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Showing papers by "Schrödinger published in 1985"



Journal ArticleDOI
Otto J. Scherer1
TL;DR: Multiply bonded systems with low coordination number (one to three) involving phosphorus and its homologues, whether isolable or generated in situ at a metal complex, are versatile ligands that can function as two-, four-, six- or eight-electron donors to transition metal fragments and that may be coordinated in η1 (terminal), η2 (side-on), edge- or face-bridging modes as mentioned in this paper.
Abstract: Multiply bonded systems with low coordination number (one to three) involving phosphorus and its homologues, whether isolable or generated in situ at a metal complex, are versatile ligands that can function as two-, four-, six- or eight-electron donors to transition metal fragments and that may be coordinated in η1 (terminal), η2 (side-on), edge- or face-bridging modes The (p-p)π bonding system of the ligand is thereby rendered capable of addition and intra- or intermolecular cycloaddition reactions Some of the polycyclic species thus generated represent novel, polydentate ligands

123 citations




Journal ArticleDOI
Otto J. Scherer1
TL;DR: In this article, a vielfach noch vorhandene (p-p)π-Bindungssystem der Liganden ist zu Additionen und intra- oder intermolekularen Cycloadditionen befahigt.
Abstract: Isolierbare sowie am Metallzentrum erzeugte niederkoordinierte (Koordinationszahl eins bis drei) Mehrfachbindungssysteme des Phosphors und seiner Homologen sind vielseitige Liganden. Sie konnen an Ubergangsmetallfragmenten als 2e-, 4e-, 6e- und 8e-Donor-Liganden fungieren und terminal(ν1), side-on(ν2), kanten- und/oder flachenuberbruckend an das (die) Metallatom(e) koordiniert sein. Das vielfach noch vorhandene (p-p)π-Bindungssystem der Liganden ist zu Additionen und intra- oder intermolekularen Cycloadditionen befahigt. Einige der dabei gebildeten Polycyclen sind neuartige, mehrzahnige Ligandensysteme.

69 citations



Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, it is shown that in the crystal of this salt the dicyanophosphide anions (bent at phosphorus by an angle of 95°) coordinate with both nitrogen ends towards (different) cations.
Abstract: Genugend starke anionische Nucleophile X− bauen weisen Phosphor unter mehr oder weniger weitgehender Disproportionierung ab. Mit Kronenether-Alkali-, Ammonium- oder Phosphoniumcyaniden, X− = CN−, entsteht dabei selektiv das entsprechende Dicyanphosphid, P(CN)2−, und ein Polyphosphid, bevorzugt P15−. [18] Krone-6-KP(CN)2 entsteht auch bei der Umsetzung von P(CN)3 mit KF und Kronenether. Im Kristall dieses Salzes sind die am Phosphor (um 95°) gewinkelten Dicyanphosphid-Anionen mit beiden Stickstoffenden an je ein Kation koordiniert. Der PC-Abstand ist (mit durch-schnittlich 168 pm) so kurz wie in Phosphaalkenen. δ13C und JPC von P(CN)2− ordnen sich gut in einen fur Cyanphosphorverbindungen allgemein geltenden Zusammenhang mit der Ladungsdichte am Phosphor ein. Cyanophosphorus Compounds. IX. Breakdown of White Phosphorus by Cyanide Yielding Dicyanophosphides and Dicyanophosphide Structure White phosphorus is degraded by strong enough anionic nucleophiles X− with more or less disproportionation. With crown ether alkali, ammonium or phosphonium cyanides, X− = CN−, selectively the corresponding dicyanophosphide, P(CN)2−, is formed and a polyphosphide, preferentially P15−. [18] Crown-6-KP(CN)2 is also obtained from the reaction of P(CN)3, KF, and crown ether. In the crystal of this salt the dicyanophosphide anions (bent at phosphorus by an angle of 95°) coordinate with both nitrogen ends towards (different) cations. The PC distance (168 pm on the average) is as short as in phosphaalkenes. δ13C and JPC of P(CN)2− fit well into a correlation with the charge density at phosphorus generally valid for cyanophosphorus compounds.

