Showing papers by "Western Carolina University published in 1989"
TL;DR: Meta-regression analysis (MRA) as mentioned in this paper provides a framework for replication and offers a sensitivity analysis for model specification to harmonize the dissonance of the review process of empirical economic literature.
Abstract: . Pedagogically, literature reviews are instrumental. They summarize the large literature written on a particular topic, give coherence to the complex, often disparate, views expressed about an issue, and serve as a springboard for new ideas. However, literature surveys rarely establish anything approximating unanimous consensus. Ironically, this is just as true for the empirical economic literature. To harmonize this dissonance, we offer a quantitative methodology for reviewing the empirical economic literature. Meta-regression analysis (MRA) is the regression analysis of regression analyses. MRA tends to objectify the review process. It studies the processes that produce empirical economic results as though they were any other social scientific phenomenon. MRA provides a framework for replication and offers a sensitivity analysis for model specification. In this brief essay, we propose a new method of reviewing economic literature, MRA, and discuss its potential.
553 citations
TL;DR: In this article, interviews were conducted with 24 graduating veterinary students to examine changes in their attitudes toward animals; the types of experiences and procedures that they found personally distressing; their perceptions of the most important ethical issues that they will face in private practice; and their responses to euthanizing animals.
Abstract: Interviews were conducted with 24 graduating veterinary students to examine (a) changes in their attitudes toward animals; (b) the types of experiences and procedures that they found personally distressing; (c) their perceptions of the most important ethical issues that they will face in private practice; and (d) their responses to euthanizing animals Students' responses differed considerably For example, about half of the students claimed that they were not affected by euthanasia, but another 25% still were struggling with this aspect of their professional role Rationalization was a common mechanism by which the students attempted to deal with stressful experiences It is argued that the moral dilemmas faced by veterinary students mirror the ethical ambiguities inherent in human-animal relationships
57 citations
TL;DR: Habituation of defensive attacks directed toward a threatening stimulus was investigated in neonatal garter snakes and support to the dual-process theory of habituation was lent.
Abstract: Habituation of defensive attacks directed toward a threatening stimulus was investigated in neonatal garter snakes. The focus of the experiments was on differential effects of a simple experimental process in relation to species, litter, sex, and individual. In Experiment 1 newborn Thamnophis melanogaster from four liters and newborn Thamnophis butleri from three liters were given daily tests in which snakes were confronted with a nonmoving and moving human hand. Over five successive test days the T melanogaster neonates showed a decline in number of strikes directed toward the stimuli. When retested 10-13 days later the animals showed significant response recovery. Although some of the T? butleri newborns demonstrated significant habituation, there was no overall habituation of strike scores in this species. The T? melanogaster had high strike scores, more rapid habituation to moving than nonmoving stimuli, and significant liter differences in habituation rates. The T? melanogaster, but not the T? butleri neonates, showed significant habituation of flight responses over the five tests. In T? butleri, but not T? melanogaster, males were more prone to attack than were females. In both species there were large differences in both overall strike scores and habituation rates of individual newborn animals. In Experiment 2, T? melanogaster 2-months old, were tested for short-term habituation to either a moving or nonmoving stimulus for 10 successive tests on one day. Habituation of strikes was similar to both stimuli, but more animals confronted with the moving stimulus showed an initial increase in strikes, lending support to the dual-process theory of habituation. As in Experiment 1, there were large individual differences in habituation rates. The results are discussed in terms of the ecological and methodological implications for developmental studies.
49 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the predictive validity of intention and expectation measures was examined by comparing subjects' intentions and expectations of their academic performance with their actual class performance, and it was found that expectations were better predictors of academic performance.
