University of Almería

About: University of Almería is a education organization based out in Almería, Spain. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Context (language use). The organization has 4674 authors who have published 10905 publications receiving 233036 citations. The organization is also known as: University of Almeria & Universidad de Almería.

Genetic algorithms for the design of looped irrigation water distribution networks

Abstract: [1] A new computer model called Genetic Algorithm Pipe Network Optimization Model (GENOME) has been developed with the aim of optimizing the design of new looped irrigation water distribution networks. The model is based on a genetic algorithm method, although relevant modifications and improvements have been implemented to adapt the model to this specific problem. It makes use of the robust network solver EPANET. The model has been tested and validated by applying it to the least cost optimization of several benchmark networks reported in the literature. The results obtained with GENOME have been compared with those found in previous works, obtaining the same results as the best published in the literature to date. Once the model was validated, the optimization of a real complex irrigation network has been carried out to evaluate the potential of the genetic algorithm for the optimal design of large-scale networks. Although satisfactory results have been obtained, some adjustments would be desirable to improve the performance of genetic algorithms when the complexity of the network requires it.

Structural modifications in the swelling of inhomogeneous microgels by light and neutron scattering.

Abstract: Small-angle neutron scattering and dynamic light scattering have been used to study the thermodynamics of swelling and the associated structure modifications of highly cross-linked temperature-sensitive poly $(N$-isopropylacrylamide) [poly(NIPAM)] microgels in ${\mathrm{D}}_{2}\mathrm{O}.$ A particle core-shell model is proposed, with the core containing most of the cross-linker molecules. The Flory-Rehner theory, with the inclusion of a concentration dependent Flory solvency parameter, successfully describes the experimental swelling, despite the inhomogeneous character of the particles. Interestingly, the shell evolution with temperature controls the whole particle swelling, exerting an external pressure over the core, which in turn influences its size during the swelling process. Scaling laws for the correlation lengths were found with respect to temperature and polymer concentration. Finally, it has been encountered that for the collapsed microgel states, the particle surface seems to have a fractal character.