Showing papers by "Nova Southeastern University published in 1992"

Symptoms following mild head injury: expectation as aetiology.

Abstract: An affective, somatic, and memory check-list of symptoms was administered to subjects who had no personal experience or knowledge of head injury. Subjects indicated their current experiences of symptoms, then imagined having sustained a mild head injury in a motor vehicle accident, and endorsed symptoms they expected to experience six months after the injury. The checklist of symptoms was also administered to a group of patients with head injuries for comparison. Imaginary concussion reliably showed expectations in controls of a coherent cluster of symptoms virtually identical to the postconcussion syndrome reported by patients with head trauma. Patients consistently underestimated the premorbid prevalence of these symptoms compared with the base rate in controls. Symptom expectations appear to share as much variance with postconcussion syndrome as head injury itself. An aetiological role is suggested.

DSM-III-R anxiety disorders in children: Sociodemographic and clinical characteristics

Abstract: This study investigated the characteristics of each of the specific DSM-III-R (American Psychiatric Association, 1987) anxiety disorders in a clinic sample of 188 anxiety disordered children. Characteristics examined included sociodemographic variables (age-at-intake, gender, and race of the child, and family marital and socioeconomic status) and clinical variables (disorder age-at-onset and severity, and history of additional disorders). Findings are discussed in light of the contemporary literature on childhood anxiety disorders.

C++ How to Program

Abstract: For Introduction to Programming (CS1) and other more intermediate courses covering programming in C++. Also appropriate as a supplement for upper-level courses where the instructor uses a book as a reference for the C++ language. This best-selling comprehensive text is aimed at readers with little or no programming experience. It teaches programming by presenting the concepts in the context of full working programs and takes an early-objects approach. The authors emphasize achieving program clarity through structured and object-oriented programming, software reuse and component-oriented software construction. The Eighth Edition encourages students to connect computers to the community, using the Internet to solve problems and make a difference in our world. All content has been carefully fine-tuned in response to a team of distinguished academic and industry reviewers.

Do childhood anxiety measures measure anxiety

Abstract: The Fear Survey Schedule for Children-Revised (FSSC-R), Revised-Children's Manifest Anxiety Scale (RCMAS), and the Modified State-Trait Anxiety Inventory for Children (STAIC-M) are three widely used self-report measures of childhood anxiety. While previous studies have established the reliability of these measures, their validity in discriminating anxious from non-anxious youngsters remains to be established. The present study examines the discriminant validity of the three measures by comparing clinic referred samples of boys with an anxiety disorder (n = 105) or ADHD (n = 59) with a community sample of never-psychiatrically-ill boys (n = 49). Results indicated that the two patient groups differed significantly from the never-psychiatrically-ill group on the RCMAS and STAIC-M, but the anxious and ADHD groups did not differ from each other. None of the three groups differed on the FSSC-R. The implications of these findings for the assessment of childhood anxiety disorders are discussed.

Environmental regulation of feeding and egg production by Acartia tonsa off southern California

Abstract: The feeding, diet and egg production of the copepod Acartia tonsa were dermined during ten experiments in Los Angeles Harbor, California, between November 1986 and October 1987. Copepods were incubated in situ, in quasi-natural food environments. Water temperatures ranged from 14.6 to 21.5°C. Particulate organic carbon and nitrogen (POC and PON) were high (534 to 3710 μg Cl-1, 51 to 459 Nl-1) but dominated by small ( 8 μm. Plankton biomass was always low. Daily ingestion rates ranged from 3 to 96% of body C; egg production ranged from 4 to 35% of body carbon. Mean ingestion and egg production rates during spring-summer were 1.9 and 1.5 times higher than average for the entire study, respectively. The average gross efficiency of egg production for the study was 80%; the spring-summer mean was 41%. Bivariate and multiple-regression analyses revealed that the ingestion rate was dependent upon both temperature and food availability, but that, below 21°C, egg production depended more upon temperature than upon food concentration. To detect dietary preferences, the composition of diet was compared with that of the food supply. Selective feeding was infrequent, but the diet was often dominated by dinoflagellates and ciliates. It would appear that within metabolic limits governed by temperature, the feeding response of A. tonsa is dependent upon food concentration, while egg production depends more on qualitative attributes of the food supply.