38 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the silylation is accompanied by a transesterification, and the solvolysis of the C -silylated diazoacetic acid silylester by t-butylamine as well as by methanol takes place.

35 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the structure of the ferrio-phosphane-borane 5 was elucidated by X-ray crystal structure analysis, and the reaction of Na[Fe(CO)2C5Me5] (1) with Ph2PCl in benzene results in the formation of the title complex 2.
Abstract: Transition Metal Substituted Phosphanes, Arsanes, and Stibanes, XLVI. Some Reactions of the Ferrio-phosphane C5Me5(CO)2Fe PPh2 and Molecular Structure of its Borane Adduct The reaction of Na[Fe(CO)2C5Me5] (1) with Ph2PCl in benzene results in the formation of the title complex 2. Treatment of 2 with elemental sulfur, MeI, or BH3 · THF produce the iron-substituted derivatives C5Me5(CO)2Fe P(S)Ph2 (3), [C5Me5(CO)2Fe P(Me)Ph2]I (4) or C5Me5(CO)2Fe PPh2 BH3 (5), respectively. The structure of the ferrio-phosphane-borane 5 is elucidated by X-ray crystal structure analysis.

33 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Tricarbonyl as mentioned in this paper reacts photochemically induced with conjugated dienes in two different ways, i.e., conjugation reaction and photochemical reaction with conjjugation.
Abstract: Tricarbonyl[1 – 6-η-(8,8-dimethylheptafulven)]chrom(0) (2) reagiert photochemisch induziert mit konjugierten Dienen auf zwei unterschiedliche Weisen. Mit 1,3-Butadien (3), trans-1,3-Pentadien (4), trans,trans-2,4-Hexadien (5) und 1,3-Cyclohexadien (6) werden Tricarbonyl(η6-11-isopropylidenbicyclo[4.4.1]undeca-2,4,8-trien)chrom(0)-Komplexe 11–14 erhalten. Dagegen bilden 2,3-Dimethyl-1,3-butadien (9) und 1,2-Dimethylencyclohexan (10) mit 2 neuartige {η3:5-[1-(3-Buten-1,2-diyl)-7-isopropylidencycloheptadienyl]}dicarbonylchrom-Komplexe 20,21. 2-Methyl-1,3-butadien (7) und 2-Methyl-1,3-pentadien (8) zeigen beide Reaktionsmoglichkeiten. 18–20 addieren Kohlenmonoxid mit nachfolgendem Ringschlus zu den [4 + 6]-Cycloaddukten 15–17. Von 11–16 lassen sich die di- und tricyclischen Tetraen-Liganden 22–27 mit P(OCH3)3 abspalten. Die Konstitution der isolierten Komplexe und Kohlenwasserstoff-Liganden wurde spektroskopisch ermittelt. Zusatzlich wurde die Kristall- und Molekulstruktur von 14 rontgenographisch bestimmt. Photochemical Reactions of Transition Metal Olefin Complexes, 10. [4 + 6] Cycloaddition of Conjugated Dienes to Tricarbonyl[1–6-η-(8,8-dimethylheptafulvene)]chromium(0) Tricarbonyl[1 – 6-η-(8,8-dimethylheptafulvene)]chromium(0) (2) reacts photochemically induced with conjugated dienes in two different ways. With 1,3-butadiene (3), trans-1,3-pentadiene (4), trans,trans-2,4-hexadiene (5), and 1,3-cyclohexadiene (6) tricarbonyl(η6-11-isopropylidenebicyclo[4.4.1]undeca-2,4,8-triene)chromium(0) complexes 11–14 are obtained. In contrast, 2,3-dimethyl-1,3-butadiene (9) and 1,2-dimethylenecyclohexane (10) form with 2 novel {η3:5-[1-(3-butene-1,2-diyl)-7-isopropylidenecycloheptadienyl]}dicarbonylchromium complexes 20, 21. 2-Methyl-1,3-butadiene (7) and 2-methyl-1,3-pentadiene (8) show both types of reactions. 18–20 add carbon monoxide with successive ring closure to give the [4 + 6] cycloadducts 15–17. From 11–16 the di- and tricyclic tetraene ligands 22–27 are displaced by P(OCH3)3 in good yields. The constitutions of the isolated complexes and hydrocarbon ligands were elucidated by spectroscopic means. In addition the crystal and molecular structure of 14 was determined by X-ray structure analysis.

