Showing papers by "Paris West University Nanterre La Défense published in 2015"
TL;DR: The Anangula Core-and-Blade site (eastern Aleutians), discovered in 1938, dates between ca. 9600 and 8000 cal. BP as discussed by the authors, is a major site in the archaeology of Alaska and Beringia.
Abstract: The Anangula Core-and-Blade site (eastern Aleutians), discovered in 1938, dates between ca. 9600 and 8000 cal. BP. Anangula is a major site in the archaeology of Alaska and Beringia, and it has important implications to the peopling of the New World due to its chronology, geographic location, and material culture among others. This article focuses on the lithic industry and has two main aims: 1) presenting new research on previously unpublished lithic material, especially the pressure-microblade component, which has been largely overlooked up until now, and 2) discussing Anangula in relationship to other Beringian microblade sites in light of this reanalysis. This paper will show that the site has a definitive pressure-microblade component, argue that it thus has to be considered as a major Beringian microblade site, and discuss its technological proximity with microblade sites, especially from interior Alaska.
12 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors study determinants of individual FOMC members disagreement with the decided policy rate and construct individual reaction functions for each member for the period 1994-2008, and explain the gap between each member's preferred rate and the adopted policy rate by individual background characteristics.
Abstract: We study determinants of individual FOMC members disagreement with the decided policy rate. Utilizing a novel dataset of macroeconomic indicators for the Fed districts and preferences revealed by FOMC members in the transcripts, we construct individual reaction functions for each member for the period 1994-2008. Then, we explain the gap between each member’s preferred rate and the adopted policy rate by individual background characteristics. First, we find that FOMC members tend to react to regional economic conditions, in particular the unemployment rate. Second, that Professors, and individuals holding a master degree or issued from either private or public sector have a higher propensity to disagree on the dovish side during the meetings, while female members as well as governors nominated by a Democrat President tend to disagree on the hawkish side (as compared to the “reference” member, who is a male, PhD holder, Regional Bank President with experience in the financial sector). Moreover, we show that, under Ben Bernanke, in a period a large economic uncertainty, the propensity to disagree increased for all types of members.
9 citations
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TL;DR: In this article, the authors show that there is no "one size fits all" relationship in this regard, and that there exists a foreign currency-denominated debt channel through which misalignments impact growth.
Abstract: The literature on the growth effects of currency misalignments, although prolific, revolves around two main axes: one the one hand, the export-oriented growth literature which attributes positive effects to undervaluations (competitiveness gains) and, on the other hand, the Washington Consensus view according to which any deviations from equilibrium hamper economic growth. In this paper, we show that there is no "one size fits all" relationship in this regard. Indeed, relying on a panel of 72 developing and emerging countries, we evidence the existence of a foreign currency-denominated debt channel through which misalignments impact growth. Compared to the "traditional" competitiveness channel, this channel works in the opposite direction. The paper therefore reconciles the two strands of the literature: undervaluations may have indeed a positive growth effect, but it is crucial to take into account the possible costs related to this undervaluation to have a clearer picture of the net total effect.
9 citations
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TL;DR: In this paper, the authors define and study a new class of sampling designs: determinantal sampling designs, and compute exactly the variance of linear estimators constructed upon these designs by using first and second order inclusion probabilities.
Abstract: In this article, recent results about point processes are used in sampling theory. Precisely, we define and study a new class of sampling designs: determinantal sampling designs. The law of such designs is known, and there exists a simple selection algorithm. We compute exactly the variance of linear estimators constructed upon these designs by using the first and second order inclusion probabilities. Moreover, we obtain asymptotic and finite sample theorems. We construct explicitly fixed size determinantal sampling designs with given first order inclusion probabilities. We also address the search of optimal determinantal sampling designs.
8 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors investigated the presence and the causes of the underwriting cycle in the French property-liability insurance industry as displayed by the combined ratio for the 1963-2008 period.