Book review: Computational Models of Scientific Discovery and Theory Formation Edited by Jeff Shrager & Pat Langley (Morgan Kaufmann San Mateo, CA, 1990)

Abstract: This collection of fifteen talks from a 1989 symposium at Stanford comes as a welcome addition to the small literature dealing with scientific and mathematical thinking. Those interested in this subject will want to obtain this book, along with its predecessor (Langley, et al, 1987), an exposition of the topic rather than an edited collection of research reports.

Feeding-Entrained Circadian Rhythms in Fishes

Abstract: There has been sufficient work done in fishes to warrant a review of feeding-entrained rhythmicity, if only for comparative reasons. Relative to the extensive work with laboratory mammals, however, information on this topic in fishes is meager. An attempt at a broad overview at this point is fated from the outset to be data poor and speculation rich; hopefully this paper will, nevertheless, serve a heuristic role. Specifically, the paper addresses five questions regarding feeding entrainment of circadian rhythms in fishes: Does feeding entrain rhythms in fishes? How? Why? So what? and What next?

Social support and suicide potential: preliminary findings for adolescent populations.

Abstract: The relationship between both the quantity and perceived quality of social support and suicidal risk was examined in a sample of 50 adolescents whose ages ranged from 16 to 20 years. A multiple regression analysis was performed, using scores from Cull and Gill's 1983 Suicide Probability Scale as the criterion measure along with the predictor variables of quantity and quality of experienced social support as measured by the 1983 Social Support Questionnaire of Sarason, Levine, Basham, and Sarason. Analysis showed the social support variables accounted for over 52% of the variance in suicide potential. The greatest proportion of the variance in suicide risk was attributable to the quality of the perceived social support. Adolescents at greater risk for suicide were significantly less satisfied with the quality of their social support.

Executive and compensatory memory retraining in traumatic brain injury

Abstract: A controlled treatment outcome study was conducted comparing the efficacy of memory remediation treatment with no treatment on traumatic brain-injury patients. The memory remediation treatment consisted of both compensatory and executive training skills and was delivered 6 hours weekly over a 2 1/2-week period. Six subjects in the treatment group and 6 subjects in the control group were matched on WAIS-R FSIQ scores, pre-test memory scores and age. Pre- and post-test measures were obtained for both groups on a paragraph memory task. A significant difference was demonstrated between the treatment and control post-test memory scores. The experimental group significantly improved memory scores beyond that of the control group, suggesting that memory remediation is effective for head-injury patients with memory deficits. Discussion of findings and suggestions for further investigation are presented.

Coaches are people too: An applied model of stress management for sports coaches

Abstract: This paper examines the growing concern over stress among sports coaches. In particular, it provides an applied model of stress management in coaching which explores some of the significant causes of stress and outlines a five-step stress management program designed to address the special needs and concerns of coaches. The model is based on an integration of previous theoretical and empirical research both within and outside of sports. The first step, perceptions of coaching, assists coaches in understanding their perceptions, beliefs, and motivations for coaching. The second step, identification of primary stressors, involves clarifying to coaches their most significant sources of stress. The third step, identification of symptomatology, allows for the specification of the manner in which the stress is manifested in the individual coaches. The fourth step, development of coping skills, provides a structure within which coaches may cope effectively with stresson. Finally, the fifth step, building...

Connecting and separating family and business: A relational approach to consultation

Abstract: A number of theoretical orientations to family business consultation have been proposed and developed. This article acknowledges these contributions but sets out to take afresh look at the process, using the interconnected notions of relationship and context to organize the discussion. Case examples are provided as illustration.

Maltreatment in psychiatrically hospitalized dually diagnosed adolescent substance abusers.

Abstract: The medical charts of 150 consecutive admissions of dually diagnosed substance abusing adolescents admitted to a psychiatric hospital were examined to determine the extent and characteristics of maltreatment. Results indicated that 61% of the sample experienced or had a history that warranted suspicion of past and/or current maltreatment. Physical abuse was the most frequent form of maltreatment, followed by sexual abuse and neglect. Thirty-seven percent of patients experienced multiple forms of maltreatment. Maltreated patients had significantly more hospitalizations than their nonmaltreated counterparts on the same unit. Moreover, the age of maltreated patients was significantly lower than nonmaltreated patients, perhaps indicating an earlier age of onset of psychiatric illness and/or substance abuse. Analyses of parental substance abuse and psychiatric history among the maltreated and nonmaltreated groups revealed no significant findings. Results are discussed in terms of the following: (1) increased risk of subsequent substance abuse in maltreated children; (2) need for systematic assessment of child maltreatment in psychological or psychiatric evaluations; and (3) importance of treatment to deal with abuse or neglect as part of a comprehensive substance abuse intervention strategy.

