Showing papers in "Agrivita : Journal of Agricultural Science in 2016"

COMPARISON BETWEEN HYDRO- AND OSMO-PRIMING TO DETERMINE PERIOD NEEDED FOR PRIMING INDICATOR AND ITS EFFECT ON GERMINATION PERCENTAGE OF AEROBIC RICE CULTIVARS (Oryza sativa L.)

Abstract: This study compared hydro- and osmo-priming to determine period needed for seed priming indicator to emerge and its effect against water stress on germination percentage of some aerobic rice cultivars ( Oryza sativa L.). Experiments were arranged in completely randomized design using three aerobic rice cultivars and PEG with four replications. Rice varieties (Inpago-8, IR64 and Situ Bagendit) were combined with four different PEG concentrations. Drought stress was simulated by different PEG solutions and with distilled water as control. Results indicated differentiations between hydro and on priming indicator time, while varietal difference was not significant. Fastest recorded time was obtained between 30-36 hours under hydro priming, PEG 100 g L -1 (63-69 hours) and 83-93 hours in PEG 200 g L -1 solution. Thus showing increased solution concentration led to prolonged priming indicator time. The highest germination percentage was obtained in Situ Bagendit treated with PEG 200 mg L -1 (90.25%) and the lowest obtained in Inpago-8 (75.75%) under control. It is better to use osmo-priming (PEG 200 g L -1 ) for teaching aerobic rice seed against drought stress. More research is needed to confirm benefits of seed treatment with PEG to cultivated crops under water stress, drought and salinity conditions.

FRUIT CHARACTERISTIC AND NUTRIENT VALUES OF FOUR INDONESIAN BANANA CULTIVARS (Musa spp.) AT DIFFERENT GENOMIC GROUPS

Abstract: Aims of this research were to describe the morphology and analyze nutrient values of mature fruits at three different genomic groups of Indonesian banana cultivars including Pisang Berlin (AA), Ambon Hijau (AAA), Raja Bandung (ABB) and Kepok (ABB). Fruit characterization results show that each banana cultivar had specific characteristics related to their genomic group. Pisang Berlin has bright yellow peel and pulp, sugary taste. Pisang Ambon Hijau has fine curved fruit shape, sweet taste and aromatic. Pisang Raja Bandung has medium thickness and yellow peel, firm flesh, sweet and slightly acidic taste. Pisang Kepok has thick coarse and yellow peel with dark brown blotches, mild sweet taste. Fruit characters of Pisang Berlin and Ambon Hijau are close related to their ancestral parents’ Musa acuminata wild species, whereas Pisang Kepok and Pisang Raja Bandung as hybrid cultivars have intermediate characters between Musa acuminata and Musa balbisiana wild species. Nutrient analysis revealed that mature banana pulp contain of high carbo-hydrates (16.72-35.24 g 100g -1 ), total sugar (12.12-20.82 g 100g -1 ), vitamin C (16.45-30.27 g 100g -1 ) and potassium (275-375 g 100g -1 ); moderate protein (1.48-1.78 g 100g -1 ) and low fat (0.03-0.08 g 100g -1 ). About 100 g edible portion of banana fruit produce 73.43 to 148.80 calories.

Adverse agricultural consequences of weather modification

Abstract: For at least fifteen years, with ever increasing frequency and extent, weather modification and/or climate alteration investigations have been conducted without public disclosure to perfect a covert methodology for inhibiting rainfall to deliberately damage a sovereign nation’s agri-cultural economy. This research discloses methodology for inhibiting rainfall, the evidence of coal combustion fly ash utilization, the adverse consequences on agriculture, and the adverse health implications on biota, including humans. The harm to agriculture comes primarily from aluminum addition to soil, changing soil pH and changing historic weather patterns. Aluminum in a chemically mobile form, not only harms plants, but is toxic to most biota, including humans. The micron and submicron particulates are used for weather modification contain heavy metals and radioactive elements which pose potentially grave human health threats including, but not limited to, cardiovascular disease, diabetes, respiratory diseases and reduced male fertility. Understanding that methodology and its adverse consequences by the agricultural community is crucial to identify and stop covert operations aimed at damaging the agricultural economy of a sovereign nation.