Abstract: This article reinvestigates the presence and the causes of the underwriting cycle in the French property-liability insurance industry as displayed by the combined ratio for the 1963-2008 period. The question is still a timely issue if we refer to regulation issues and the recent proposals in the Solvency framework to take into account the fluctuations of the profitability in specifying the solvency capital requirement. In the literature, two approaches are traditionally adopted to investigate the underwriting cycle. The first one refers to an endogenous characterization of the cyclical properties from an AR(2) model. The second one claims that the cycle in the property-liability insurance has exogenous sources related to the financial markets and the general economy. In this article, we reconcile the two approaches by using a smooth transition regression model. This model shows that the AR(2) model is relevant in a first regime where the capacity constraint is binding. In contrast, the fluctuations in the combined ratio are positively influenced by the lagged stock market return in a second regime where the capacity is not constrained, as for the most recent period. Moreover, we find that the current capacity is related to the lagged inflation rate in the latter case. These results confirm the idea that the European rules regarding the solvency capital requirement for insurance companies should take into account the state of the economy and the financial markets. INTRODUCTION It is generally admitted that the fluctuations in the premiums and the underwriting profits in the property-liability insurance industry exhibit a cyclical behavior, with hard and soft market phases. These findings can be seen in many papers in the related literature. The question is still a timely issue if we refer to the current debates about regulation in this activity sector. For example, we can find the statement that an insurance company, which starts business at equilibrium, should not be asked to take corrective action if poor stock market returns or a depressed economic environment induce a fall below the solvency capital requirement, because an improvement in the business cycle is expected to follow and, consequently, an improvement in solvency. Such a proposal makes it clear that identifying the cyclical behavior of the profitability and understanding which factors can explain this behavior could be crucial to forecast hard and soft market phases and adapt the solvency capital requirement to these phases. In what follows, we will reexamine the cyclicality question and its relation with solvency regulation issues. Accordingly, we will mainly focus on the dynamics of the combined ratio, defined as the ratio of losses including loss adjustment and underwriting expenses to premiums, which is usually retained as a profitability measure. In addition, we will examine the dynamics of a capacity measure, the capacity ratio, defined as the ratio of capital to premiums, which is a key variable in solvency questions and may play a major role in explaining the cyclical fluctuations in the profitability as claimed, for example, by the capacity constraint theory. As regard the empirical investigation of cyclical properties of the insurance activity, the traditional approach consists of testing the existence of the underwriting cycle and calculating its length from a second-order autoregressive process (Venezian, 1985; Cummins and Outreville, 1987). An alternative approach is based on the spectral analysis (Doherty and Kang, 1988; Grace and Hotchkiss, 1995; Meier, 2006; Venezian and Leng, 2006). Once cyclical features are recognized, the question generally addressed is to know which factors are responsible for this behavior. Although there are numerous studies on this topic, there is no consensus on the causes of the cyclical features. However, we can classify the studies into two main strands. …
7 citations
TL;DR: Beyond the well-known health perspective related to the regular participation of older adults in physical activity, the present results open a social optimistic perspective, in which being physically active seems a promising way to challenge the widespread and resistant stereotype content of older people commonly perpetuated.
Abstract: Background/Study Context: Based on the stereotype content model and the behaviors from intergroup affect and stereotypes map (Cuddy et al., 2008; Advances in experimental social psychology [Vol. 40, pp. 61–149], New York: Academic Press), we examined whether being physically active may challenge the traditional stereotypes related to older adults.Methods: We compared how 94 participants (Mage = 24.48 years, SD = 7.15 years) judged one of three target groups (older adults in general, physically active older adults, and socially active older adults), with regard to perceived status and competition, warmth and competence judgments, emotional and behavioral reactions.Results: Results showed that being physically active was associated with higher status and competence. Physically active older adults were specifically viewed as an admired group eliciting both active (helping) and passive facilitation (associating) tendencies.Conclusion: Beyond the well-known health perspective related to the regular participati...
7 citations
27 Mar 2015
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors examined the effect of specific forms of asymmetry between contestants in Tullock's rent-seeking games, such as marginal returns to effort, motivation, and bargaining power.
