Showing papers by "P A College of Engineering published in 2018"

Heat transfer analysis of plain and dimpled tubes with different spacings

Abstract: Heat transfer enhancement by modifying the surface of tubes is commonly practiced throughout the world. Grooves, dimples, flutes or corrugations are placed inside and outside the surface of tubes and channels for enhancement. In this article, a novel method for heat transfer enhancement by varying the spacing between the tubes is reported. A comparison is made between the heat transfer performance of plain tubes and dimpled tubes at different spacings. For analysis, an experimental setup is fabricated and assembled. The flow is externally forced laminar flow of air over a hot tube maintained at constant temperature. Four different velocities of air 0.4, 0.6, 0.8, and 1.0 m/s are considered in this study. Tube surface temperature, heat transfer coefficient, heat transfer rate and Nusselt number are the parameters studied to analyze the thermal behavior of tubes at different spacings of 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, 2.5, 3.0, and 3.5 cm. From the experimental investigation it is found that, apart from heat transfer enhancement by providing dimples on the tube surfaces, there is an optimal spacing between the tubes after which no further improvement is obtained. In this study, 3.0 cm is found to be the optimal spacing for both plain and dimpled tubes. However, the percentage value of heat transfer enhancement is greater with optimal spacing and for all velocities of air in dimpled tubes.

A Survey:On the Waveforms for 5G

Abstract: OFDM is a multicarrier modulation technique which divides the high rate data stream in to multiple low rate data streams. The low rate data streams are modulated using subcarriers which are orthogonal to each other. The property of orthogonality allows simultaneous transmission of lot of subcarriers in a tight frequency space without interfering with each other, so the spectral efficiency in OFDM is improved. OFDM mitigates Inter Symbol Interference(ISI), since OFDM divides the wide band frequency selective fading channel in to many narrow flat sub channels. So OFDM is one of the dominant technology used in 4G/TD-LTE/LTE-Advanced communication systems. However OFDM can hardly meet the requirement for future 5G networks, since OFDM has high OOB and OFDM can support a only one kind of waveform in the whole Bandwidth. This paper presents a fair comparison of the waveform candidate for 5G. Basic principles and characteristics of 5G waveforms namely filter bank multi carrier (FBMC) universal filtered multicarrier(UFMC),generalized frequency division multiplexing (GFDM) and filtered OFDM (F-OFDM) are discussed.

ER stress and genomic instability induced by gamma radiation in mice primary cultured glial cells

Abstract: Ionizing radiation induces various pathophysiological conditions by altering central nervous system (CNS) homeostasis, leading to neurodegenerative diseases. However, the potential effect of ionizing radiation response on cellular physiology in glial cells is unclear. In the present study, micronucleus test, comet assay, and RT-PCR were performed to investigate the potential effect of gamma radiation in cultured oligodendrocytes and astrocytes with respect to genomic instability, Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) stress, and inflammation. Further, we studied the effect of alteration in ER stress specific gene expression in cortex post whole body radiation in mice. Results showed that exposure of gamma radiation of 2Gy in-vitro cultured astrocytes and oligodendrocytes and 7Gy in-vivo induced ER stress and Inflammation along with profuse DNA damage and Chromosomal abnormality. Additionally, we observed downregulation of myelin basic protein levels in cultured oligodendrocytes exposed to radiation. The present data suggests that ER stress and pro inflammatory cytokines serve as the major players in inducing glial cell dysfunction post gamma irradiation along with induction of genomic instability. Taken together, these results indicate that ER stress, DNA damage, and inflammatory pathways may be critical events leading to glial cell dysfunction and subsequent cell death following exposure to ionizing radiation.

Enhancing thermal behavior of SiC nanopowder and SiC/Water nanofluid by using cryogenic treatment

Abstract: Deep Cryogenic treatment (DCT) is a cooling treatment which may be applied to materials at a low temperature of −196 °C, and in the present work is subjected to Silicon carbide nanopowder. Thermal ...

