Showing papers by "University of Huddersfield published in 1983"

The effect of forestry drainage operations on upland sediment yields: The results of a storm‐based study

Abstract: The effects of pre-afforestation open ditching on the sediment yield of an upland catchment in the Southern Pennines, England are described. Marked increases in the production of suspended sediment following ploughing caused major pollution of a local reservoir. Sediment supply prior to ditching was limited and easily exhausted, but afterwards remained plentiful, allowing sustained erosion during periods of storm runoff. Large volumes of sediment were carried into the reservoir during the winter of 1980–81. More recently, exhaustion of supplies of loose material in the ditches and revegetation have led to a lower rate of sediment output.

Exhaust brake valve

Abstract: The disclosure illustrates an exhaust brake valve positioned between a divided section exhaust manifold of an internal combustion engine and the divided flow entry to a turbine wheel of a turbocharger used in conjunction with the engine. The valve comprises a closure member displaceable between two positions, the second of which provides separate but free flow from the exhaust manifold sections and the corresponding divided flow entry of the turbine. The closure member, when displaced to the first position, blocks flow to the turbine, but at the same time interconnects the sections of the exhaust manifold. In this condition the engine acts like a compressor working against a blockage to provide a retarding effect, but the manifold interconnection minimizes peak pressure pulses to prevent engine valve bounce.

Paper shredding machine

Abstract: A paper-shredding machine has a sleeve mounted for limited movement towards and away from a surface of a housing of the machine to define an inlet opening, through which paper can be fed to cutters disposed within the housing. The sleeve normally occupies a position in which the inlet opening is closed but can move relative to the housing to admit paper through the inlet opening.

Spatial variation in solutional denudation and soil moisture over a hillslope hollow

Abstract: A spatial pattern of relative solutional denudation is described for a hillslope hollow and adjacent spurs at Bicknoller Combe, Somerset. The pattern was obtained from a network of micro-weight loss rock tablets emplaced in the soil. The results show that the hollow is the main locus of solutional denudation. The soil moisture distribution over the hollow indicates that it is a transmission zone for acid soil water percolating from the adjacent spurs to the saturated wedge at the base of the hollow. The wetter acid soils in the hollow are responsible for the relatively higher solutional denudation taking place in the hollow.

End user touch searching for cancer therapy literature: a rule based approach

Abstract: This paper reviews work towards building an expert system for searching the cancer therapy literature on MEDLINE. A modified subset of the Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) has been stored on a micro-computer and accessed via a touch terminal. Searches, previously requested of the Oncology Information Service at the University of Leeds, have been used to test out the principle of end user searching and the results compared with the searching expertise of a MEDLARS indexer. Original program development was in PASCAL, but a rule-based approach, which is independent of a particular programming language, has been developed for search term and frame selection adopting a 'blackboard' philosophy in tracing the process of selection. Work is progressing on an implementation using the expert systems programming language PROLOG, which has been found a very suitable language for representing rules and provides a ready made rule interpreter. It is suggested that this approach is superior in terms of retrieval performance compared with alternative approaches to end-user searching which fail to exhibit detailed knowledge regarding the subject matter of the search.

Feline central retinal degeneration in the domestic cat

Abstract: The literature on taurine deficiency in the cat is reviewed and six cases occurring in general small animal practice in Britain are reported. The histological findings in one case are described.

Does the use of stained maggots present a risk of bladder cancer to coarse fishermen

Abstract: A case-control study in West Yorkshire has been used to investigate possible risks of bladder cancer amongst those fishermen who used azo-based dyestuffs to stain maggots or who purchased ready coloured maggots. No risks have been found, although the confidence limits of the estimates are wide. These data refer to exposures over ten years ago and it is possible recent changes in fishing practice, if they have occurred, are not yet assessable due to the long mean latency seen in bladder cancer when exposure to carcinogens is not great. This paper does not suggest the general use of these substances is without hazard, merely that no risk is associated with the study group and that the chemicals under study are not a major cause of bladder cancer.

The Rodney riots in Jamaica: The background and significance of the events of October 1968

Abstract: (1983). The Rodney riots in Jamaica: The background and significance of the events of October 1968. The Journal of Commonwealth & Comparative Politics: Vol. 21, Race and politics in the caribbean, pp. 158-174.