Abstract: In rent-seeking contests, players are seldom identical to one another. In this chapter, we examine the rent-seeking literature that explores the effects of specific forms of asymmetry between contestants. We consider Tullock’s rent-seeking contests involving two players who differ in strength (marginal returns to effort), motivation (valuations of the sought-after rent) and cunning (bargaining power). We study the combined interaction of these three possible forms of asymmetry in rent-seeking. We examine how these asymmetries affect the rent-seeking contest and investigate the effect of ex post trading opportunities on the players’ efforts and probabilities of winning and on the social costs of rent-seeking.
5 citations
TL;DR: A high speed and low-cost optical profiler implemented using a projection method based on the use of a digital light-processing device to illuminate the object to be measured to provide potential real-time capabilities.
Abstract: The processing of structured light images in real time is a challenging task for the development of three-dimensional (3-D) shape measurement methods. This paper presents a high speed and low-cost optical profiler implemented using a projection method based on the use of a digital light-processing device to illuminate the object to be measured. The image processing of the reflected structured light pattern allows potential real-time capabilities. The proposed method of absolute phase retrieval for unwrapping the relative phase uses a single additional staircase intensity pattern to determine and correct 2π discontinuities in the phase. Good results are obtained when the method is compared to another which uses three additional fringe patterns to determine the stair phase and then the absolute phase. Since the proposed technique uses only one extra pattern instead of three, it is less costly in terms of computation complexity and is thus faster. The hardware of the developed fringe projection system for a 3-D macroscopic reconstruction is presented and the performance of the method is evaluated. Simulated and experimental results are presented and compared to the other absolute phase-retrieval method. The proposed method is suitable for measuring 3-D object surfaces for a possible implementation in real time.
5 citations
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TL;DR: In this paper, the authors studied various transport-information inequalities under three different notions of Ricci curvature in the discrete setting: the curvature-dimension condition of Bakry and Emery, the exponential curvature dimension condition of Bauer \textit{et al.
Abstract: We study various transport-information inequalities under three different notions of Ricci curvature in the discrete setting: the curvature-dimension condition of Bakry and Emery, the exponential curvature-dimension condition of Bauer \textit{et al.} and the coarse Ricci curvature of Ollivier. We prove that under a curvature-dimension condition or coarse Ricci curvature condition, an $L_1$ transport-information inequality holds; while under an exponential curvature-dimension condition, some weak-transport information inequalities hold. As an application, we establish a Bonnet-Meyer's theorem under the curvature-dimension condition CD$(\kappa,\infty)$ of Bakry and Emery.
4 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the determinants of repayment performance in credit groups in Togo were studied using the logit model and the results show evidence that peer monitoring (visits between members), social capital (same sex, same ethnic group and same occupation) and informal sources of credit positively affect the repayment performance of groups.
Abstract: This paper aims to study the determinants of repayment performance in credit groups in Togo. Because of a lack of existing data, primary data were collected in 2008 through a sample of 36 credit groups gathering 258 people in rural and semi-urban areas of the Maritime region. The counting of repayment responses reveals a good performance (75% of the groups interviewed had repaid their loans). Using the logit model, the results show evidence that peer monitoring (visits between members), social capital (same sex, same ethnic group and same occupation) and informal sources of credit positively affect the repayment performance of groups.
3 citations
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TL;DR: In this paper, the authors provide new insights into how oil rent affects income inequality in 52 developed and developing economies over the period 1984-2008, and uncover a time-dependent relationship between oil rent and income inequality.
Abstract: This paper provides new insights into how oil rent affects income inequality in 52 developed and developing economies over the period 1984-2008. After taking into consideration the endogeneity aspect, the analysis yields three key findings. First, the effect of oil rent on income inequality is non-linear. Oil productivity wealth induces a decline in income inequality for countries for which the share of oil rent in percentage of GDP is below the threshold of 25%. Above this threshold, we document a positive relationship. Second, the effect of oil rent is heterogeneous across countries, depending upon the institutional quality. Specifically, we find that the decline in income inequality is lower in countries with high corruption, low accountability and weak regulatory quality. Finally, we uncover a time-dependent relationship between oil rent and income inequality. In the short run, the effect of oil rent is negative while in the long run, the opposite is observed
24 Dec 2015
TL;DR: In this paper, a conjunto of generos discursivos that tem como ponto em comum relacinar dois discursos, sendo um of them acessivel e caracterizado by ser "colocado no lugar of" an outro ausente, are defined as representacao do discurso outro.
