Showing papers by "University of Westminster published in 1992"

Enzymatic synthesis of oligosaccharides.

Abstract: The aim of this research is to develop a model to describe oligosaccharide synthesis and simultaneously lactose hydrolysis. Model A (engineering approach) and model B (biochemical approach) were used to describe the data obtained in batch experiments with (J-galactosidase from Bacillus circulans at various initial lactose concentrations (0.19-0.59 mol/kg). A procedure was developed to fit the model parameters and to select the most suitable model. The procedure can also be used for other kinetically controlled reactions. Each experiment was considered as an independent estimation of the model parameters, and consequently, model parameters were fitted to each experiment separately. Estimation of the parameters per experiment preserved the time dependence of the measurements and yielded independent sets of parameters. The next step was to study by ordinary regression methods whether parameters were constant under the altering conditions examined. Throughout all experiments, the parameters of model B did not show a trend upon the initial lactose concentration when inhibition was included. Therefore model B, a galactosyl-enzyme complex based model, was chosen to describe the oligosaccharide synthesis, and one parameter set was determined for various initial lactose concentrations. This chapter has been published as: Boon MA, Janssen AEM, van der Padt A. 1999. Modelling and parameter estimation of the enzymatic synthesis of oligosaccharides by |3-galactosidase from Bacillus circulans. Biotechnol Bioeng 64:558-567.

Jeremy Bentham and the Real Property Commission of 1828

Abstract: In February 1828 a Royal Commission was appointed to examine the law of Real Property of England and Wales. The Commission sat for four years and examined a vast amount of material, recommended certain changes in the law, and drafted several bills for consideration by parliament. Four massive reports were eventually presented to parliament in May 1829, June 1830, May 1832, and lastly in April 1833. As a result parliament enacted a limited number of piecemeal (although important) reforms, but did not attempt a major revision of the law.

Application of electric field for production of immobilized biocatalysts

Abstract: A new technique is presented for the production of small hydrogel beads to immobilize biocatalysts. The technique utilizes electric-field-accelerated dripping to form reproducible beads with required sizes and enables thein-situ production of beads under 1 mm diameter in bioreactors.

Production Management for Film and Video

Abstract: The production manager the production process a feature script a documentary proposal pre-production script breakdown the cross plot scheduling a feature scheduling a documentary budgeting a feature budgeting a documentary controlling the budget preparing for the school the shoot post production delivery the business of production.

Colour in photography

Abstract: Colour photography uses films and printing papers that incorporate gelatin dispersions of silver halide crystals as light-sensitive elements. About one micrometer in size, these crystals are insensitive at wavelengths greater than approximately 500 run and require development to reveal the effects of exposure. This paper describes methods by which photographic materials can ‘see’ most of the visible spectrum, how colours of subjects are analysed and how final images are synthesised, all within layers a few microns thick.

The Sunday Trading Battle in England and Wales

Abstract: The regulation of Sunday trading provides a paradigm case of conflict between market liberalism and older notions of conservatism. Although such conflict has been apparent in many Western economies, it has perhaps been most acute in recent years in the United Kingdom. The only significant parliamentary defeat in Mrs Thatcher’s long premiership occurred in 1986 when her administration attempted to deregulate shop opening hours in England and Wales. This defeat was brought about by an unusual combination of political, social and religious, as well as economic, interests. Since then, while there has been no further attempt to legislate in this area, the issue has become entangled with questions about the division between UK and EC jurisdiction. As a result of the confusion about the legal position, a de facto liberalisation of shopping hours occurred in 1991 with large numbers of stores opening on Sunday with apparent impunity—including national retail chains not usually known for their willingness to flout the law.

The development of a radiometric assay for monocyte phagocytosis and killing

Abstract: Monocyte and macrophage phagocytosis and killing has an important role in host defence against infectious microorganisms. Established methods for investigating these activities in vitro are time-consuming, expensive and prone to subjective error. An in vitro assay has been developed which measures monocyte phagocytosis and killing of Candida albicans. In this system, monocyte function is assessed by a radiometric assay based on the incorporation of [3H]uridine into viable yeast cells. This technique allows the simultaneous but independent measurement of the average number of yeast cells ingested by monocytes and the percentage of the ingested organisms killed within a defined incubation period. These tests can be carried out on a single sample of peripheral blood, are relatively easy to perform, and provide objective results within 24 h of receipt of the specimen. This method gave consistent results when monocyte-enriched harvests were obtained by four different separation techniques. This assay could prove a valuable tool for the investigation of monocyte function in individuals with recurrent infections to determine the contribution this makes to their clinical condition. It may also be used to investigate in vitro the influence of cytokines and other chemical agents on monocyte function.

Trans-European experiments in DSP education

Abstract: The Commission of European Communities (CEC) has put in place an interlocking set of initiatives aimed at enhancing the skillsbase European industry will require in order to sustain a competitive posture. One of these programs, COMETT II, is aimed at continuing education for small and medium enterprises. Another program, TEMPUS, aims to increase links between western and eastern Europe, and strongly focuses on academic interchanges and updating undergraduates/postgraduate curricula. DSP-forum, a COMETT II partnership between several European industrial firms and educational establishments, which primarily concentrates on short industrial training courses at a multiplicity of sites is discussed. Eleven partners in seven countries are currently involved with DSP-forum. Four additional partners presently complete the network of cooperating groups under TEMPUS sponsorship (primarily for development and validation of courseware and labware suitable for supporting remote interactive learning of DSP topics). >