30 citations



Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The reaction P(CN)3 + CN− (as [18]crown-6-sodium salt) leads via the spectroscopically identified PCN)4− to a disproportionation PIII PI + PV as mentioned in this paper.
Abstract: Die Reaktion P(CN)3 + CN− (als [18]Krone-6-Natriumsalz) fuhrt uber das nur spektroskopisch erkennbare P(CN) zur Disproportionierung PIII PI + PV. Als Produkte konnen (mit Ph3PCHPPh3 + als Kation) P(CN) und P2C10N102− (1) gefast werden. In letzterem sind ein Dicyanphosphino-und ein Pentacyanophosphatrest, –P(CN)2 bzw. – P(CN)5−, uber eine anionische Aminomalononitrilbrucke miteinander verbunden. Cyanophosphorus Compounds, 8. The Unusual Anion P2C10N102− The reaction P(CN)3 + CN− (as [18]crown-6-sodium salt) leads via the spectroscopically identified P(CN)4− to a disproportionation PIII PI + PV. P(CN)2− and P2C10N102− (1) have been isolated as products (with Ph3PCHPPh3+ as counter ion). In the latter an anionic aminomalononitrile bridge connects a dicyanophosphino and a pentacyanophosphate group, –P(CN)2 and – P(CN)5−, respectively.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: DecDecacarbonyldimanganese (I) reacts photochemically at low temperatures with E- or Z-1,3-pentadiene (II, III) to give a mixture of tetracarbonyl-η3-(E-2,4-pentadien-1-yl)manganese(I) (IX), tetracbonyl -η 3-(EE-3,penten-2-yl), manganese[I] (XIV) and tetrabonyl −η 4-mangan