Abstract: Diversos generos discursivos podem ser cacaterizados e definidos como "representacao do discurso outro". Entre eles, apararece um conjunto de generos discursivos que tem como ponto em comum relacinar dois discursos, sendo um deles acessivel e caracterizado por ser "colocado no lugar de" um outro ausente. Ao longo de uma carcaterizacao diferencial desses diversos generos, especificamos - a partir de um corpus constituudo de textos escritos coletados recentemente na imprensa francesa - as propriedades da entrevisra escrita, "forma textual" de discurso direto.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors apply the perceptioning model at a territorial scale by analyzing the case of the region of Liguria in Northwest Italy as a prototype of wikidestination.
Abstract: The perceptioning model developed by Bassani et al. (2002, 2007, and 2011) permits to design, launch and develop a strong brand in B2B and B2C markets. In recent years, it has also been used to build wikibrands (Moffit and Dover, 2010) and successful products relying on the high involvement of consumers’ communities in value creation processes. The paper explores how the perceptioning model as a tool for destination branding could also find successful application in other fields such as the tourism sector. After a literature review on place branding and perceptioning, the paper applies this model at a territorial scale by analyzing the case of the region of Liguria in Northwest Italy as a prototype of wikidestination. By relying on a qualitative research design based on interviews and discourse analysis, this paper provides evidence that perceptioning is also a suitable approach for territorial marketing, especially in the case of wikidestinations that are constructed collectively.
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TL;DR: In this article, the authors investigate heterogeneity in macroeconomic news forecasts using disaggregate data of monthly expectation surveys conducted by Bloomberg on macroeconomic indicators from January 1999 to February 2013, and find that macroeconomic indicator forecasters are mostly heterogeneous and their expectations are found to violate the rational expectation hypothesis.
Abstract: The aim of this paper is to investigate heterogeneity in macroeconomic news forecasts using disaggregate data of monthly expectation surveys conducted by Bloomberg on macroeconomic indicators from January 1999 to February 2013. We find three major results. First, we show that macroeconomic indicator forecasters are mostly heterogeneous and their expectations are found to violate the rational expectation hypothesis. Second, the use of the expectation mixed model ‐combining extrapolative, regressive and adaptive components‐ reveals a large dominance of the chartist profile among forecasters with a systematical persistence over time despite all the structural breaks determined endogenously by the Bai-Perron estimation method. Third, we find that forecasters whose forecasting models combine at least two or three anticipatory components (extrapolative, and regressive or/and adaptive) and display high temporal flexibility, thus adapting to different structural breaks, are those which provide the most accurate forecasts.
04 Aug 2015
TL;DR: Gibello et al. as mentioned in this paper proposed a method for psychopathology using the processus de sante, a processus of sante for the identification of psychopathic patients.
