Showing papers by "Northampton Community College published in 1983"

The families of origin of social workers

Abstract: This paper deals with patterns of family experience that precede the social worker's entrance into the profession. The family role of good, parentified child is shown to have been commonly assigned or chosen, with some parallels in later professional functioning. The parentification/infantilization continuum serves as a useful dimension through which to explore overresponsibility and irresponsibility. Self-esteem, a sense of self-sufficiency/insufficiency, and dilemmas of personal/professional individuation are also included, with implications for professional education and professional identity. The role of good-enough social worker is defined and explored.

On Recency and Echoic Memory

Abstract: In short-term memory, the tendency for the last few (recency) items from a verbal sequence to be increasingly well recalled is more pronounced if the items are spoken rather than written. This auditory recency advantage has been quite generally attributed to echoic memory, on the grounds that in the auditory, but not the visual, mode, sensory memory persists just long enough to supplement recall of the most recent items. This view no longer seems tenable. There are now several studies showing that an auditory recency advantage occurs not only in long-term memory, but under conditions in which it cannot possibly be attributed to echoic memory. Also, similar recency phenomena have been discovered in short-term memory when the items are lip-read, or presented in sign-language, rather than heard. This article provides a partial review of these studies, taking a broad theoretical position from which these particular recency phenomena are approached as possible exceptions to a general theory according to which recency is due to temporal distinctiveness. Much of the fresh evidence reviewed is of a somewhat preliminary nature and it is as yet unexplained by any theory of memory. The need for additional, converging experimental tests is obvious; so too is the need for further theoretical development. Several alternative theoretical resolutions are mentioned, including the possibility that enhanced recency may reflect movement, from sequentially occurring stimulus features, and the suggestion that it may be associated with the primary linguistic mode of the individuals concerned. But special weight is attached to the conjecture that all these recency phenomena might be accounted for in terms of distinctiveness or discriminability. On this view, the enhanced recency effects observed with certain modes, including the auditory mode, are attributed to items possessing greater temporal discriminability in those modes.

Buprenorphine, benzodiazepines and respiratory depression

Abstract: We assessed the high incidence of pain after injection of methohexitone while conducting recent studies in out-patients using methohexitone and alfentanil. We tried a combination of two methods of solution of mcthohexitone alter reports that the use of normal saline rather than water reduced thc incidence of pain from 42\"; to 16\",,,' and that pretreatment with lignocaine 10 mg rcduced the incidence from 64\": to 16\",.' Fifty successive unpremedicated patients for outpatient gynaecological surgery received either methohexitone dissolved in normal saline or water on a double blind random basis through a 23G Butterfly (Abbott) in the back of the hand. Spontancous expressions of pain. withdrawal of the hand or wincing werc classified as a painful response. Thirteen ( 5 2 9 3 of those receiving the aqueous solution complained of pain and 16 (64\"J of those in the saline group. The next 100 successive patients also received either methohexitone in saline or water. bul were all pretreated with lignocaine 10 mg. Twcnty-four percent of the aqueous group and 28'; of the saline group complained of pain. The incidence of pain following injection of methohexitone has hccn reported from between 60i,and lO\"<' and is higher in unpremedicated, vasoconstricted patients receiving the injection into a small vein. Numerous methods to reduce thc incidence have been advocated. none with any convincing success. We havc failed to show any significant improvement when dissolving methohexitone in saline, and despite a lower overall significant improvement when pretreating with lignocaine, the final incidence is still higher. This means that more than one in four patients will experience moderate to severe pain after injection of the methohexitone. There is no clear alternative to methohexitone at present, because of its safety record and short duration of action. We suggest that the only method definitely to reduce the incidence of pain is to site the intravenous needle in a large vein in the foream.

The effects of postconditioning revaluation of CS1 and UCS following pavlovian second-order electrodermal conditioning in humans

Abstract: An experiment is described which uses various inferential post-conditioning revaluation techniques in order to clarify the associative substructure underlying Pavlovian electrodermal conditioning in human subjects. This study established a second-order skin conductance response (SCR) by pairing a CS1 with an aversive 115 dB tone (UCS), and then pairing a different stimulus (CS2) with CS1. The second-order SCR survived post-conditioning extinction of the response to CS1, but was abolished when (i) a post-conditioning habituation procedure resulted in a favourable revaluation of the tone UCS, or (ii) when subjects were given instructions which informed them that there would be no more UCS presentations. These results suggest that in the second-order electrodermal conditioning paradigm described, CR2 is not mediated by S-R links–-as it appears to be in second-order aversive conditioning in nonhuman animals–-but is affected by manipulations which modify the subject's cognitions concerning the UCS.