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the triangulo-platinum clusters Pt3(μ-CNtBu)3(CNtBU)3 (5) with tert-butyl isocyanide were investigated.
Abstract: Die Umsetzung von PtL3 (2), L = R1R2NP = NR3 (1), mit tert-Butylisocyanid bzw. von Pt3(μ-CNtBu)3(CNtBu)3 (5) mit 1 ergibt die Platin-Dreikerncluster Pt3(μ-CNtBu)(μ-L)2(CNtBu)3(3). Pt3(μ-L)3(CO)3 (4) entsteht aus 2 und CO. 3 und 4 wurden durch 1H-, 13C{1H}-, 31P{1H}- und 195Pt{1H}-NMR-Untersuchungen, 3a und 4a zusatzlich durch eine Rontgenstrukturanalyse charakterisiert. Element-Organic Amine/Imine Compounds, XXVI. Aminoiminophosphanes as Bridging Ligands in triangulo-Clusters of Zerovalent Platinum The interaction of PtL3 (2), L = R1R2NP = NR3 (1), with tert-butyl isocyanide as well as the reaction of Pt3(μ-CNtBu)3(CNtBu)3 (5) with 1 afford the triangulo-platinum clusters Pt3(μ-CNtBu)(μ-L)2(CNtBu)3(3). Pt3(μ-L)3(CO)3 (4) is formed from 2 and CO. The structures of 3 and 4 were established by 1H, 13C{1H}, 31P{1H} and 195Pt{1H} NMR spectroscopy. 3a and 4a have been characterized additionally by an X-ray structure analysis.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The reaction of alkali metal phosphides with white phosphorus was studied in this article, where a crystal structure analysis was performed to identify isolated ion pairs with Li singly coordinated to the central phosphorus.
Abstract: Reaction of Alkali Metal Phosphides with White Phosphorus, II. Formation and Structure of 2-Lithio-2,3-dihydro-1,3-diphenyl-1H-benzotriphosphole2) The o-phenylenebis(lithium phosphide) 1 leads to a disproportionation of white phosphorus by formally taking up P+ and leaving P73−. The resultant title compound 2 may be converted to different derivatives 3 by reaction with electrophiles. According to a crystal structure analysis 2 (THF)3 consists of isolated ion pairs with Li singly coordinated to the central phosphorus.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, aryl-substituierten Diazoverbindungen reagieren with den triazoldionen 2a-c bei 20°C in benzene unter Stickstoffverlust zu den stabilen Azomethinimin-Dipolen 4a-p.
Abstract: Die arylsubstituierten Diazoverbindungen 1a–h reagieren mit den Triazoldionen 2a–c bei 20°C in Benzol unter Stickstoffverlust zu den stabilen Azomethinimin-Dipolen 4a–p. Ihr 1,3-dipolarer Charakter kommt sowohl in der Addition von Methanol und Ethanol (4d–f5a–f) als auch in Cycloadditionsreaktionen mit Acetylendicarbonsaure-dimethylester (4d,e 6a, b) und Phenylisocyanant (4d7) zum Ausdruck. Bisdipole erhalt man auf zwei verschiedenen Wegen: Entweder setzt man Bisdiazoverbindungen mit 4-Phenyl-3H-1,2,4-triazol-3,5(4H)-dion um (12a,b + 22a13a,b), oder man wandelt das Bistriazoldion 14 mit Diazoverbindungen (1a,c,d und i) in die Bisdipole 15a–d um. Dipolmomente, Molmassen, IR-, UV-, 1H-NMR- und 13C-NMR-spektroskopische Daten sind im Einklang mit den Dipolstrukturen. Investigations on Diazo Compounds and Azides, LII. Stable Azomethine Imine Dipoles from Diazo Compounds and 3H-1,2,4-Triazole-3,5(4H)-diones The aryl-substituted diazo compounds 1a–h react with the triazolediones 2a–c at 20°C in benzene with loss of nitrogen to the stable azomethine imine dipoles 4a–p. Their 1,3-dipolar character is revealed in the addition of methanol and ethanol (4d–f5a–f) as well as in cyclo-addition reactions with dimethyl acetylenedicarboxylate (4d,e6a,b) and phenyl isocyanate (4d7). Bisdipoles are obtained by two different ways: Either bisdiazo compounds are reacted with 4-phenyl-3H-1,2,4-triazole-3,5(4H)-dione (12a,b + 22a13a,b) or the bistriazoledione 14 is transformed into the bisdipoles 15a–d with diazo compounds (1a,c,d and i). Dipole moments, molecular weights, IR, UV, 1H NMR, and 13C NMR spectroscopic data are in agreement with the dipole structures.


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The interaction of (Ph3P)2PtO2 (I) with the dicarboxylic acids HO2C(CH2)nCO2H (n = 1-3), phthalic acid and maleic acid gives the dICarboxylato complexes (Ph 3P) 2 PtO(O)C( CH 2 ) n C(O).O (II) (n. = 1−3), (Ph