The Design of OS/2

Abstract: Written by the leading architect of 32-bit OS/2 and an operating systems expert, this book examines in detail the internal structure of the new 32-bit version of OS/2. The comprehensive coverage provides insights into the decisions and philosophy underlying the design of OS/2.

The spatial distribution of silicoflagellates in the region of the Gulf Stream warm-core ring 82B: application to water mass tracer studies

Abstract: To delineate potential water mass affinities, we investigated silicoflagellates from the region of Gulf Stream warm-core ring (WCR) 82B in the northwestern Atlantic. Silicoflagellates from 202 samples from N-S and an E-W transects across WCR 82B during late April were analysed. Shelf to Sargasso Sea transects, one completed in early May and the other in June 1982 were also examined. Eight to 11 vertical profiles to 200 m comprised each of the transects. Six taxa of silicoflagellates were found in the samples studied and a total of more than 8000 specimens were encountered. Three major taxa dominated standing stocks: Distephanus speculum, Dictyocha messanensis (intermediate-sized form) and D. mandrai. D. speculum, considered a cold-water taxon in the literature, showed a higher standing stock in the cooler high-velocity region (HVR) of the warm-core ring, continental shelf (SH) and slope (SL) waters. Fewer were present in the wanner ring center (RC), Gulf Stream (GS) and Sargasso Sea (SS). D. mandrai showed a similar distribution to that of D. speculum, but its preference for slightly warmer waters (>~10°C) was noted. In contrast, Dictyocha messanensis (intermediate-sized) and Distephanus pulchra, known to be warm-water taxa, were relatively abundant in the warm ring center. In contrast to standing stock data, ratios between cold- and warm-water taxa correlate well with temperature and salinity in the warm-core ring. Since these ratios are not effected by convective loss, they are excellent water mass tracers in this system. Distribution of the silicoflagellate taxa suggests that WCR82B April had a higher affinity with the Gulf Stream than the Sargasso Sea. Scores derived from factor analysis indicate that silicoflagellate species distributions are highly correlative with water masses. This was evident from correlations with temperature, salinity and with distance from ring center. Nutrients were generally not correlated with species data. This may be due to deep vertical mixing in the ring center of 82B in April that resulted in loss of plankton cells below the euphotic zone which was responsible for low silicoflagellate standing stock. Silicoflagellate productivity, measured as % double skeletons of D. speculum, was approximately the same in all water masses. This result is consistent with the hypothesized plankton population loss due to the convection.

Qualitative Research: Central Tendencies and Ranges

Abstract: It is always interesting to listen closely when someone says, "Qualitative research is..." or curious to read intently an article or book which prominently features "qualitative research" in the title, and then experience a strange, defamiliarization process as the words of the conversation, lecture, article, or book don't seem to fit your notion of what "qualitative research" is and isn't. Well, you are not alone in your confusion. As far as I know, no one has copy rights on the term so it ends up meaning a variety of things for a variety of people. As a matter of fact, that is the most important point: Qualitative research can be a diverse, rich, and sometimes selfcontradictory world of inquiry. Meta-analyses of qualitative research methods and philosophies are quite common in the field and serve as good introductions to this diversification of approach. In this short essay I offer one such examination of the field by presenting a series of couplets which help to exemplify central tendencies (CT) and ranges (R) of qualitative research. Creative Commons License This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-Share Alike 4.0 License. This article is available in The Qualitative Report: http://nsuworks.nova.edu/tqr/vol1/iss4/4 Qualitative Research: Central Tendencies and Ranges by Ronald J. Chenail The Qualitative Report, Volume 1, Number 4, Fall, 1992 It is always interesting to listen closely when someone says, "Qualitative research is..." or curious to read intently an article or book which prominently features "qualitative research" in the title, and then experience a strange, defamiliarization process as the words of the conversation, lecture, article, or book don't seem to fit your notion of what "qualitative research" is and isn't. Well, you are not alone in your confusion. As far as I know, no one has copy rights on the term so it ends up meaning a variety of things for a variety of people. As a matter of fact, that is the most important point: Qualitative research can be a diverse, rich, and sometimes selfcontradictory world of inquiry. Meta-analyses of qualitative research methods and philosophies are quite common in the field and serve as good introductions to this diversification of approach. In this short essay I offer one such examination of the field by presenting a series of couplets which help to exemplify central tendencies (CT) and ranges (R) of qualitative research.