Nutrition in catering

Abstract: Summary For the purposes of this paper, catering activities are classified into three parts: If or profit, 2 at breakeven, 3 subsidised. The second group are mainly canteens and the health service and the third group includes the armed forces and some educational authorities. However, the industry has a poor statistical base and quantitive data are only available for broad characteristics. In 1978 the industry in the UK employed 2.14 million and the industry is labour intensive. Also in 1978 the National Health Service provided 600 million meals and some 3.5 million school meals were prepared a day during school term. Overall, it is estimated that, in 1976, eating out accounted for 12 per cent of expenditure on foods. The newer systems of catering, cook freeze and cook-chill, are described and the significance of the separation of production from service which these systems make possible are assessed with particular reference to nutrient value at the time of consumption. The most labile nutrients are vitamins C, thiamin and folic acid. The advantages of Fast Foods in encouraging the consumption of nutritious foods are discussed and particular attention is drawn to the potential risk of over consumption of salt, energy and fat and under consumption of folic acid and iron if total diets consist exclusively of specific fast foods. The potential use of institutional catering in an educational role is discussed with particular reference to a trial organised with the Mersey Docks and Harbour Company as part of the Port of Liverpool Heart Health Campaign, where an attempt will be made to decrease the intake of fat and salt and to increase the intake of fibre.

Tractor front loaders

Abstract: Tractor front loaders of drive-in type have brackets fixed to a tractor and engageable with a detachable sub-frame carrying a boom assembly mounting a bucket. The sub-frame is secured to the brackets by close-fitting pins causing removal difficulties, or loose-fitting pins causing loader instability and accelerated pin wear. Easy-release pins are therefore provided, each passing with substantial radial clearance through aligned axially-spaced holes in one bracket and fitting, between the holes, in an eccentric bush which fits in a boss fixed to the subframe and is rotatable by a handle into an operative position in which the pin establishes contact with one side of the holes and the boss establishes clamping contact with a cam-plate fixed to the bracket, or into an easy-release position in which the contacts are disestablished.

Studies on the adiabatic polymerisation of acrylamide

Abstract: Kinetic parameters, obtained isothermally, have been used in the quantitative description of the polymerisation of acrylamide under virtually adiabatic conditions. The equations which have been derived relate the temperature rise on reaction to the decrease in reactant concentration during the course of reaction, taking account of the various energies of activation and frequency factors involved, whose values may be chosen as required. The approach used has been to find the value of the overall activation energy which gives the best agreement between theoretical and experimental temperature-time plots. Good agreement has been obtained between these when a value of 74,5 ± 0,9 kJ · mol−1 was chosen for the overall activation energy for the persulfate-initiated polymerisation of acrylamide using a wide range of initiator and monomer concentrations. This gives a value of 135,5 kJ · mol−1 for the activation energy for the thermal decomposition of the persulfate ion, which is in good agreement with the literature. Interesting implications are discussed in the context of the nature of the product formed during the course of the polymerisation.

Further Education Pressure Groups: the Campaign for Adult Education in 1944

Abstract: The present arrangements for Adult Education in Britain are a product of the Education Act of 1944. This article examines the emergence of the clauses of the Act concerned with Adult Education. Adult Education was one of the three components in the Act concerned with Further Education, the others being technical and continued education. An article published in History of Education examined the campaigns conducted on behalf of both continued and technical education in the years before 1944 (Evans, 1982). Its conclusion was that there were two elements which ensured some success for those campaigns: the impact of war and the effect of pressure group activity. The first two parts of this article seek to demonstrate that the same influences were also salient in Adult Education. They proved to be rather less effective, however, and Adult Education won only a hollow victory. The third part of the article reveals that many campaigners for Adult Education weakened their own campaign by indulging in an internecine conflict damaging to the cause as a whole. The powerful impulse for the reform of education in general developed in 1940 and 1941. The process was well advanced when R. A. Butler became President of the Board of Education in July 1941. But, by building on the work of his predecessor, Butler succeeded in widening the consultative processes between Board officials and the affected interests. By the end of 1941 the stage was set to launch campaigns on behalf of particular parts of the education system.

