Showing papers in "Advances in Inorganic Chemistry and Radiochemistry in 1980"

Graphite Intercalation Compounds

Abstract: Publisher Summary Twenty years ago, Walter Rudorff wrote a review for the series entitled “Graphite Intercalation Compounds” (R1). It was one of the four definitive articles to come out in 1959 and 1960 (HI, C1, U1), a period of intense activity in graphite research. One have now again reached the “fever pitch,” with not only the appearance of several new articles (E l , H2, W1), but also the convening of the first international conference dedicated exclusively to graphite compounds (H3 ). In the following, one shall concentrate on the work performed between 1974 and the present. The interlayer voids are frequently attacked to yield a periodic sequence of filled and empty spaces. The stage of a compound is defined as the ratio of host layers to guest layers, so that a first-stage compound, in which every interlayer void is filled, is the most concentrated. Historically, compounds of graphite have been placed in three categories, depending on the strength of interaction between the reacting species and graphite.

Recent Advances in Organotin Chemistry

Abstract: Publisher Summary The literature on organotin chemistry up to 1970 is summarized in the excellent monographs by Neumann and Poller and in the volumes edited by Sawyer. Since that date, periodic reviews of advances in the field, and accounts of some selected aspects have been published, but there has been no attempt to bring the general survey up to date. In this article, one has attempted to review the progress that has been made since 1970, and to give an account of the present status of the field, briefly sketching in the earlier background. About 1000 papers are published annually on organotin chemistry, and only 5% of these have been able to be included. One has deliberately avoided treating in depth those aspects of the subject that have been thoroughly reviewed recently, and in particular, one has avoided duplicating the excellent surveys of the use of organotin compounds in organic synthesis.

1, 1-Dithiolato Complexes of the Transition Elements

Abstract: Publisher Summary Recently, an article was published on 1,2-dithio ligands, and have stressed the versatility of these ligands and the academic and industrial importance of their metal complexes. Complexes of molybdenum and tungsten with bidentate sulfur ligands have been investigated extensively. In recent years, the work in this field has been escalated by the impetus of designing models of such bioinorganic enzymes as nitrogenase and xanthine oxidase. Oxidation of copper dithiocarbamate complexes of Cu(1) with chlorine or bromine yields paramagnetic compounds with the composition CuX 3 (R 2 dtc), in which the copper has a formal oxidation-state of (IV), but the structure of these compounds is obscure. The complexes of the 1,1-dithio ligands with the Group I transition metals have been studied in considerable detail and have been extensively reviewed by Coucouvanis.

Solid-State Chemistry of Thio-, Seleno-, and Tellurohalides of Representative and Transition Elements

Abstract: Publisher Summary The aim of this review is to discuss the modern, solid-state chemistry of the members of a well-defined class of compounds with respect to their preparative methods, structural features, and physical properties. The thio-, seleno-, and tellurohalides of the metallic elements seem to be well suited for this purpose. In contrast to such binary compounds as oxides and halides, they fit into the frame of the restricted space available, and with the exception of alkaline and alkaline-earth elements, examples are found in all groups of the periodic system. The large group of oxyhalides, as well as the chalcogenide fluorides, have been excluded. Oxyhalides have been extensively reviewed, and the properties of the fluorides are closely related to this group; in addition, the behavior differs in some respects from that of the chalcogenide halides treated here. A typical feature of the compounds under consideration is that of nonstoichiometry.

New Methods for the Synthesis of Trifluoromethyl Organometallic Compounds

Abstract: Publisher Summary The state of the synthetic art in this area, in 1979, is much more satisfactory. During the past decade, several new synthetic developments have occurred, such that we are closer to the point where the limitations upon synthesis of trifluoromethyl compounds are related more to stability problems in isolated cases, and are not nearly so much due to lack of widely applicable synthetic techniques. We find ourselves, for example, in a position in 1979, where the germanium compound, Ge(CF 3 ) 4 , which in the past decade, was considered by many workers to be of insufficient stability to permit isolation, has been prepared by four independent methods and is known to be stable to over 100°C. Indeed, the literature contains many rationalizations, based on suppositions of instability of compounds, for the failure of certain synthetic methods to afford highly substituted trifluoromethyl compounds that are now known to be stable, in many cases to temperature of over 100°C.

Transition Metal Vapor Cryochemistry

Abstract: Publisher Summary When we were invited to write a review on an “in vogue” research topic, especially one that had previously been surveyed, there was an initial tendency to try to justify the effort. The burgeoning field of metal-vapor cryochemistry presents little difficulty in this regard, as the past two years have again witnessed continued growth of interest, impressive accomplishments, and the development of a large body of new literature. It is therefore considered that a general, state-of-the-art overview of the topic examining selected, research highlights since 1976, rather than presenting comprehensive tabulations of papers, would be both timely and appropriate. In its more recent phase of development, the multidisciplinary nature of metal-vapor cryochemistry is becoming evident with, for example, chemical physicists attempting to explain subtle, spectroscopic phenomena associated with matrix-entrapped, metal atomic species.