Almost zeros of a set of polynomials of R[s]

Abstract: The notion of an exact zero of a sot of polynomials p of R[s] is extended to that of an almost zero. The almost zeros are defined as minima of a norm function of p and their invariance under a. certain equivalence relation &, defined on p, is established, The region of the complex plane which contains the prime almost zero (global minimum) is defined, and necessary and sufficient conditions characterizing the set of almost zeros are given. The role of almost zeros of p in the zero assignment problem of the combinants of p is investigated. Under the assumption of non-assignability for p, it is shown that the almost zeros act as nearly fixed zeros of the combinants. Every almost zero z is the centre of a disc D(z, R) which contains at least one zero of all combinants of p. The size of the radius R of this disc provides a measure of the ability of the almost zero to attract the zeros of the combinants of p A number of results for estimating upper bounds for the radius R, associated with subfamilies of the ge...

Alcohol and Food Abuse: Some Comparisons

Abstract: Summary The literature concerning alcohol and food abuse is reviewed. Previous researchers in their respective fields of alcoholism, anorexia nervosa and hyperphagia/obesity have often remarked on cross-abuse commonalities. Such supposed commonalities are examined. Sociocultural and familial influences, personality, intemality vs externality, and the concepts of craving, abstinence and relapse are discussed. The Abstinence Violation Effect and catastrophe theory are outlined as models with comment on their applicability. Conclusions and suggestions for subsequent research are proposed.

Foldable chair frame

Abstract: Wire links (41) respectively pivoted at the junctions between the two back members (12) and the two upper brace members (14) of a collapsable lie-back push chair are formed, at their lower ends, with hooks 42 which are permanently connected to the seat back and releasably engagable with the two back members (12) and with the two upper brace members (14). To move the seat back between upright and lie-back positions it is merely necessary to release the hooks 42 from the supporting member and to swing the links 41 until the hooks 42 are engaged in the other of the support members.

Structure, Smith-MacMillan form and coprime MFDs of a rational matrix inside a region P =ω∪{∞}

Abstract: The structure of the Smith-MacMillan form of a rational matrix T(s) inside a region P=ω∪{∞} (where ω is asymmetric with respect to the real axis subset of the finite complex plane C) is determined. Algorithmic procedures based on elementary row and column operations over the euclidean ring R P(s) consisting of all rational functions with no poles in P are given. Coprimeness in P of a pair of rational matrices is studied in detail. These results lead to constructive procedures for determining the coprime in P matrix fraction descriptions of T(a).

Collapsible push chair

Abstract: Two side frames support a seat assembly (25, 31 and 32) for a baby. Each side frame has first and second legs (1 and 2) pivotally connected at adjacent first ends (3 and 4) and a handle shaft (11). When the push chair is erected, with the second ends (5 and 6) of the legs (1 and 2) of each side frame spaced apart, the handle shaft (11) of each side frame is movable between first and second positions in which a handle bar (34) transversely interconnecting the handle shafts (11) is respectively behind the seat assembly (25, 31 and 32), for pushing the baby forwards, and in front of the seat assembly (25, 31 and 32), for pushing the baby backwards. The second leg (2) and the handle shaft (11) of each side frame are also connected by drive means (16 and 17) so that further movement of the handle shaft (11) from its second position to a third position laterally adjacent the first leg (1) is accompanied by corresponding movement of the second leg (2) towards a position laterally adjacent the first leg (1).

A box beam finite element for the elastic analysis of thin-walled structures

Abstract: The purpose of this paper is to present a formulation of a curved thin-walled box beam finite element having a variable cross-section with at least one vertical axis of symmetry. To allow for the effects of warping and distortion, three degrees of freedom have been included in the formulation. These degrees of freedom have been designated as the rate of change of twisting angle, the distortional angle of the cross-section, and the rate of change of distortional angle. The effect of shear lag has also been included. The element may be used for the elastic analysis of a variety of thin-walled structures and in particular for the preliminary analysis of box bridge decks where a three-dimensional analysis may be unnecessary. The accuracy of the element has been demonstrated by comparison of the results obtained with known results from other methods for some examples.