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, Carbenes et al. present a metal-catalyzed decomposition of 4-Diazomethyl-4H-pyrans.
Abstract: Elektrophile Diazoalkansubstitution an den lithiierten Diazomethylverbindungen 5a – d mit dem Pyryliumsalz 6 liefert die 4-Diazomethyl-4H-pyrane 7a – d. Nur im Falle von 5d beobachtet man auch den Angriff in der 2-Position des Pyryliumsalzes; dies fuhrt in letzter Konsequenz zur Bildung des Pyrazols 9. μ-Allylpalladiumchlorid-katalysierte Zersetzung von 7a – d in Benzol liefert in fast quantitativen Ausbeuten die Oxepine 12a – d. Diese reagieren mit dem Triazoldion 14 unter [4 + 2]-Cycloaddition bei nachfolgender Hetero-Cope-Umlagerung zu den Triazolopyridazinen 17a – d. Von 17b wurde eine Rontgenstrukturanalyse angefertigt. Carbenes, 30. Metal-catalyzed Decomposition of 4-Diazomethyl-4H-pyrans – a New Access to the Oxepin System Electrophilic diazoalkane substitution at the lithiated diazomethyl compounds 5a – d with the pyrylium salt 6 yields the 4-diazomethyl-4H-pyrans 7a – d. Only in the case of 5d competitive attack in the 2-position of the pyrylium salt is observed, leading ultimately to the formation of the pyrazole 9. μ-Allylpalladium chloride-catalyzed decomposition of 7a – d in benzene gives in nearly quantitative yields the oxepins 12a – d. They react with the triazoledione 14 under [4 + 2]-cycloaddition followed by a hetero Cope rearrangement producing the triazolopyridazines 17a – d. An X-ray analysis of 17b has been performed.


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the 4-Methylen-4H-thiapyrane sind durch Addition of Perchlorsaure (6→8) und 4-Phenyl-1,2,4-triazolin-3,5-dion (6a,b→9a, b) charakterisiert.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors investigate the formation of 7-(diazomethyl)cycloheptatrienes by electrophilic diazo-alkane substitution.
Abstract: Die Silber-(diazomethylphosphoryl)-Verbindungen 2a–c gehen mit 1 glatt elektrophile Diazoalkansubstitution zu 3a–c ein. Im Gegensatz dazu begegnet man einem komplexeren Produktbild bei der Umsetzung von 1 mit den Quecksilber-bis(diazomethylcarbonyl)-Verbindungen 4a–d: Neben den 7-(Diazomethyl)cycloheptatriene 5a–d werden die Styrolderivate 6a–c sowie die Brommercurioverbindungen 7a–d gebildet. Die Norcaradienzwischenstufen 12 und 14 spielen vermutlich eine Rolle bei der Bildung von 6 und 7. Mit PTAD (16) liefern die 7-(Diazomethyl)cycloheptatriene 3a–c und 5a, b, d von Norcaradienisomeren abgeleiteten [4 + 2]-Cycloaddukte 17a–f. Die Strukturen von 3, 5 und 17 werden vor allem durch 1H und 13C-NMR-spektroskopische Untersuchungen ermittelt. Investigations on Diazo Compounds and Azides, LV. 7-(Diazomethyl)cycloheptatrienes by Electrophilic Diazoalkane Substitution The silver-(diazomethyl)phosphoryl compounds 2a–c smoothly undergo electrophilic diazo-alkane substitution with 1 to give 3a–c. In contrast, a more complex product formation is encountered in the reaction of 1 with the mercury-bis(diazomethylcarbonyl) compounds 4a–d: Besides the 7-(diazomethyl)cycloheptatrienes 5a–d the styrene derivatives 6a–c as well as the bromomercurio compounds 7a–b are formed. Probably the norcaradiene intermediates 12 and 14 play a role in the formation of 6 and 7. The reaction of the 7-(diazomethyl)cycloheptatrienes 3a–c and 5a, b, d with PTAD (16) affords the [4 + 2]-cycloadducts 17a–f, derived from 7-(diazomethyl)norcaradiene isomers. The structures of 3, 5, and 17 are based above all on 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopic investigations.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the rotations of diene ligands with respect to the Cr(CO) 2 (DMPE) fragment with trigonal prismatic transition states and octahedral intermediates were investigated.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the Wechsel der C H Cr-Brucke zwischen C-5 and C-7 with einer Energiebarriere von ΔG = 27.9 (1), 28.6 (2) kJ · mol−1 an, and the three endo-protons as well as the three exo-and four olefin protons of the C7H10 ligand exchange their positions with ΔG 67.2 (1, 64.1 (2), 64.4 (3
Abstract: Hexacarbonylchrom(0), Pentacarbonyl(trimethylphosphan)chrom(0) oder Pentacarbonyl-(trimethylphosphit)chrom(0) ergeben mit 1,3-Cycloheptadien bei UV-Bestrahlung Cr-;(CO)2L(η4:CH-C7H10)-Komplexe (L CO (1), P(CH3)3 (2), P(OCH3)3 (3)). Formal sind 1 – 3 Elektronenmangelverbindungen, die durch Wechselwirkung von C-5 oder C-7 des C7H10-Liganden mit dem Zentralmetall uber eine C H Cr-Brucke stabilisiert werden. Temperaturabhangige NMR-Spektren zeigen den Wechsel der C H Cr-Brucke zwischen C-5 und C-7 mit einer Energiebarriere von ΔG = 27.9 (1), 28.6 (2), 28.4 (3) kJ · mol−1 an. Weiterhin tauschen die drei endo-Protonen des C7H10-Liganden einerseits sowie die drei exo- und die vier olefinischen Protonen andererseits mit ΔG = 67.2 (1), 64.1 (2), 61.4 (3) kJ · mol−1 ihre Positionen. Die Molekulstruktur von 2 wurde durch eine Rontgenstruktur-analyse bestimmt. Hindered Ligand Movements in Transition Metal Complexes, 26. Synthesis, Stereochemistry, and Dynamic Behaviour of (η4:CH-1,3-Cycloheptadiene)-chromium(0) Complexes Hexacarbonylchromium(0), pentacarbonyl(trimethylphosphane)chromium(0), or pentacarbonyl(trimethylphosphite)chromium(0) react with 1,3-cycloheptadiene under UV irradiation to give Cr(CO)2L(η4:CH-C7H10) complexes (L CO (1), P(CH3)3 (2), P(OCH3)3 (3)). In a formal sense, 1 – 3 are electron-deficient compounds, which are stabilized by interactions between C-5 or C-7 of the C7H10 ligand and the central metal by C H Cr bridges. Temperature dependent NMR spectra of 1 – 3 show a change of the C H Cr bridge between C-5 and C-7 with a barrier of activation of ΔG = 27.9 (1), 28.6 (2), 28.4 (3) kJ · mol−1. Furthermore the three endo-protons as well as the three exo-and four olefin protons of the C7H10 ligand exchange their positions with ΔG 67.2 (1), 64.1 (2), 61.4 (3) kJ · mol−1. The molecular structure of 2 was determined by an X-ray structure analysis.


