. The amount of phase shift yielded is a function of a variation of the modulating low frequency signal voltage. A further step includes applying an RF carrier signal having a frequency that is substantially equal to the one of a parallel resonant frequency and a series resonant frequency. In response thereto, the tunable resonator phase shifts the RF carrier signal by the amount of phase shift yielded by the tunable resonator.

Method and apparatus for accessing internet service in a mobile communication network

Abstract: Internet service in a digital mobile communication network by means of short message service. The short message service center is connected to the Internet network and uses the HTML, HTTP, and TCP/IP Internet network protocols. Short messages are transferred between the service center and mobile stations. The user submits to the service center a short message containing an identifier of a WWW servicer via the Internet network, receives the WWW page and stores it. The relevant part, which maybe identified by a predetermined criterion, common to all subscribers, or based on a criterion received from the mobile station, such as a keyword, is separated from the WWW page and sent to the mobile station in a short message. The mobile station processes the received message and displays it to the user.

Personal digital assistant with real time search capability

Abstract: The present invention is a method and an apparatus for searching a personal digital assistant (PDA) data base utilizing a search criteria and displaying the result so that the user can determine whether the search yielded the intended result, whether the search needs to be refined, or whether the outcome should be used to initiate an electronic communication such as a telephone call. After successfully obtaining the specific name and recipient information, such as a telephone number, telefax number, numbers for an Internet server and related E-mail address, the numbers may be applied to a telephone for establishing a PSTN or telephone connection. Thereafter the PDA, utilizing the telephone unit links the user to a line or employs data transmission capabilities of a wireless network to send telefaxes, short messages, E-mail and to connect with remote computers. Using a keyboard the user can store data in a data base, alter the data base and input search criteria. The directory is similar in appearance to a telephone book listing where the information comprises at least a name and telephone number or address associated with a particular field in a data base record. Because names are primarily what interests the personal digital assistant users, searches based on the name field typically yields related phone numbers and other record data, although the user is not precluded from searching on other types of information.

Information output system, method for outputting information and terminal devices for outputting information via mobile communication network

Abstract: In an information output system according to the invention data (48) processed by an application (40) is processed in a terminal device (10) into a data transfer format (44) independent of the application (40) using a specific format generator (42). After this the data (48) is transferred to a second terminal device (20) via mobile communication network. In the receiving terminal device a specific data transfer application decodes the data (48) in the independent data format (44) into a form suitable for the output devices, and automatically transfers it to the output devices for outputting.

Bulk acoustic wave (BAW) filter having a top portion that includes a protective acoustic mirror

Abstract: A Bulk Acoustic Wave (BAW) filter, comprising at least one resonator structure that is disposed over a substrate, and an acoustic mirror that is disposed over the resonator structure. The acoustic mirror includes a plurality of layers. The acoustic mirror substantially isolates acoustic vibrations produced by the resonator from reaching beyond an upper surface of the acoustic mirror. The acoustic mirror also prevents environmental contaminants from coming into contact with the resonator. Also disclosed are surface-mountable BAW components.

An opinion poll utilizing a wireless data transmission connection

Abstract: The scope of the present invention is a method and a system for sending messages and for the processing of the received answers to the messages sent. In order to that it would be possible to make for example a quick and local opinion poll, a message (A) is fed from a communicator's (1) data processing system (2) over a service center (3) utilizing a wireless telecommunication connection essentially simultaneously to at least two recipients in the telecommunication devices (7) of the recipients, the recipients enter the answer to the message (A) with their telecommunication devices (7) over the service center (3) utilizing a wireless telecommunication connection back to the communicator's (1) data processing system (2) which waits for the answers for a certain, predetermined time, and the information contained in the answers is processed in a predetermined way in the communicator's (1) data processing system (2).

Using two sim cards with same msisdn number

Abstract: A method and equipment for using two SIM cards with the same MSISDN number in a mobile communication system. To at least one subscriber identifier are allocated at least two identity modules (SIM), of which only one at a time can be registered as active. In connection with location updating it is checked whether the location updating relates to a subscriber identifier to which at least two identity modules (SIM) have been allocated. If yes, it is checked whether the identity module (SIM) concerned is at that particular moment registered as passive, and if yes, it is activated and the identity module (SIM) earlier registered as active is deactivated. If the identity module (SIM) earlier registered as active is involved in an on-going call while location updating is being performed using an identity module (SIM) earlier registered as passive, the location updating is rejected or delayed until the on-going call has been terminated.