A Case for Clinical Qualitative Research

Abstract: For the most part, that which is called qualitative research has been developed, understood, and justified within scientific and quantitative contexts. Sharing common interests (e.g., description, interpretation, criticism, subjectivity, etc.) with this scientific qualitative research are two contrasting traditions of research and practice, which have originated and evolved in domains of inquiry other than science and technology, namely those methods and ways of knowing from the arts and humanities, and from the clinical fields. This latter type, clinical qualitative or practitioner-generated research, is defined and contrasted with the scientific and artistic varieties. A number of clinical qualitative research projects are presented from the field of family therapy, which demonstrate how clinical inquiry may be conducted from a therapist's way of acting and knowing, or may be focused on learning more about a therapist's way of practicing and thinking in the world. Finally, implications of conducting clinical qualitative research or practitioner-generated inquiry in traditional research environments is discussed. This article is available in The Qualitative Report: http://nsuworks.nova.edu/tqr/vol1/iss4/1 A Case for Clinical Qualitative Research* by Ronald J. Chenail The Qualitative Report, Volume 1, Number 4, Fall, 1992 Abstract For the most part, that which is called qualitative research has been developed, understood, and justified within scientific and quantitative contexts. Sharing common interests (e.g., description, interpretation, criticism, subjectivity, etc.) with this scientific qualitative research are two contrasting traditions of research and practice, which have originated and evolved in domains of inquiry other than science and technology, namely those methods and ways of knowing from the arts and humanities, and from the clinical fields. This latter type, clinical qualitative or practitioner-generated research, is defined and contrasted with the scientific and artistic varieties. A number of clinical qualitative research projects are presented from the field of family therapy, which demonstrate how clinical inquiry may be conducted from a therapist's way of acting and knowing, or may be focused on learning more about a therapist's way of practicing and thinking in the world. Finally, implications of conducting clinical qualitative research or practitionergenerated inquiry in traditional research environments is discussed.For the most part, that which is called qualitative research has been developed, understood, and justified within scientific and quantitative contexts. Sharing common interests (e.g., description, interpretation, criticism, subjectivity, etc.) with this scientific qualitative research are two contrasting traditions of research and practice, which have originated and evolved in domains of inquiry other than science and technology, namely those methods and ways of knowing from the arts and humanities, and from the clinical fields. This latter type, clinical qualitative or practitioner-generated research, is defined and contrasted with the scientific and artistic varieties. A number of clinical qualitative research projects are presented from the field of family therapy, which demonstrate how clinical inquiry may be conducted from a therapist's way of acting and knowing, or may be focused on learning more about a therapist's way of practicing and thinking in the world. Finally, implications of conducting clinical qualitative research or practitionergenerated inquiry in traditional research environments is discussed.