Social wholes and parts

Abstract: parts. Precisely the same notes or words can, simultaneously, be used to compose two different tunes or poems, by restructuring them in different ways. The point about spatially locatable items is that at any one time they in fact do have one set of structural relations that hold between them and not another, whereas in the case of a-spatial entities, there is no restriction on the number of different structural relations that can hold between the same items at one time. The same notes can, at the same time, be structured in two different ways so they compose two different

A performance comparison between an APL interpreter and compiler

Abstract: An analysis of the execution of several simple APL statements illustrates that interpretive overhead in the form of setup time is awesome, and is on the order of 100 times as much as the per-element time. Comparison with an experimental compiler for APL illustrates that the setup time can often be eliminated or reduced greatly, producing code fragments that are more than 300 times as fast in favorable cases. Further work on the compiler should make some compiled code fragments about 500 times as fast as interpreted programs in favorable cases. In less favorable cases, performance improvements of a factor of two are commonplace. Many opportunities remain to improve the performance in such cases. A production compiler based on this work might allow use of APL to solve problems that in the past have been prohibitively expensive for APL solution.

Classification of proper bases of rational vector spaces: minimal MacMillian degree bases

Abstract: The algebraic structure of the get of all proper rational vectors contained in a given rational vector space 𝒯(s) is shown to be that of a noothorian ℝpr (s) -motiulo M*. ( Ropf;pr(a) is the ring of proper rational functions.) The proper submodules Mt of M* form an ascending chain of submodules partially ordered by an invariant of Mt defined as the valuation at s= ∞ ofMt , Tho various bases of Mt are examined and classified according to their property of ‘column reduceness at s = ∞’The concept of a prime column reduced at basis of Mt is introduced. It is shown that tho prime bases of Mt can be further classified by their MacMillan degrees and the existence of minimal MacMillan degree bases for Mt is established. A prime and minimal MacMillan degree basis ofMt extends Forney's concept of a minimal polynomial basis of ∞ (s) for the Rpr Mt -module The MacMillan degrees of the columns of such bases form a set of invariants Mt for which are defined as the 𝒯(s) generalized invariant dynamicol indices o...

Photoacoustic Spectroscopy for the Study of the Adsorption of Dyes on Wool Fabrics

Abstract: Dyes have been applied to different wool fabrics and measurements by photoacoustic spectroscopy showed well-defined absorption bands. Differences were found in the spectral properties of dyes, which appeared visually to be very similar, indicating that photoacoustic spectroscopy may be useful for the identification of dyes on wool fabrics. Photoacoustic spectroscopy was also shown to be capable of measuring two-dye and three-dye combinations and very dark colours. Comparisons with reflectance spectroscopy showed that photoacoustic spectroscopy might usefully complement the results obtained from reflectance measurements.

Curing polyester resins with visible light

Abstract: Radiation curing of unsaturated polyester resin-based compositions offers a number of significant advantages over the use of peroxides and similar free-radical polymerisation initiators; the cure process can be closely controlled, is usually much faster, and the fabricator is not required to measure out, add, and blend-in small quantities of catalyst. However most forms of radiation including ultra violet (UV) involve heavy initial expense and the need to provide shielding to protect personnel. Furthermore UV radiation will not usually penetrate deeply into thick glassfibre-containing compositions owing to the absorption of UV light by both resin and glass. Photoinitiator systems which need only visible light have now been developed however. Using these systems almost any available light source including fluorescent tubes, tungsten filament bulbs and of course natural sunlight and daylight will cause the resin to cure rapidly and completely. By controlling the intensity of the incident light continuous close control of the cure process is easily achieved. The advantages of reduced energy requirements, fast cure,‘one pot’ chemistry and built-in indicators of degree of cure have already led to a number of special applications for visible light curable polyester resins.

Potential Applications For Total Internal Reflection Fibre Optic Sensors

Abstract: A simple displacement fibre optic sensor is proposed which is based upon the principle of frustrated total internal reflection. The simple designs considered overcome the problems inherent with the small distances involved with frustrated total internal reflection.© (1983) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.