Transmitter/receiver for transmitting and receiving of an RF signal in two frequency bands

Abstract: The object of the invention is a transmitter/receiver for transmitting and receiving of an RF signal in two frequency bands. In the solution according to the invention, a transmitter/receiver is used which is based on direct conversion and in it, when operating in both frequency bands, the mixing frequency is formed by means of the same synthesizer (340). This is implemented preferably in such a way that in the higher operating frequency, the frequency of the output signal of the synthesizer is used as such as a mixing frequency and when operating in the lower operating frequency, a mixing frequency is used which is obtained by dividing the frequency of the output signal of the synthesizer by two or a larger integer in the divider (311, 361). When the solution according to the invention is used, many synthesizers are not needed in the transmitter/receiver and no intermediate frequency components are needed.

Method for obtaining at least one item of user authentication data

Abstract: A method for obtaining at least one item of user specific data, wherein the user specific data is obtained at least partly by using paging or a short message service.

Programming of a telephone's ringing tone

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for programming a ringing tone of a telephone, wherein, in the telephone, the ringing tone is stored in a ringing tone memory and reproduced by means of sound reproduction devices as a response to an incoming call. In the method, the ringing tone is transformed into characters containing specifications of notes and the characters are sent to the telephone, e.g., in a short message. In the telephone, the received characters are modified into such a form that they can be stored in a memory.

Arrangement for transmitting and receiving radio frequency signal at two frequency bands

Abstract: The present invention relates to an arrangement for transmitting a radio-frequency signal at two different frequency bands and for receiving at two different frequency bands. The arrangement can be applied for instance to a transceiver of a radio communications system operating at two different frequency bands, or to a transceiver meant to be used in connection with two different radio communications systems. One of the ideas of the invention is that one and the same filter (72), belonging to the RF front end of the antenna circuit, is used for filtering interference from at least two signals located at different frequency bands, in which case the number of filters (72, 75) can be reduced. By means of the solution suggested in the invention, also the number of controllable switches (73) provided on the signal path of the RF front end can be minimized.

Mobile station having enhanced standby mode

Abstract: When a mobile station (10) is in a DCCH camping state it monitors its assigned page frame. After making RSSI and possibly also Bit Error Rate/Word Error Rate (BER/WER) measurements the mobile station monitors the rate of change of the RSSI. If the rate of change is small and remains so, the mobile station is assumed to be in a stationary state. After determining that it is stationary, the mobile station may give an audible alert and/or display a message to request the user to confirm that the mobile station is (and will remain) stationary. When in the stationary state the mobile station inhibits making neighbor channel measurements for DCCH reselection. The mobile station continues to monitor its assigned page frame within an assigned digital control channel and to measure its own channel RSSI and possibly also the BER/WER. If these values subsequently indicate that the mobile station is no longer stationary, the mobile station immediately resumes all neighbor channel measurements.

Antenna switching circuits for radio telephones

Abstract: Disclosed are various embodiments of circuitry for coupling first and second transceivers of a dual band radio telephone to integral and external antennas. The circuitry uses impedance matching lengths of transmission lines and switches arranged to provide a minimum insertion loss. Also disclosed is an embodiment for use with a single band radio telephone, such as a digital TDMA radio telephone that either transmits or receives at any given time. Also disclosed is an antenna switching arrangement for a dual band phone that eliminates a requirement for duplexers.

Individual short message service (SMS) options

Abstract: A cellular radiotelephone (10) includes a keypad (22), a memory (24), and a display device (20) for displaying information to a user. The radiotelephone is bidirectionally coupled through a wireless interface to a network operating in accordance with a wireless communication protocol. A method comprises steps of (a) composing a text message in the radiotelephone for transmission to the network, (b) before transmitting the text message, entering information into the radiotelephone for specifying a state of at least one protocol element of the wireless communication protocol for placing the wireless communication protocol into a selected configuration, and (c) transmitting the previously composed text message from the radiotelephone to the network using the selected configuration. The user may also specify that a SMS message transmitted from the radiotelephone be converted to another message type (e.g., a facsimile message, a page message, or an electronic mail message) by the network, before being forwarded by the network. Another method of the invention includes the steps of (a) providing in the memory a plurality of sets of variables, each variable relating to a respective protocol element, (b) composing a text message in the radiotelephone for transmission to the network, (c) entering information into the radiotelephone for specifying a value for a selected variable of one of the sets of variables, (d) selecting one of the sets of variables for placing the wireless communication protocol into a selected configuration, and (e) transmitting the text message from the mobile terminal to the network using the selected configuration.