An expert system for distribution system reconfiguration through fuzzy logic and flower pollination algorithm

Abstract: Distribution system optimization is one of the essential undertaking should be tended to for productive power system operation A large number of the advancement methodologies were completed at dis

A Study on Usage of Total Productive Maintenance (TPM) in Selected SMEs

Abstract: In the present competitive economic environment, it is very much essential for the manufacturing plants to achieve world class operation standards along with high quality and timely delivery of goods. This requires excellent maintenance practices to increase the availability of the machines, to reduce production cost and to produce goods with desired quality level. Total Productive Maintenance (TPM) implementation is an approach to improve the performance of maintenance activities. It aims to maximize the equipment effectiveness by the total participation of all employees. But most of the manufacturing plants are not able to harvest the benefits of TPM practices due to lack of planning and proper awareness. This work is carried out in order to study the usage of TPM in the selected SMEs (Small and Medium sized Enterprises). A total of 50 SMEs involving manufacturing, process and service industries are considered for the study. The primary data is collected through a structured questionnaire consisting of 24 questions related to TPM implementation. The respondents are randomly selected involving chief executives, engineers, managers and supervisors. A five point Likert scale is selected to rate the respondent's opinion. The results are analysed using simple graphical representations and conclusions are drawn based on the feedback obtained from the respondents. It has been found that 52% of SMEs (26 out of 50) have adopted TPM in their organizations and remaining 48% have not yet implemented TPM. The study helps to find out the extent to which the TPM being used in SMEs and what are the possible reasons for not implementing TPM.

Analysis of rain fall and the temperature of Coimbatore District using land use and land cover change detection by image segmentation

Abstract: Image segmentation is a process has done for the classification of high resolution remote sensing images in the present research work. The segmentation results are capable of influencing the subsequent process effects. An image can be partitioned into a number of disjoint segments which is used to represent the image structures. It is found that it is more compact to represent an image and the low level and high structures can be combined. There are different types of methods to segment an image namely, threshold-based, edge-based and region-based. Region growing approach is image segmentation methods in which the neighboring pixels are examined and merged with the class region in case of no edges are detected. The iteration is done for every pixel boundary. Unlike gradient and Laplacian methods, the edges of the region are found by the region growing and it is perfectly their region. The images are determined by the LANDSAT TM satellite data. The remote sensing technique is used for collecting information about the Coimbatore district. The sensed data is a key to many diverse applications. The contribution of this work for Coimbatore district is to find the change of the Land used and Land covered in the entire region and also to find the changes in the green lands, vegetation and Land surface utilized for urban area. The neighboring regions are taken into account and the similarities are checked in the growing process. No single region is allowed to dominate the entire proceedings. A certain number of regions are allowed to grow at a time. Comparable regions will gradually combine into expanding regions. The Control of these methods may be quite complicated but efficient methods have been developed. The directions of growing pixels are easy and efficient to implement on parallel computers. The threshold-based segmentation is completely depending on the gray level images which regards the reflectivity of the featured images. It determines a threshold based on brightness of the ground objects. It is purely from the image background. But it is rapid and its uncertainty is significant. It is not convenient to process multi-spectral images.

Influence of Ultra Injection Pressure with Dynamic Injection Timing on CRDI Engine Performance using Simarouba Biodiesel Blends

Abstract: This paper presents an experimental investigation carried out on a “single cylinder diesel engine upgraded with a common rail direct injection (CRDI) system. Tests were conducted by fuelling high-speed diesel (HSD) and Simarouba biodiesel (SOME) blends to study the influence of injection pressure (IPR) and injection timing (ITG) on the performance and emissions. Four unique IPR of 400 bar, 600 bar, 800 bar and 1000 bar with four different ITG of 10°, 13°, 15° and 18° before top dead center (bTDC) combinations were taken for study with the engine loading varied from 25% to full load. Critical performance parameter like brake thermal efficiency (BTE) and brake specific fuel consumption (BSFC) were calculated, while, the primary emission parameters of the diesel engine, the NOx and smoke opacity were recorded. From the results it is concluded that the given engine recorded favourable results at IPR- ITG combination of 800 bar and 13° bTDC for all fuels tested at higher load conditions specifically at 75% load to full load. Among the different fuels investigated SOME30 yielded the best performance and moderate emission at this combination of IPR- ITG.