Abstract: The predictive validity of intention and expectation measures was examined by comparing subjects' intentions and expectations of their academic performance with their actual class performance. A total of 166 subjects were randomly assigned to respond to an intention or expectation version of a questionnaire. The instrument asked for intentions or expectations regarding performance on the next test, final examination, and final course grade. Expectations were found to be better predictors of academic performance. Expectation responses were also found to explain significant amounts of variance in the dependent measures after the effect of subjects' prior class performance (their first test score) had been taken into consideration. Additional types of outcomes and goals for which expectation measures are likely to provide more accurate prediction are discussed.
32 citations
TL;DR: The predicted interaction between accountability and applicant age applicant age was found on age-related adjective checklist items and increasing the subjects' accountability produced more stereotypical impressions of all applicants, along with a tendency to attribute the applicant's behavior to dispositional factors.
Abstract: We used simulated videotaped employment interviews to assess the effect of accountability on impressions of female job applicants. One hundred and twenty American undergraduates majoring in business and personnel related areas were informed that they would be participating in the pilot testing of a new employee placement technique. The age of the job applicant (25, 40, or 55 years), the position for which they were being considered (assistant director or director), and the degree to which subjects were made to feel accountable for their impressions of the applicant (low or high accountability) were manipulated, resulting in a 3 x 2 x 2 between-subjects design. The predicted interaction between accountability and applicant age applicant age was found on age-related adjective checklist items. Increasing the subjects' accountability produced more stereotypical impressions of all applicants, along with a tendency to attribute the applicant's behavior to dispositional factors.
30 citations
TL;DR: Results indicated that clinicians demonstrate greater completion of commitments when structured accountability is introduced early into and subsequently faded from supervisory conferences, and that the written agreement is more beneficial for beginning clinicians than for experienced clincians.
Abstract: This investigation developed and utilized a methodology for studying the follow-through of student clinicians from supervisory conferences to later activities. Based upon an earlier investigation i...
25 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors characterize the shoplifting behavior of 132 adult middle class shoplifters as rational, non-rational, or mixed depending on the extent to which the subject's theft was calculated to achieve a goal.
Abstract: This article characterizes the shoplifting behavior of 132 adult middle class shoplifters as "rational, " "nonrational, " or "mixed, " depending on the extent to which the subject's theft was calculated to achieve a goal. The findings suggest that though there are certain demographicdifferences between the types, there appears to be little difference between groups in terms of the types of stores targeted, the type of items stolen, the value of the items stolen, or thefrequency ofshoplifting incidents. It is suggested, therefore, that contrary to earlier research, nonrational types pose a significant threat to store security since they do not consider the possibilities of apprehension and once apprehended the experience does not change their attitudes toward shoplifting. It is speculated that preventive approaches to loss prevention utilizing highly visible uniformed officers might help to deter nonrational offenders.
25 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the connection between child development and intergenerational relationships is explored and the effect of social isolation experienced by today's children as a result of demographic, economic, and social changes is discussed.
Abstract: Summary This paper explores the connection between child development and intergenerational relationships. The social isolation experienced by today's children as a result of demographic, economic, and social changes and the effect of this isolation on child development are outlined as an overall rationale for intergenerational programming. The discussion focuses on four developmental stages of children from infancy through adolescence. Within each stage, the crucial developmental tasks are described as well as ways in which older adults might foster development at that stage. Examples of current intergenerational programs are highlighted within each stage.
19 citations
TL;DR: Abrusin 2.8-C -glucosylscutelarein 6,7-dimethylether (abrusin) and its 2″-O -apioside have been identified as minor components in the seeds of Abrus precatorius.
16 citations
TL;DR: The synthesis of PAF from [3H]acetate by slices of trout gill, kidney, liver and spleen is demonstrated, suggesting that PAF may be an important mediator in fish.
14 citations
TL;DR: Proteins that catalyze the transfer of phospholipids between membranes are known to occur in the mammalian lung and may play roles in the pulmonary surfactant system.
