Showing papers by "Urban Institute published in 1983"
TL;DR: In this paper, a model of metropolitan housing price determination is presented and used to identify the sources of intermetropolitan price variation, and the model is used to determine the most important sources of variation in rental and house prices.
137 citations
TL;DR: It will be difficult to estimate cost and that variation in the level of reimbursement will, in competitive markets, affect thelevel of amenity delivered to patients, as well asurred cost, amenity, and patient well-being.
99 citations
TL;DR: The authors examined empirically three explanations for the continuing racial difference in suburbanization: socioeconomic differences between the white and black central city populations, racially motivated outmovement by whites (white flight), and abnormally low outmigration by blacks (black retention).
Abstract: Although black city-to-suburb residential mobility increased markedly during the 1970s, the rate of outmovement by whites was still much higher. In this article we examine empirically three explanations for this continuing racial difference in suburbanization: (1) socioeconomic differences between the white and black central city populations, (2) racially motivated outmovement by whites (white flight), and (3) abnormally low outmovement by blacks (black retention). Using 1974-1976 Annual Housing Survey data from 35 large SMSAs, we begin by replicating Frey's (1979) analysis of white outmovement during the late 1960s. We then modify the model and apply it to black outmovement. We conclude from our analysis that black retention, attributable to actual or anticipated racial discrimination against blacks, is responsible for most of the white-black gap in rates of city-to-suburb movement. The other two explanations play only secondary roles.
61 citations
01 Jan 1983
57 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, an empirical study of the relationship between inflation expectations and the demand for housing was conducted, and the major findings were that housing demand is a function of both expected inflation and the real interest rate.
52 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a model of local government decision-making in response to fiscal pressure drawn primarily from organizational and systems theory is presented, where local governments are viewed as organizations concerned with maintaining their equilibrium relationships with their external environment (public employees and their unions).
Abstract: Fiscally pressured local governments face the same basic choices in both the United States and the United Kingdom: whether to increase locally raised revenues in order to maintain existing services or to reduce local services. The article first posits a model of local government decision-making in response to fiscal pressure drawn primarily from organizational and systems theory. Local governments are viewed as organizations concerned with maintaining their equilibrium relationships with their external environment (public employees and their unions). The model suggests a series of hypotheses about how local government will respond to fiscal pressure. Case studies of fiscally pressured local governments in both the United States and the United Kingdom are then utilized to describe actual local responses and to assess the usefulness of the model. The article concludes by setting forth a rough hierarchy of preferred local responses.
49 citations
TL;DR: The authors reviewed the post-1975 theoretical and empirical research on race and residential location in metropolitan areas of the United States and interrelated the main themes of recent research, focusing on the causes and consequences of racial residential segregation Racial prejudice and discrimination, black suburbanization, school segregation, labor market discrimination, and city/surburban environmental differentials.
Abstract: This article reviews the post-1975 theoretical and empirical research on race and residential location in metropolitan areas of the United States We interrelate the main themes of recent research, focusing on the causes and consequences of racial residential segregation Racial prejudice and discrimination, black suburbanization, school segregation, labor market discrimination, and city/surburban environmental differentials are among the issues examined
24 citations
19 citations
TL;DR: The author applies the framework of multiregional population analysis to marital status changes as revealed by longitudinal retrospective data on marital histories collected as part of the June 1975 Current Population Survey supplement.
Abstract: In this paper the author applies the framework of multiregional population analysis to marital status changes as revealed by longitudinal retrospective data on marital histories collected as part of the June 1975 Current Population Survey supplement. Four marital statuses are used: never married, presently married, divorced, and widowed. Marital status life tables are computed for three periods: 1960–1965, 1965–1970, and 1970–1975, and, for each period, differences between males and females and between whites and blacks are described. We examine the proportion of a life-table cohort ever marrying, the mean age at first marriage, the number of marriages per person marrying, the proportion of marriages ending in divorce, the average duration of a marriage (or a divorce, or a widowhood), and the like.
19 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors focus on the reemployment difficulties of "mainstream" workers dislocated in mid-career by structural economic change, and they argue that the root problem is not dislocation per se but rather well-known failures of the private labor market such as geographic immobility, underinvestment in training, and inefficient labor exchange institutions.