Abstract: Το άρθρο αυτό eκπονήθηκe στο πλαίσιο της συνeργασίας του Eργαστηρίου Eιδικής και Θeραπeυτικής Αγωγής του Πανeπιστημίου Ιωαννί- νων (EΡ.E.Θ.Α.) μe το Eργαστήριο Ψυχοπαθολογίας της Ταυτότητας, της Σκέψης και των Διαδικασιών της Υγeίας (Laboratoire de psychopathologie de Γ Identite, de la Pensee et des Processus de sante) του Πανeπιστημίου Paris X, του οποίου προΐσταται ο καθηγητής B. Gibello. Eιδικότeρα, σe μια πρώτη φάση eπιχeιρeίται μια διeπιστημονική συνάρθρωση των θeωρητικών και κλινικών δeδομένων - πορισμάτων (της γνωστικής, κλινικής και πeιραματικής ψυχολογίας), τα οποία αφορούν σe συγκeκριμένeς διαταραχές της νοημοσύνης, όπως οι eξeλικτικές και γνωστικές δυσαρμονίeς, οι ψυχώσeις και η νοητική σύγχυση. Υποστηρίζουμe ότι η δομή της σκέψης συναρθρώνeται από: (ΐ) το πeριeχόμeνο της σκέψης (contenu de pensee) και (ii) το πeριέχον της σκέψης (contenant de pensee). Τα πeριέχοντα της σκέψης eίναι στeνά συνδeδeμένα μe τους γνωστικούς μηχανισμούς μάθησης, γι’ αυτό η δυσλeιτουργία τους eπιφέρeι έναν ορισμένο αριθμό μαθησιακών δυσκολιών. Μπορούμe να διακρίνουμe τρeις κατηγορίeς πeριeχόντων της σκέψης, οι οποίeς βρίσκονται σe στeνή αλληλeπίδραση: (ί) τα φαντασιωτικά πeριeχόμeνα της σκέψης (contenants de pensee fantasmatiques), (ii) τα γνωστικά πeριέχοντα της σκέψης (contenants de pensee cognitifs), (iii) τα ναρκισσιστικά πeριέχοντα της σκέψης (contenants de pensee narcissiques). H δυσλeιτουργία eνός πeριέχοντος της σκέψης στο παιδί των πρώτων σχολικών χρόνων eπιφέρeι μια σeιρά μαθησιακών δυσκολιών. Πιο συγκeκριμένα, η δυσλeιτουργία των γνωστικών πeριeχόντων της σκέψης προκαλeί σe μeγάλο βαθμό, δυσκολίeς σe eιδικούς» γνωστικούς τομeίς, η κανονική eξέλιξη και λeιτουργία των οποίων αποτeλούν προαπαιτούμeνα για (ΐ) την έμeση eισαγωγή - μύηση στα γραπτά σύμβολα στο νηπιαγωγeίο και την άμeση eισαγωγή, κατάκτηση και πρόσ κτηση της γραφής και ανάγνωσης στο δημοτικό σχολeίο, και (il) την κα- τάκτηση και πρόσκτηση των λογικομαθηματικών eννοιών στο νηπιαγωγeίο και το δημοτικό σχολeίο. Σημeιώνουμe ότι η θeωρία του πeριέχοντος και του πeριeχομένου της σκέψης eίναι απόρροια της κλινικής παρατήρησης παιδιών και eφήβων μe μαθησιακές διαταραχές. Συνακόλουθα, η παραπάνω θeωρία μπορeί να συμ- βάλeι στη δόμηση eνός θeσμικού πλαισίου eκπαίδeυσης και eπανeκπαίδeυσης των παιδιών μe γνωστικές διαταραχές. Σe μια δeύτeρη φάση, eπιχeιρeίται μια ψυχοπαθολογική, δυναμική και δομική προσέγγιση των προβλημάτων συμβολοποίησης και πνeυματι- κοποίησης των παιδιών μe νοητική υστέρηση (deficients mentaux). Τα αποτeλέσματα των προβολικών και ψυχομeτρικών δοκιμασιών αναδeικνύ- ουν μια καθυστέρηση στην ανάπτυξη των διαδικασιών αφαίρeσης και κατηγοροποίησης, όπως, eπίσης, και αντικeιμeνικές eνδeίξeις eνός φτωχού σχeσιοδυναμικού πeδίου.
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TL;DR: In this paper, the authors empirically test the theory of modernization based on a sample of developing countries in Africa and provide empirical validation of four determinants of democracy according to the modernization theory (education, wealth, urbanization and industrialization).
Abstract: This paper empirically tests the theory of modernization based on a sample of developing countries in Africa. It provides, for the first time, an empirical validation of four determinants of democracy according to the modernization theory (education, wealth, urbanization and industrialization). We use three estimation techniques (pooled OLS, LSDVC and GMM) and find reliable results which suggest that the modernization theory does not explain the negative dynamic of democracy in Africa.