Filters and duplexers utilizing thin film stacked crystal filter structures and thin film bulk acoustic wave resonators

Abstract: There is provided a Bulk Acoustic Wave Resonator-Stacked Crystal Filter (BAWR-SCF) filtering circuit or device. The BAWR-SCF circuit comprises a first pair of ports, a second pair of ports, a first lead that is connected between a first and a second one of the first pair of ports, and a second lead that is connected between a first and a second one of the second pair of ports. The BAWR-SCF circuit also comprises a first BAW resonator connected in series in the first lead, and a second BAW resonator connected between the first and second leads. The BAWR-SCF further comprises a Stacked Crystal Filter (SCF) having first and second terminals connected in the first lead between the first BAW resonator and the second one of the first pair of ports. The SCF also has a third terminal that is connected to a node of the second lead. The frequency response of the BAWR-SCF circuit has steeply-sloped upper and lower edges that are similar to those yielded by ladder filters which are constructed primarily of BAW resonators. The upper and lower notches of the BAWR-SCF circuit's frequency response are also similar to those yielded by ladder filters which are constructed primarily of BAW resonators. The BAWR-SCF circuit also provides stopband attenuation characteristics that are similar to those yielded by SCFs. Additional BAW resonators connected in a ladder configuration and/or SCFs may also be provided in the BAWR-SCF circuit.

Dual band architectures for mobile stations having transmitter linearization feedback

Abstract: This invention teaches methods and apparatus for providing a low cost, low complexity, and low component count transmitter feedback function for use in mobile station transmitter linearization and self-test operations. Disclosed is a method for operating a mobile station of a type that includes a transmit chain having an output coupled to an antenna and a receive chain having an input coupled to the same or a different antenna. The method includes steps of: during a transmission time, (a) sampling an amplified signal prior to the amplified signal being applied to the antenna for transmission from the transmit chain; (b) downconverting a frequency of the sampled amplified signal to a lower frequency signal using a receive chain local oscillator signal normally used for downconverting a received signal to the first IF; and (c) demodulating the lower frequency signal to a baseband signal with a receive chain demodulator by using a second local oscillator signal that is normally used as a transmit chain modulator injection frequency signal. A further step of the method determines from the baseband signal an amount of predistortion of an input signal to the transmit chain in order to obtain a desired amount of linearization of the amplified signal.

Method and apparatus for directional radio communication

Abstract: A method of directional radio communication between a first station and a second station comprises the steps of determining from at least one signal received at the first station from the second station which of a plurality of different radio environment types is present between said first and second stations. A signal is transmitted from the first station to the second station with at least one parameter of said transmitted signal being dependent on the determined radio environment type.

Method for sending a secure message in a telecommunications system

Abstract: A method for sending a secure message in a telecommunications system using public encryption keys. A sending transceiver encrypts the message c using the sender's own public encryption key Ex to generate Ex(c), and, transmits the encrypted message Ex(c) to a receiving transceiver. The receiving transceiver then encrypts the encrypted message Ex(c) using the encryption key Ey of the intended receiver of the message to generate the message Ey(Ex(c)), and, transmits the message Ey(Ex(c)) back to the sending transceiver. The sending transceiver then decrypts the message Ey(Ex(c)) using sender's private decryption key to generate Dx(Ey(Ex(c))) = Ey(c), and, transmits the message Ey(c) back to the receiving transceiver. The receiving transceiver then either decrypts the message using its own decryption key Dy, if it is the intended receiver of the message, to generate Dy(Ey(c)) = c, or, forwards the message on to the intended receiver of the message, if it is not the intended receiver of the message, where the intended receiver decrypts the message using its own decryption key Dy.