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The photochemical reaction of tricarbonyl-η 6 -1,3,5-cycloheptatriene-chromium(0) (I) with tricyclo[6.3.0.1 10,15.0 2,8.0 3,7 ] octadeca-11,13,16-triene- chromium( 0) (III) can be achieved with trimethylphosphite as discussed by the authors.

Journal ArticleDOI
Manfred Regitz1, R. Martin1
TL;DR: The α-Diazophosphonsaure-methylester 5a-5f reagieren mit Brom-trimethylsilan in Benzol bei Raumtemperatur zu den Silyiestern 6a-6f, die mit tert-Butylamin/Ether in die tert-butylammonium-α-diazophophosphinate 7a-7f umgewandelt werden as discussed by the authors.



Journal ArticleDOI
Walter Pflumm1
TL;DR: Meagre — but continuous — nectar secretion by the flowers of bee-pollinated plants, when combined with a small distance between the individual flowers, results in a high number of flowers visited during a sojourn in the collecting area.
Abstract: The behavior of nectar-collecting honeybees (Apis mellifica) at a glass sugar-water contained and at various plants was observed, and these food sources were compared with regard to duration of the bee's sojourn in the collecting area and the number of single visits per sojourn. Meagre — but continuous — nectar secretion by the flowers of bee-pollinated plants, when combined with a small distance between the individual flowers, results in a high number of flowers visited during a sojourn in the collecting area.