In Pursuit of Aesthetic Research Provocations

Abstract: In keeping with new narrative metaphors in the family therapy field and new epistemological approaches to clinical interaction, literature as a paradigm for qualitative inquiry and evaluation is discussed. Description of a research project that explores how fictional literature can be integrated into graduate programs reveals a multilayered, aesthetic approach to family therapy research and training as well as the design of project-specific methodology (Chenail, 1992a). This article is available in The Qualitative Report: http://nsuworks.nova.edu/tqr/vol1/iss4/2 In Pursuit of Aesthetic Research Provocations by Barbara A. Kaufman The Qualitative Report, Volume 1, Number 4, Fall, 1992 Abstract In keeping with new narrative metaphors in the family therapy field and new epistemological approaches to clinical interaction, literature as a paradigm for qualitative inquiry and evaluation is discussed. Description of a research project that explores how fictional literature can be integrated into graduate programs reveals a multi-layered, aesthetic approach to family therapy research and training as well as the design of project-specific methodology (Chenail, 1992a).In keeping with new narrative metaphors in the family therapy field and new epistemological approaches to clinical interaction, literature as a paradigm for qualitative inquiry and evaluation is discussed. Description of a research project that explores how fictional literature can be integrated into graduate programs reveals a multi-layered, aesthetic approach to family therapy research and training as well as the design of project-specific methodology (Chenail, 1992a). In Pursuit of Aesthetic Research Provocations Few scholarly experiences have excited (and exhausted) me as has my dissertation project regarding training family therapists. Although the project came to a formal end (I am currently inundated with bound copies of the dissertation), it continues to grow and expand in a variety of ways: I have been called upon to design several graduate level courses incorporating my ideas about aesthetic approaches to teaching and learning, many students have asked for copies of my work, and I have been asked to describe what I did and how I decided to do "it." Reflecting back upon this intriguing process, I am thankful for the openness and flexibility of my doctoral program's faculty (at Nova University's School of Social and Systemic Studies in Ft. Lauderdale, Florida). Throughout the research design, I was invited and given every opportunity, both as a clinical researcher and researching clinician, to contemplate and to play with provocative questions about investigative inquiry (Chenail, 1990/91). I was continually encouraged to explore myriad possibilities and to create a project-specific methodology (Chenail, 1992a). This, in turn, led to new questions about qualitative evaluation, multiple perspectives about my research, and a multi-layered approach to data analysis. In order to review these ideas, I will attempt to retrace the particularities of the project, the development of my research design, and methodological choice points. In doing so, the passage of time and the creative act of my recollections may transform the original experiences and activities. During such a transformation process, admittedly, something may be lost and something may be gained (Reinharz, 1983). Readers of this description are invited to further transform my re-constructions, thereby contributing to the ongoing narrative about the project. Description of the Project and Setting the Context In keeping with new narrative metaphors in the family therapy field [See Carlos Sluzki's (1992) paper in Family Process Editor's Note] and new epistemological approaches to clinical interaction, I explored how fictional literature could be useful in training graduate students. A few family therapy educators describe the gradual integration of stories and novels into their courses and programs (Gale, 1990; Rambo, 1989; White, 1989/90). I decided to design a didactic module based upon excerpts from the four volumes of The Alexandria Quartet by Lawrence Durrell (1961a, 1961b, 1961c, 1961d). The Quartet is a tale of many truths or the unknowable nature of an ultimate one. The story is told from differing viewpoints and time sequences, portraying a richness of multiple voices and the unpredictability of human experience. A brief description of The Quartet provided participants with an overview of The Quartet's myriad plots and complex outcomes. This information offered a context for understanding the module's excerpts. The module also presented definitions of two clinically useful concepts frequently associated with the new epistemologies, multiple perspectives and uncertainty of outcome, followed by two literary illustrations of each concept. The choice of excerpts involved careful analysis of The Quartet for exemplary relationships and experiences that conveyed these key concepts. Descriptions of each interaction or event were located across the four volumes, and several passages for each concept were identified. This process included "why . . . leave out this and include that?" (Schneidau, 1987, p. 139) and was likened to Langer's (1957) description of artistic intuition, starting with the perception of the whole and then progressing to distinctions among its parts. Emplotment Participants were students who had completed their initial year of training in the Ph.D. Family Therapy program in the School of Social and Systemic Studies of Nova University. The project was based upon analysis of three in-depth interviews with each student-trainee. During the initial interview, participants responded to general questions regarding familiarity with the new epistemologies, or any of their concepts, and potential or actual applicability to their clinical work. A brief information sheet elicited descriptive data about the participants' background. A second interview was conducted the following week after they read the module to delve into the particularities of this training experience. As an open-ended forum, participants chose whatever aspects of the module they wanted to elaborate upon. I shared my initial findings during a third interview 2 months later. Designing Project-Specific Methodology Having been trained extensively in conventional and experimental methodology, I had learned the value of these approaches yet I wanted to come up with a methodology that "fit" and corresponded with the aesthetic nature of my project. Once again, the recurring themes of narrative metaphors and new epistemological approaches to clinical interaction emerged. I began to explore alternate approaches, feeling a bit like Alice falling through a hole to Wonderland, a new and different place. I journeyed through journals and books outside the family therapy field in such areas as phenomenology, education, and anthropology. I interacted and reacted to the writings of Amedio Giorgi, Elliot Eisner, and Michael Agar, to name a just few. It was exciting, overwhelming, and confusing all at once. I wrote to several clinicians and researchers, many of whom willingly shared their resources which engaged me in stimulating dialogue and motivated me to re-examine my assumptions. I discovered that in an effort to capture the richness of human experience, many authors suggested a focus on process, discovery, and ambiguity to complement traditional scientific models (Atkinson, Heath, & Chenail, 1991; Chenail, 1992a, 1992b; Eisner & Peshkin, 1990; Guba, 1990; Hoshmand, 1989; Keeney & Morris, 1985a, 1985b; Leininger, 1985; Moon, Dillon & Sprenkle, 1990; Schon, 1983). In addition, some researchers specifically addressed the advantages of exploring literary works, music, and the arts as meaningful resources for clinical, research, and evaluation efforts (Chenail, 1992b; Chenail & Fortugno, 1991; Eisner, 1979, 1985; Greene, 1988; Guba, 1990; Polkinghorne, 1988; Ross, 1988; Schon, 1983). Aesthetic modes of research, such as narrative approaches, open-ended interviews, and thematic analysis, were being described separately. They seemed interrelated to me as I wove them together for a projectspecific method.