Big Data Science in Building Medical Data Classifier Using Naïve Bayes Model

Abstract: currently, maintenance of clinical databases has become a crucial task in the medical field. The patient data consisting of various features and diagnostics related to disease should be entered with the utmost care to provide quality services. As the data stored in medical databases may contain missing values and redundant data, mining of the medical data becomes cumbersome. As it can affect the results of mining, it is essential to have good data preparation and data reduction before applying data mining algorithms. Prediction of disease becomes quick and easier if data is precise and consistent and free from noise. One of the key specialty of Naive Bayes classifiers is that they are highly scalable, requiring a number of parameters linear in the number of variables (features/predictors) in a learning problem. Evaluation of closed-form expression can be achieved by Maximum-likelihood training. Which requires linear time, rather than by expensive iterative approximation as used for many other types of classifiers. This research uses data science approach to diognize the medical data. In this article, a study has been conducted by using naive Bayes classifier to classify the medical data. The suitability of the classifier and the accuracy of the classifier are measured using different performance criteria. This study is useful for researchers and developers in understanding and using a classification technique in medical diagnosis.

A Comparative Study on Haar Wavelet and Hosaya Polynomial for the numerical solution of Fredholm integral equations

Abstract: In this paper, a comparative study on Haar wavelet method (HWM) and Hosoya Polynomial method(HPM) for the numerical solution of Fredholm integral equations. Illustrative examples are tested through the error analysis for efficiency. Numerical results are shown in the tables and figures.

Cycle by cycle variations of LPG-gasoline dual fuel on a multi-cylinder MPFI gasoline engine

Abstract: Combustion stability of a multipoint port fuel injection spark ignition engine working on liquefied petroleum gas (LPG)-gasoline dual fuel mode of operation was analysed. LPG-gasoline ratio was var...

An Experimental and Theoretical Study on the Effect of Microstructure on the Tensile Behavior of Polylactide Nano Composites

Abstract: This work consists of preparation of thin films of polylactide nanocomposite by doping polylactide with Nano Aluminium Oxide (Al2O3) and Nano Cupric Oxide (CuO). Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) was used to study the morphology of the prepared nanocomposites and the tensile behavior of the thin films was also studied. A novel attempt of using ANSYS® Workbench to simulate the tensile behavior and the electrical behavior of the polylactide nanocomposite thin films was made. This study revealed that despite doping polylactide in very small concentrations (1 and 3 mg) of nano powders, the tensile strength, Young’s Modulus and ductility of the doped samples have improved significantly in the presence on agglomeration of the nano powders in the polymer matrix. The Finite Element Analysis was in agreement with the experimental values. This work suggests polylactide doped with 1 mg Nano Al2O3 for semiconducting polymer applications.

Antistress and antimicrobial studies of biphenyl chalcone derivatives

Abstract: This work reports the synthesis, characterization of new (2E)-1-(biphenyl-4-yl)-3-aryl)-prop-2-en-1-one derivatives ( C1-C10 ). The chalcone derivatives were evaluated for in vitro antibacterial, antifungal, antioxidant activities. All the compounds exhibited moderate to good antimicrobial activity at MIC 10-40 µg/mL. The compounds were docked at the active site of the methionyl-tRNA synthetase (metRS) (PDB ID: 1A8H) to predict their putative interactions. The compounds further screened for antioxidant property, amid C5, C7 and C8 exhibited excellent DPPH radical scavenging activity. Compound C5 was selected for antistress studies against gamma radiation induced oxidative stress markers in E .coli K 12. The C5 pretreatment and irradiated bacteria sample showed modulatory action of stress enzymes SOD and CAT to near basal level and significant demulating effect on the level of TBARS.

Influence of deep cryogenic treatment on viscous behavior of TiC nanopowder/water nanofluid

Abstract: This paper presents the influence of cryogenic treatment on viscosity of Titanium carbide (TiC)/Water nanofluid. Deep cryogenic treatment is a cooling treatment at −196 °C for 24 h, which i...

Investigation of Thermal Conductivity of water with Al2O3 Nanoparticles

Abstract: In Thermal systems, Heat transfer fluids play a significant role. But conventional temperature transfer fluids have poor temperature transfer features. Many researches are created in order to improve the thermal properties of regular fluids. The improvement of thermal conductivity of regular fluids by micro-sized solid particles will not result in a valuable change. Therefore, Nanoparticles are put into it to create sizeable heat transfer liquids. Metal oxide nanoparticles i.e. Al2O3 is confusing with water and thermal conductivity of the blend is certainly investigated at different temperature ranges. It is discovered that the thermal conductivity boosts by 5%. The evaluation summarizes that the effective thermal conductivity of the Nano fluids boosts beyond 55°C.