Abstract: Proteins that catalyze the transfer of phospholipids between membranes are known to occur in the mammalian lung and may play roles in the pulmonary surfactant system. These roles may include 1) packaging of newly synthesized as well as recycled surfactant phospholipid into lamellar bodies, the intracellular storage form of surfactant phospholipid, 2) extracellular movement of phospholipid between the compartments in the alveolar subphase, and 3) delivery of phospholipid to membrane sites during signal transduction events. The nature and distribution of these proteins are discussed as they relate to the pulmonary surfactant system.
TL;DR: The authors used 233 introductory psychology textbooks published between 1887 and 1987 to obtain definitions of psychology and found a finite set of definitional categories as well as interesting patterns over time, such as the return of mentalism and the stability of behavior as representing current definitions.
Abstract: Definitions of psychology were obtained from 233 introductory psychology textbooks published between 1887 and 1987. An examination of these definitions yields both a finite set of definitional categories as well as interesting patterns over time. The work of Kuhn (1970) on evolution and revolution in science is used in interpreting the results, as the results do show paradigmlike trends. These trends include the return of mentalism and the stability of behavior as representing current definitions.
TL;DR: In this paper, a study assessed the adequacy of basing productivity ratings on a single criterion by examining research productivity across three journals in social psychology and found a relatively strong relationship between the single-criterion rankings based on the APA journal and the standardized composite productivity rankings.
Abstract: Research productivity in social psychology was reviewed for the JO-year period 1978-1987. The study assessed the adequacy of basing productivity ratings on a single criterion by examining research productivity across three journals in social psychology. Composite productivity scores were compared with a single index based on publications in the Journal of Personality and Social Psychology for the years 1978-1987. To assess changes in productivity over time, comparisons were made between productivity rankings based on publication in the Journal of Personality and Social Psychology for the years 1970-1975, 1976-1985, and 1978-1987. Author descriptions from Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin were also used to examine graduate student productivity in this journal. The results revealed a relatively strong relationship between the single-criterion rankings based on the APA journal and the standardized composite productivity rankings. The relative utility of such information for selection of graduate pro...
TL;DR: The distribution of compounds has indicated a dichotomy between the Psilotales and the leptosporangiate ferns, and based on polyphenolic profiles, the Marattiales can be separated into two groups.
TL;DR: The authors compared LD and average college students' use of expository text structure and story grammar to recall social studies text passages and found that LD students use story structure as well as nondisabled students and suggest that structure use is developmental.
Abstract: This study compared LD and average college students' use of expository text structure and story grammar to recall social studies text passages. Students simultaneously read and listened to three passages with different structures: story grammar, comparison, and causation. Results were analyzed for structure use in immediate oral recall. No difference was found between the groups on the use of story grammar and comparison structure. However, the LD students scored significantly lower than their average peers on the causation structure. The results support research showing that LD students use story structure as well as nondisabled students and suggest that structure use is developmental, with use of comparison structures preceding use of causation.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors carried out a survey of owners in Western North Carolina, USA, with a view to determining the factors involved in camping tourism, and the results of the study were used to form the basis for several marketing recommendations aimed at enhancing the attractiveness of the camping product to encourage increasing numbers of tourists who will also take longer holidays.
TL;DR: Prior to receiving briefly lateralized presentations of ambiguous visual patterns (Rorschach inkblots), 28 normal right-handed males heard two words, each describing a different interpretation of the pattern, which were interpreted as consistent with the theory that the LH's favored mental representation is semantic and the RH's favored representation is imaginal.
TL;DR: The Association for Death Education and Counseling (ADEC) as discussed by the authors is a non-profit organization dedicated to death education and counseling, which was founded in 2003 and has been in existence for 12 years.
Abstract: Organizations have a life cycle. They are born out of need, grow as they speak to that need, evolve to meet changing opportunities, and diminish or die when they no longer are relevant to the lives of their members. As president of the Association for Death Education and Counseling (ADEC), I have been asked to write an article about the organization: to describe the conditions which led to its formation, to review its accomplishments across the first 12 years of its existence, and to focus on the future of ADEC as it moves toward the 21st century.