Podocerus kleidus, new species from the Florida keys (Crustacea, Amphipoda, Dulichiidae)

Abstract: Podocerus kleidus, a new species from high-current channels in the Florida Keys, is described The species is very close to P fulanus from marine channels in California but differs in the strongly cleft coxa I The genus Podocerus was reviewed recently by Thomas and Barnard (1992) The new species at hand does not alter the new diagnosis in that presentation The species diagnosis fits the new diagnostic form presented by Thomas and Barnard (1992) Dulichiidae Podocerinae Podocerus kleidus new species Figures 1-3 Etymology -Latinized from the Greek, "kleidos," key Diagnosis of Male -Lateral cephalic lobe weakly protruding in mammilliform shape, eyes lacking dark pigment core, scarcely situated behind anterior margin of head and on lower margin; accessory flagellum I-articulate, elongate; antenna 2 elongate, about as long as body Antenna 2 reaching almost to end of peduncle on antenna 1, flagella of antennae moderately short and of antenna 2 with few articles, 6 on antenna 1, 3 on antenna 2, flagellum of antenna 2 only setose, no major spines present Epistome sharply produced, anterior margin of upper lip with weakly produced anterior keel Coxa I extended forward, cleft into 2 sharp unequal lobes, coxa 2 without medial stridulation flange, lacking "grit" Article 5 of gnathopod 1 as long as article 6, article 5 lacking scaliform pattern, bearing subquadrate posterior lobe, article 6 trapezoidal, lacking lateral groups of comblike short setae, palm very oblique, defining end of palm scarcely extended and swollen, bearing 4-5 thick spines, dactyl shorter than palm, posterior margin of article 6 shorter than palm, dactyl with 4 inner spines Outer face of article 2 on gnathopod 2 lacking stridulation humps, both anterodistal corners with mammilliform lobe, article 4 weakly extended distally and bearing 3 thick spines, article 6 large, elongate, palm oblique, less than half as long as article 6, carved into one broad minutely castellate distal hump, with weak defining acclivity bearing thick spine, palm and posterior margin sparsely furnished with short and medium setae; dactyl with basal hump fitting into distal hollow of palm Article 2 of pereopods 3-7 poorly expanded in context of genus, anterior margins on pereopods 3-4 and posterior margins on pereopods 5-6 poorly setose (in context of genus), article 2 of pereopod 7 poorly setose; article 2 of pereopod 5 feeble, of pereopod 6 with scarcely extended posteroventral corner, of pereopod 7 with sloping, weakly setose posteroventral corner Anterior margins of articles 4-6 on pereopods 3-4 and similar posterior margins on pereopods 5-7 with (in context) relatively sparse small clusters of setae set in weak notches, for example, setal groups on article 4 of pereopods 3-7 = 1-1-2-2-2; posterior margins on article 6

The adolescent pragmatics screening scale: A comparison of language‐impaired students, bilingual/Hispanic students, and regular education students

Abstract: This study compares the pragmatic performance of adolescent students from three groups: language‐impaired students, bilingual/limited‐English‐proficient (LEP) students, and regular education students. A developed pragmatic screening scale (i.e., Adolescent Pragmatics Screening Scale) was used to measure pragmatic performance. The findings of this study indicate that the language‐impaired students had difficulty expressing themselves, establishing greetings, initiating and maintaining conversations, and listening to a speaker. These difficulties may place language‐impaired students at risk for failure to follow and complete classroom lessons and failure to participate in classroom discussions. Bilingual/Hispanic students had difficulties making requests of others and listening to a speaker. These difficulties may place the bilingual/Hispanic students at risk for failure in cooperative learning situations in the classroom. Implications of this study for the speech‐language pathologist and for future researc...