Students, Courses and Colleges:: The Situation, Consequences and Actions Needed

Abstract: Higher education is the main source of executive manpower and professional technology for businesses, yet it is only in the last few months of the education system that firms make contact with the education elite. When a graduate is recruited, a firm obtains two things — the individual and the training. Many firms concentrate on the individual when selecting potential executives, although if a company is seeking technologists, a student's course is more important. Businesses dedicate much effort to obtaining the best of the output of the education system and spend generously on management training, but pay little attention to the mechanism that brings together the two raw materials — sixth formers and courses in higher education. In the long‐run, a business is only as good as the people it employs and the failure to manage the process that ensures a flow of the right people into business is reflected in the failure of British businesses to be competitive.

The present state of the art on computer-aided draughting and design

Abstract: The major objective of the paper is to widen the appreciation of computers in engineering, particularly those aspects of computer-aided design, analysis and draughting. No apology is made for keeping the scope to the basic fundamentals of computer hardware and software. Attention has been given to what can be achieved within a budget, together with the advantages/disadvantages of micro, mini or mainframe computer facilities in an engineering environment.

The case for low‐fat milk

Abstract: The bulk of milk sold in this country is pasteurized whole milk. This is normally made by the high temperature‐short time (HTST) process in which the milk is heated to 72°C, held there for 15 seconds, and then cooled using a very rapid heat exchanger. Pasteurization destroys all the pathogenic organisms and about 99% of the other bacteria in milk.

Uprate of cummins v-903 diesel engine to 1000 bhp for military application

Abstract: A commercial truck engine normally rated at 350 bhp was upgraded to 1000 bhp for military application. The design approach used was increased engine speed, low compression ratio, high pressure turbocharging, after-cooling and turbocompounding. This paper presents details of the performance analysis, engine modifications, and design and development of the new turbo-machinery required. Results of engine test-work are also presented.

Decanting type centrifuge

Abstract: A decanting type centrifuge having a main bowl which is adapted to be rotated about its longitudinal axis and which contains a helical scroll conveyor which is arranged to rotate about the main bowl axis at a slightly different speed to the main bowl for scrolling separated solids to a solids discharge end of the bowl The centrifuge includes a means which acts to isolate a gas volume radially inwardly of the inner liquid surface within the bowl and also a passage arrangement which enables gas to be extracted continuously from the isolated gas volume to a location external to the main bowl

Behaviourally Defined Objectives: A Critique. Part One.

Abstract: The first part of the article takes up the theme of objectives and behavioural objectives as expressed in recent developments in the FE Curriculum. A number of arguments are then developed to demonstrate the inadequacy of behaviourally defined objectives as a basis for curriculum planning. The movement is interpreted as part of an attempt to use engineering technological critieria in order to define educational purposes. The argument is that human behaviour cannot be adequately accounted for within such guidelines, and, consequently, a curriculum based upon such a design is bound to be inadequate. It is claimed that the key to understanding the nature of education and training, and, hence, to designing an adequate curriculum is the concept of a person.

Some social and anthropometric predictors of energy intake by residents in homes for the elderly.

Abstract: An equation is presented which attempts to predict food energy intake in groups of elderly people in local authority homes, from a knowledge of six factors viz: sex, marital status, bodyweight, ideal bodyweight, height and home size. About 41 % of total variation in energy intake was accounted for by the six variables. Energy intake was not significantly influenced by age or by home per se.

Some aspect of body image and nutrient intakes in self-catering students undergoing voluntary slimming.

Abstract: ELF-CATERING students tend to eat more ’convenience’ foods than students occupying Halls of R s dence and amongst self-caterers women tend to eat more foods associated with health and slimming compared with men’. Generally, self-catering students consume less than recommended intakes of several essential nutrients. This is so even when not consciously slimming and again this tendency is sometimes more marked in women than in men 2,3 . This paper reports a project designed inter alia to investigate energy and nutrient intakes during voluntary slimming within a population of Polytechnic self-catering students.

Some problems associated with mixed age mixed ability teaching in modern languages in further Education—Clarification and some strategies

Abstract: In the first instance the forms of foreign language learning in Further and Adult Education in England are described together with a selection of the more common teaching, learning and organisational factors and problems associated with them. In Further Education most of these classes will be mixed age, mixed ability and possibly even mixed race. Possible solutions to these problems are given, including the value of group work and mutual group supportiveness. The BBC is playing an important part in making learning more accessible and enjoyable and its relevant contribution in courses and philosophy is outlined especially in its functional/notional courses. The importance of criterion referenced assessment and the graded test movement for language mastery are emphasised and a basic psychology of the acquisition of a foreign modern language concludes the article.