13 Jul 2015
TL;DR: This paper proposes in this paper a scalable approach for filtering news (items) which match the user interests (expressed as subscriptions) and introduces for the first time Term Discrimination Value (TDV) in this context.
Abstract: Publish/Subscribe (Pub/Sub) systems have been designed to face the exponential growth of information published on the Web by subscribing to sources of interest which produce flows of items. However users may receive some information several times, or information that does not contain any new content, and conversely miss some information of interest hidden in all information received. Pub/Sub systems are consequently witnessing a real challenge to efficiently filter relevant information. We propose in this paper a scalable approach for filtering news (items) which match the user interests (expressed as subscriptions). Introducing for the first time Term Discrimination Value (TDV) in this context, which allows to measure how a term discrimines an item, we filter out in real-time items whose content has already been notified recently to the user, either in another item (filtering by novelty) or globally in his recent history (filtering by diversity). Our experiments illustrate the impact of our different parameters and confirm the scalability of our approach and the relevance of the results notified.
TL;DR: In this article, the determinants des politiques publiques d'enforcement de la loi lorsque les citoyens vote for le niveau des amendes and leur timing are analyzed.
Abstract: Comment justifier que des infractions a la legislation sur l’environnement (protection des habitats naturels) ou aux lois antitrust (collusion) soient associees a des amendes fondees sur l’estimation des dommages, pendant que d’autres types d’infractions (defaut de permits ; cartels) sont punis per se ? Cet article analyse les determinants des politiques publiques d’enforcement de la loi lorsque les citoyens votent pour le niveau des amendes et leur timing. Nous nous interessons aux situations ou il y desaccord entre les citoyens et les autorites publiques quand a l’evaluation du dommage social attendu qui resultent de certaines activites. Nous montrons qu’un equilibre avec enforcement fort (niveau de dissuasion eleve) emerge lorsque les citoyens anticipent un dommage social eleve. Inversement, un equilibre avec enforcement faible emerge lorsque les citoyens anticipent un dommage social peu important. De plus, les citoyens votent pour un regime de sanctions fondees sur les comportements (respectivement sur les dommages) observes lorsqu’ils anticipent un dommage social plus faible (respectivement plus eleve) que l’autorite publique.
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TL;DR: In this paper, a panel threshold regression (PTR) model was used to identify various regimes of control, including influential, dominant, and majority control, in French listed companies.
Abstract: Based on CEO pay monitoring in French listed companies, this study first searches for the relevant metric of controlling shareholdings. The equity share held by the largest shareholder directly or indirectly represented on the board of directors, plus shareholders acting in concert with it, is associated with effective control – while other blockholders, whether or not they sit on the board, and deviations from “one share-one vote”, do not enhance monitoring. Second, a panel threshold regression (PTR) model allows to identify various regimes of control. Four regimes are found in the degree of control. A threshold at about 10% of equity separates out “non-controlled” from effectively-controlled firms; three regimes of effective control are then identified. They are termed as “influential” (from about 10% to one-third of equity), “dominant” (up to about 45%), and “majority” (over 45%) controls. Specifically, CEO pay packages provide evidence of entrenchment for dominant controlling shareholders. Then, this study introduces seniority of control as a second criterion for effective control. The PTR model allows to distinguish two regimes termed as “new” and “long-term” control: new controlling shareholders need about six to eight years to reduce asymmetries of information and no longer rely on alternative monitoring devices. The study lastly discusses the relevance of discontinuous threshold effects compared to some continuous specifications found in the literature on ownership.
24 Dec 2015
TL;DR: In this paper, a pesquisa em andamento sobre os generos that "ocupam o lugar" of outro discurso, and that sao, portanto, constitutivamente representacao do discurto outro.