Slow and medium afterhyperpolarizations in maturing rat hippocampal CA1 neurones.

Abstract: The postnatal evolution of the signals underlying the afterhyperpolarization (slow-AHP and medium-AHP) was studied in rat CA1 hippocampal neurones (P10-16, P17-23 and P greater than 26) using in vitro slices. Noradrenaline (NA) and signal subtraction were used to decompose the AHP (m-AHP and s-AHP). The amplitude of the s-AHP was found significant between P10-16 and P17-23 cells; the m-AHP showed no significant change. The time to peak of the s-AHP of the P greater than 26 cells was found to be significantly different from the remaining groups; the m-AHP showed no significant change. The changes in waveform and amplitude of the AHP at this stage were found to be mainly due to the modifications of the slow-AHP.

Use of the Revised Developmental Test of Visual-Motor Integration with chronic mentally ill adult population.

Abstract: From the Nova University Geriatric Institute, for 30 outpatients ranging in age from 55 to 80 years old, significant moderate Pearson correlations (.40 to .54) obtained between the raw scores of the Revised Developmental Test of Visual-motor Integration standardized for children ages 2 1/2 years through 19 years and the WAIS-R subscale IQs. Further, scores on the Recall administration of the Benton Revised Visual Retention Test were significantly correlated with the performance on Beery's developmental test. Also, scores on Beery's test were correlated with estimates of adaptive functioning made by the staff for each patient.

Podocerus chelonophilus, a testudinous amphipod newly recorded from the western Atlantic Ocean.

Abstract: Podocerus chelonophilus (=P. cheloniae), an amphipod inhabiting the carapace of the loggerhead turtle, Caretta caretta, is reported for the first time from the western Atlantic Ocean. Previously, this amphipod had been reported only from the eastern Atlantic Ocean in the Azores Islands and in the Mediterranean Sea along the shores of Algeria. The record by Stebbing (1888) stated simply "Atlantic" and may have been from the western Atlantic because the CHALLENGERExpedition traversed those waters. This species was described twice in 1888, with the name P. chelonophilus Chevreux and de Guerne, 1888 (February 1888) taking priority over the name P. cheloniae Stebbing, 1888 (December 1888) according to a footnote on page 115 in Chevreux (1900). Stebbing (1906) retained both species as distinct in his world monograph. In the opinion of the few subsequent students who have reported on the species, the specimen described as C. cheloniae by Stebbing (1888) is believed to exhibit juvenile features on article 2 of pereopods 3-4. It should be, therefore, a synonym of C. chelonophilus Chevreux and de Guerne (1888), the description of which was based on adult males and females. Article 2 of pereopods 3-4 in juveniles is relatively more swollen and has fewer and longer setae than do adults. This is quite typical of many species of amphipods and we agree with this conclusion. We present a review of Podocerus with a new diagnosis, list of species, principal references to those species, and a redescription of P. chelonophilus. Numbers in brackets are geographic codes to be found in Barnard and Barnard (1983). In our figures capital letters refer to parts; lower case letters to left of capital letters refer to specimens (if no letter present, then figure is unattributed) and to the right refer to adjectives as described below: A, antenna; B, body; D, dactyl; E, epimera; G, gnathopod; J, epistome marked by arrow; M, mandible; P, pereopod; R, uropod; S, maxilliped; T, telson; U, upper lip; V, palp; X, maxilla; r, right; t, left. Podoceridae Podocerinae

Inverse Modeling of the Action-Balance Equation. Part I: Source Expansion and Adjoint-Model Equations

Abstract: In this paper a series of numerical experiments is defined to explore the inverse modeling of the action-balance equation governing the evolution of the surface gravity wave field, using the adjoint data-assimation model-optimization procedure of Thacker and Long. We begin by exploiting power series, functional power series, and a variety of physical and mathematical considerations to derive a systematic expansion of the source terms in this equation for the deep-water case. This expansion, which naturally incorporates a Thacker representation for the nonlinear transfer from wave–wave interaction, defines a set of dimensionless expansion coefficients to be determined by the inverse modeling and identifies the simplified cases to be investigated in the numerical experiments. Dimensional analysis determines a natural scaling for each term in this expansion and suggests a general form for the whitecap dissipation term, which includes as a special case the form proposed by Hasselmann, determining the...