TL;DR: It is demonstrated that polyunsaturated fatty acids in the phospholipids of rainbow trout tissues are compartmentalized differently than in mammalian tissues.
Abstract: 1. 1. Data presented here demonstrate that polyunsaturated fatty acids in the phospholipids of rainbow trout tissues are compartmentalized differently than in mammalian tissues. 2. 2. We have determined the distribution of omega-3 (n-3) and omega-6 (n-6) fatty acids in the alkyl-, alk-1-enyl-, and diacyl- subclasses of phosphatidylcholines (PC), phosphatidyl-ethanolamines (PE), phosphatidylinositols (PI), and phosphatidylserines (PS) from gill, kidney and spleen of rainbow trout. 3. 3. Alkyl-linked PC and alk-1-enyl-linked PE were the most abundant ether-containing phospholipids, amounting to 10–15% of each class; no ether-linked PI or PS was detected. 4. 4. C20:4 n-6 was found in high concentrations only in PI; the n-3 fatty acids were found in highest concentration in the ether-linked phospholipids as compared with the diacyl subclasses and C20:5 n-3 was especially prevalent in 1-O-alk-1′-enyl-2-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine and C22:6 n-3 was prevalent in PS.
TL;DR: Low- and moderate-exploratory children with learning disabilities engaged in exploratory behavior independently and with an adult who communicated support in one of two nonintrusive ways.
Abstract: Low- and moderate-exploratory children with learning disabilities engaged in exploratory behavior independently and with an adult who communicated support in one of two nonintrusive ways. Consistent with a developmental motivation perspective, low- and moderate-exploratory children showed higher levels of exploration under both kinds of supportive conditions.
TL;DR: Anthrozoos II:2 carried on pages 98 through 117 an article based on ethnographic research conducted in animal-research laboratories as discussed by the authors argued that sacrifice is an ambivalent concept in the culture of animal experimentation, requiring both objectification of and identification with the laboratory animal.
Abstract: Anthrozoos II:2 carried on pages 98 through 117 an article based on ethnographic research conducted in animal-research laboratories. The paper argued that sacrifice is an ambivalent concept in the culture of animal experimentation, requiring both objectification of and identification with the laboratory animal. The author argued that, because of this ambivalence, laboratory animals are not accorded a single, uniform, and unchanging status but are seen simultaneously as objects and pets. The animals are objectified by incorporation into the protocol, by isolation, by transformation into commodities, and by situational definition. At the same time, laboratory workers develop relationships with the animals that resemble those between owners and pets. These relationships can be divided into four categories: enshrined pets, epitomized by pictures, cartoons, and objects of animals in the laboratory; liberated pets, epitomized by animals removed from the laboratory before experimentation; saved pets, epitomized ...
TL;DR: In this article, the p-nonlinear equations are derived from the prime principle and the chaotic functions are defined and the local solutions and global stability for the p − nonlinear equations studied.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors present a practical sequence for setting up a group reward system and some guidelines for making key decisions about implementation and termination of the program, which can be used with all members of a class take careful planning and thought.
Abstract: When special education teachers consult with regular classroom teachers, they frequently are asked about how to set up a reward system for a classroom. This article presents a practical sequence for setting up a group reward system and some guidelines for making key decisions about implementation and termination of the program. Reward systems that can be used with all members of a class take careful planning and thought. One first-year teacher, despairing of her lack of control, brought in a bag of lemon drops and announced to the class that all children who were good would receive a lemon drop at the end of the day. While the announcement got the students' attention, it generated a number of control problems. The teacher quickly learned that she had no method for monitoring \"good\" behavior or any criteria by which to decide who should not receive the lemon drops. Some students began in earnest to determine what \"being good\" meant and if \"being good\" the last hour of the day would suffice. A second group,