Abstract: Este artigo faz parte de uma pesquisa em andamento sobre os generos que "ocupam o lugar" de outro discurso, e que sao, portanto, constitutivamente representacao do discurso outro. Ele visa a caracteriar o genero "resenha" , apoiando-se em um corpus de resenhas produzidas na esfera universitaria. A analise considera, por um lado, as diferentes denominacoes atribuidas aos textos pelos locutores e, por outro, a relacao entre essas denominacoes e as propriedades formais dos textos, particularmente as formas de RDA. Ela poe em evidencia o papel da natureza da instância em que e produzida a resenha e seu grau de institucionalizacao.
23 Jul 2015
TL;DR: In this paper, l'ordonnance du 23 juillet 2015 (ci-apres “l'ordnance”) abroge le Code des marches publics ainsi que les directives 2014/24/UE and 2014/25/UE (secteurs speciaux).
Abstract: Transposant les directives 2014/24/UE (directive generale) et 2014/25/UE (secteurs speciaux), l'ordonnance du 23 juillet 2015 (ci-apres “l'ordonnance”) abroge le Code des marches publics ainsi que…
01 Jan 2015
30 Apr 2015
TL;DR: The directive relative aux actions en dommages-interets pour violation du droit des pratiques anticoncurrentielles a ete publiee le 26 novembre 2014 as discussed by the authors.
Abstract: La directive relative aux actions en dommages-interets pour violation du droit des pratiques anticoncurrentielles a ete publiee le 26 novembre 2014. Les differentes contributions de ce dossier «…
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TL;DR: The parametric Lemke algorithm is used to show the existence of an odd number of solutions of a generalized bimatrix game in a certain domain this paper, and these solutions are classi?ed into two types according to the relative sign of two determinants.
Abstract: The parametric Lemke algorithm is used to show the existence of an odd number of solutions of a generalized bimatrix game in a certain domain. These solutions are classi?ed into two types according to the relative sign of two determinants. The British economist David Ricardo made an implicit use of that algorithm at the beginning of the nineteenth century.
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TL;DR: In this paper, the authors investigate the effect of setting a penalty on the purchase of high emitting cars (i.e., a Malus) with static comparative analyses of a basic model of consumer behavior facing two alternatives: a clean and a dirty vehicles.
Abstract: The significant weight of CO2 emissions resulting from car use in the total of CO2 emissions is enough of a signal to set up policy tools aiming at reducing such emissions. This paper investigates the effects of setting a penalty on the purchase of high emitting cars (i.e. a Malus). With static comparative analyses of a basic model of consumers behaviour facing two alternatives: a clean and a dirty vehicles, we essentially find that a rebound effect does not necessarily accompany the reduction in the average fuel consumption per kilometre resulting from the implementation of a differentiated car purchase tax such as a Malus scheme. This is because the improvement of the fuel-efficiency is achieved thanks to a new distribution of vehicles over the fleet, and not solely thanks to a reduction of the vehicles fuel consumption. Thereby, it happens that we observe a rebound effect only under certain conditions pertaining to the characteristics of the vehicles that make up the fleet (i.e. their unit consumption and market price). We also show that, from the moment that a rebound effect occurs, the higher the amount of Malus, the higher the rebound effect. It implicitly means that because of the rebound effect, the higher the pricing scheme, the less efficient the purchase tax.
01 Jan 2015
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors exploit the Global Standardized Precipitation and Evapotranspiration Index database to search for a nonlinear relationship between hydro-climatic conditions and economic growth on a sample of developing countries over the period 1980-2011.
Abstract: In this paper, we exploit the Global Standardized Precipitation and Evapotranspiration Index database to search for a nonlinear relationship between hydro-climatic conditions and economic growth on a sample of developing countries over the period 1980-2011. We evidence a nonlinear link between hydro-climatic conditions and economic growth only in developing agricultural-dependant countries, the impact of hydro-climatic variations being more easily absorbed in more diversified economies. Furthermore, threshold values reached by hydro-climatic conditions that drive changes in the pattern of economic growth are lower than to those corresponding to extreme weather conditions, suggesting a high sensitivity of economic growth in developing agricultural-dependent countries to small fluctuations in weather. JEL Classification: C33; 040; Q54