Showing papers in "Addictive Behaviors in 1986"

TL;DR: QF categorization provides a relatively insensitive measure of individual differences in drinking behavior as compared to TL-derived data, which can be used to generate a variety of potentially useful dependent variables, whereas the QF method generates a single variable.

TL;DR: Using reports of relapse crises collected through a relapse prevention hotline, a taxonomy of relapse situations is developed, suggesting that they are especially tempting among people who failed to cope behaviorally in social situations.

TL;DR: Results showed that subjects in the exercise condition significantly reduced their alcohol consumption compared to the no-treatment control condition, and the implications of these findings for treatment intervention and the importance of subject compliance are discussed.

TL;DR: It is concluded that, although it is always desirable to validate offsprings' reports of relatives' drinking, such reports tend to agree with those of other siblings, and the use of these reports is reasonable when validation is impossible or unfeasible.

TL;DR: The results suggest that nicotine can produce physiological and psychological changes that are relevant to the reinforcement of smoking but are independent of the state of nicotine withdrawal.

TL;DR: There was the increase with age in children's awareness that smoking could be used to control negative mood states rather than simply result in positive enjoyment, and much social, rather than purely cognitive learning, of beliefs about smoking among children.

TL;DR: Both factor analysis and internal consistency analyses indicate that the items of the Tolerance Questionnaire do not form a unidimensional measure of an underlying construct.

TL;DR: Self-reported use of cocaine was highly predictive of use of many other drug substances, and income from salaries and gifts was predictive of current cocaine use to a small but significant degree.

TL;DR: Patients with bulimia and substance abuse experienced a higher rate of diuretic use to control weight, financial and work problems, stealing before and after the onset of the eating disorder, and previous psychiatric inpatient treatment.

TL;DR: In an experimental comparison, 24 inpatients at an Alcoholism Treatment Center with the DSM-III diagnosis alcohol dependence (alcoholism) were randomly assigned to a Social Skills Training Group (SSTG) or a Control Group (CG).

TL;DR: Almost 93% of alcoholics reported at least one cue associated with heightened craving for alcohol, and these results have important implications for treatment programs for alcoholics.

TL;DR: It is concluded that men and women differ importantly along several dimensions with regard to weight history and response to treatment, and these differences may have implications for treatment of overweight.

TL;DR: It is recommended that this self-efficacy scale be administered in other communities, and in conjunction with biochemical analysis to validate the self-reported smoking behavior, implying the predictive capacity of the instrument.

TL;DR: At the end of treatment, the eight groups that had the behavior monitoring treatment averaged over 6 pounds more weight lost than the matched control groups as well as showing significantly better attendance.

TL;DR: A multicomponent smoking relapse prevention treatment based on Marlatt and Gordon's (1980) model of the relapse process was developed and evaluated and maintenance of non-smoking was found to be related to the degree of competence with which individuals deal with high-risk situations.

TL;DR: Supportive social interactions were not related to treatment outcome, but the level of negative (nonsupportive) social interactions was inversely correlated with treatment success, and directions for future research are discussed.

TL;DR: No statistically significant differences between men and women were found in either the number or severity of tobacco withdrawal symptoms.

TL;DR: Almost all the subjects reported discomfort after stopping, but no particular symptom pattern emerged, and men were generally heavier smokers and reported as many symptoms as women, but withdrawal distress was not related to their clinic outcomes.

TL;DR: Fifth and sixth grade children randomly assigned to experimental and control groups saw videotaped television programs in which the drinking of alcoholic beverages by the principal characters appeared in the experimental condition but not the control condition.

TL;DR: Post-hoc univariate ANOVAs indicated the bulimics and severe bingers experienced significantly more maladaptive eating attitudes, greater stress, greater depression, and greater discrepancies between their current and ideal weight than mild bingers and normals.

TL;DR: Smoking two high-nicotine cigarettes in immediate succession significantly decreased the rate of penile diameter change relative to the other conditions and caused significantly more vasoconstriction and heart rate increase than did low-Nicotine cigarettes, which did not differ from control conditions.

TL;DR: NCG does appear to have a role in family practice for promoting short-term cessation and a dose-response relationship of gum use to outcome was identified and significantly more users were abstinent at 1- and 3-month follow-up.

TL;DR: The results suggest that active treatment effects may not be responsible for behavioural change in a smoking cessation program, and measures of smoking behaviour were all highly correlated.

TL;DR: It was found that dietary restraint was a stable characteristic in a sample of college women unselected for bulimia and path analyses indicated that the severity of previous binge eating and the coexistence of high levels of depression and dietary restraint were significant predictors of binge eating over time.

TL;DR: This study compared the responses of current and former smokers on Rosenbaum's Self Control Schedule (SCS) and showed that ex-smokers scored significantly higher on the SCS, suggesting that some cigarette smokers who want to quit may be better prepared to do so because of individual differences in self-control skills.

TL;DR: "Street" adolescents alienated from the mainstream educational system showed considerable alcohol consumption, drinking to get drunk, and problems, and the major correlates of substance abuse were "personal" drinking motives, expectancies of alcohol effects and peer behavior.

TL;DR: The scores of bulimic women on the Restraint, Social Desirability, and Lie scales were compared with the scores of obese dieters, obese nondieters, and nondieter whose weights were within normal limits.

TL;DR: Nine subjects participated in four daily sessions during which a psychomotor task was performed prior to and following drug administration, resulting in a markedly increased blood pressure during task performance for subjects smoking cigarettes and receiving caffeine.

TL;DR: The results of this study indicated that cigarette smoking did not affect subsequent ratings on any of the response measures for either cold pressor or electrical stimulation tasks.

TL;DR: Cortical evoked potentials (EP) were investigated in a group of female smokers in separate smoking and non-smoking sessions in relation to improved attention and information processing and tobacco significantly improved the decision time (DT) component of reaction time and increased N1 amplitudes to S1 stimuli.