Office of Education

About: Office of Education is a other organization based out in Washington D.C., District of Columbia, United States. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Primary education & Higher education. The organization has 485 authors who have published 556 publications receiving 9735 citations.

Race Is Not Neutral: A National Investigation of African American and Latino Disproportionality in School Discipline

Abstract: Discipline practices in schools affect the social quality of each educa- tional environment, and the ability of children to achieve the academic and social gains essential for success in a 21st century society. We review the documented patterns of office discipline referrals in 364 elementary and middle schools during the 2005-2006 academic year. Data were reported by school personnel through daily or weekly uploading of office discipline referrals using the Web-based School-wide Information System. Descriptive and logistic regression analyses indicate that students from African American families are 2.19 (elementary) to 3.78 (middle) times as likely to be referred to the office for problem behavior as their White peers. In addition, the results indicate that students from African American and Latino families are more likely than their White peers to receive expulsion or out of school suspension as consequences for the same or similar problem behavior. These results extend and are consistent with a long history of similar findings, and argue for direct efforts in policy, practice, and research to address ubiquitous racial and ethnic disparities in school discipline.

Social Stories: Improving Responses of Students with Autism with Accurate Social Information:

Abstract: Cincinnati, Ohio A student with autism was asked what makes his teacher laugh. He responded, &dquo;Boy, I don’t even know that. I guess I’ll never know about that.&dquo; The social impairment associated with autism is reflected in his answer, as it is in the many behaviors associated with this complex disorder. To further understand the social behavior of persons with autism, researchers have focused on social cognition -the cognitive skills required for social interaction. This area of research has dismissed some longheld beliefs, while piecing together a new understanding of the social and behavioral challenges facing persons with autism. Social cognition research helps to explain the effectiveness of a new approach to teaching social behavior that centers around social stories. Social stories are short stories that describe social situations in terms of relevant social cues and often define

Shared Decision Making: Examining Key Elements And Barriers To Adoption Into Routine Clinical Practice

Abstract: For many patients, the time spent meeting with their physician—the clinical encounter—is the most opportune moment for them to become engaged in their own health through the process of shared decision making. In the United States shared decision making is being promoted for its potential to improve the health of populations and individual patients, while also helping control care costs. In this overview we describe the three essential elements of shared decision making: recognizing and acknowledging that a decision is required; knowing and understanding the best available evidence; and incorporating the patient’s values and preferences into the decision. To achieve the promise of shared decision making, more physicians need training in the approach, and more practices need to be reorganized around the principles of patient engagement. Additional research is also needed to identify the interventions that are most effective.

Generalizing From Single Case Studies

Abstract: Although studies of single cases occur throughout research fields, they are only recently beginning to appear in evaluation. These studies are difficult to generalize from, because statistical techniques do not apply. This article offers a variety of suggestions for logically analyzing the relationship between a single case and a population so that reasonable generalizations may be possible. Methodologies used by clinicians and by court justices are also examined for their relevance to evaluation methodology.

A comparison of web-based and paper-based survey methods: testing assumptions of survey mode and response cost.

Abstract: Web-based surveys have become more prevalent in areas such as evaluation, research, and marketing research to name a few The proliferation of these online surveys raises the question, how do response rates compare with traditional surveys and at what cost? This research explored response rates and costs for Web-based surveys, paper surveys, and mixed-mode surveys The participants included evaluators from the American Evaluation Association (AEA) Results included that mixed-mode, while more expensive, had higher response rates