Abstract: This paper is about the reemployment difficulties of “mainstream” workers dislocated in mid-career by structural economic change. Contrary to popular assumptions, empirical evidence suggests that most workers in this category do not encounter extraordinary reemployment difficulties.
For those that do, the root problem is not dislocation per se but rather such well-known failures of the private labor market as geographic immobility, underinvestment in training, and inefficient labor exchange institutions. Public policy should be structured in terms of correcting these market failures, not in terms of dislocated workers as atarget group.
7 citations
TL;DR: The case for and efficiency of government intervention in the housing sector and the economic rationale for them are briefly reviewed in this paper and suggested modifications that appear to be reasonable on budgeting, efficiency, and political grounds.
TL;DR: Health care professionals' ability to make accurate prognostic judgments for long-term care patients was tested in a study employing quarterly assessments and prognoses for more than 700 patients, with profound implications for policy makers considering reimbursement on the basis of performance related to patient outcome goals.
TL;DR: This paper examined the potential role of states in a "federalist industry policy" and concluded that a subnational industry policy offers a unique opportunity to reallocate existing state resources to achieve a much higher social return.
Abstract: A decade of economic stagnation has produced a plethora of calls for government action to stimulate economic growth in employment. Arguing that activists federal industry policy is likely not to emerge in the United States, Rasmussen and Ledebur examine the potential role of states in a “federalist industry policy.” States presently administer effective programs of financial assistance to business enterprises. These efforts are “rationally parochial” in that their purpose is served equally well by cresting a new job or pirating from other jurisdictions. This paper considers how state programs can be reoriented to serve national growth and development objectives as well as those of specific jurisdictions. It concludes that a subnational industry policy offers a unique opportunity to reallocate existing state resources to achieve a much higher social return.
TL;DR: In the United States of America and the United Kingdom these trends have triggered a substantial amount of public concern and debate and a variety of policies designed to focus on the problems of large urban economies as mentioned in this paper.
Abstract: Most large urban areas in the advanced market-economy nations of the West are experiencing a decentralization trend, with population and industrial employment moving from central city to suburb. In some large metropolitan areas the entire area is losing population, and employment is either growing very slowly or declining. In the United States of America and the United Kingdom these trends have triggered a substantial amount of public concern and debate and a variety of policies designed to focus on the problems of large urban economies. In most European countries, however, metropolitan population and employment stabilization or decline are either not perceived as problems or are just beginning to be seen as such. Indeed, in many of these countries the decentralization of population and employment from large urban areas is seen as consistent with the long-term objectives of regional policy.This article first summarizes urban-area population and employment trends in the USA, the UK, the Netherlands, Sweden...
TL;DR: In this article, the authors examined the theoretical and empirical justifications for replacing the bad-debt reserve deduction currently accorded to thrifts under federal tax law with a mortgage interest tax credit.
Abstract: This paper examines the theoretical and empirical justifications for replacing the special bad-debt reserve deduction currently accorded to thrifts under federal tax law with a mortgage interest tax credit. It presents the background to the recommendations of the President's Commission on Housing that such a change be employed as a short-term tax incentive to mortgage investment and compares a system in which all mortgage investors received the bad-debt deduction with one in which all receive a tax credit. The conclusion is that the credit is superior to the deduction on theoretical grounds although it is difficult to predict with certainty the impacts of such a change in tax policy on total mortgage investment.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present a needs assessment of older persons conducted for the Charlotte-Mecklenburg Council on Aging by the Urban Institute of the University of North Carolina at Charlotte.
Abstract: 1Adapted from a paper presented at the annual scientific meeting of the Gerontological Society of America, Toronto, Canada, November, 1981. 2Department of Psychology, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC 28223. 3The Urban Institute, The University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC 28223. This article summarizes a needs assessment of older persons conducted for the Charlotte-Mecklenburg Council on Aging by the Urban Institute of the University of North Carolina at Charlotte. Structured home interviews were conducted to provide the council with descriptive information about older persons in its service area and to assess needs in the areas of health, transportation, information referral, and nutrition. Interview questions relied heavily on the OARS Multidimensional Functional Assessment Questionnaire (1978) and the Temple University Institute for Survey Research Study of Mature People (1974).