EFFECTIVE CACAO SOMATIC EMBRYO REGENERATION ON KINETIN SUPPLEMENTED DKW MEDIUM AND SOMACLONAL VARIATION ASSESSMENT USING SSRs MARKERS

Abstract: This study aimed to develop the cacao ( Theobroma cacao L.) in vitro regeneration system through somatic embryogenesis on kinetin supplemented DKW medium and somaclonal variation assessment using SSR markers. Callus were initiated from basal petal and staminoid explants cultured on callus induction (CI) medium contained DKW basalt salts and kinetin:2,4-D ratios of 1:15.5, 1:7.8 or 1:3.9 and then transferred onto secondary callus growth (SCG) medium contained WPM basalt salts and kinetin:2,4-D ratios of 1:7.8 or 1:3.9. The calli were then subsequently transferred onto embryo development medium contained DKW basal salts with or without the addition of amino acids, adenine or activated charcoal for the formation of somatic embryos. Nine cacao genotypes were tested for their ability to develop somatic embryos. Results of this study indicated DKW medium supplemented with Kinetin in combination with 2,4-D effectively induced cacao somatic embryogenesis. The highest somatic embryos formation was abtained from kinetin:2,4-D ratio of 1:3.9 and 1:7.8 in CI and SCG medium respectively. Cacao genotype responses were highly explant type dependent. The developed method resulted in a high percentage of somatic embryo formation (5.6-66.7%), germination (50%) and plantlet conversion (65%) and a medium percentage of somaclonal variations based on SSRs marker analysis.

ISOLATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF A MOLYBDENUM-REDUCING AND GLYPHOSATE-DEGRADING Klebsiella oxytoca STRAIN SAW-5 IN SOILS FROM SARAWAK

Abstract: Bioremediation of pollutants including heavy metals and xenobiotics is an economic and environmentally friendly process. A novel molyb-denum-reducing bacterium with the ability to utilize the pesticide glyphosate as a carbon source is reported. The characterization works were carried out utilizing bacterial resting cells in a microplate format. The bacterium reduces molybdate to Mo-blue optimally between pH 6.3 and 6.8 and at 34 o C. Glucose was the best elec-tron donor for supporting molybdate reduction followed by lactose, maltose, melibiose, raffinose, d-mannitol, d-xylose, l-rhamnose, l-arabinose, dulcitol, myo-inositol and glycerol in descending order. Other requirements include a phosphate concentration at 5.0 mM and a molybdate concentration between 20 and 30 mM. The molybdenum blue exhibited an absorption spec-trum resembling a reduced phospho-molybdate. Molybdenum reduction was inhibited by mercury, silver, cadmium and copper at 2 ppm by 45.5, 26.0, 18.5 and 16.3%, respectively. Biochemical analysis identified the bacterium as Klebsiella oxytoca strain Saw-5. To conclude, the capacity of this bacterium to reduce molybdenum into a less toxic form and to grow on glyphosate is novel and makes the bacterium an important instrument for bioremediation of these pollutants.

Effect of lime application on soil properties and soybean yield on tidal land

Abstract: The problems of soybean cultivation on tidal land are low in soil fertility, aluminum (Al) toxicity and poor availability of macro nutrients. Soil acidity and Al toxicity are often fixed by liming. The research aimed to determine the calculation method of lime requirement and its application method for soybean on tidal land. The research was conducted on tidal land in South Kalimantan, Indonesia. Treatment consisted of two factors and arranged in randomize complete block design, replicated three times. The first factor was the method of lime rate calculation: (1) no liming,(2) liming based on10% of Al saturation, (3) liming based on 20% of Al saturation, (4) liming based on 30% of Al saturation, (5) liming based on 0.5 x exchangeable Al, and (6) liming based on 1 x exchangeable Al. The second factor was the method of application: (1) surface,and (2) mixed within 20 cm soil depth. The results showed that liming by mixing dolomite with soil within 20 cm depth resulted in 8% higher plant height compared to that applied on the soil surface. The highest yield was obtained when liming at rate equivalent to 10% of Al saturation was mixed with soil within 20 cm depth.

The potential of treated palm oil mill effluent (pome) sludge as an organic fertilizer

Abstract: Palm oil mill contributed a significant benefit to agro-based industry and social-economic for Malaysia. Palm oil mill effluent (POME) is considered as a polluted wastewater and the treated POME sludge was produced from the open treatment ponds. The objective of this study was to determine the physicochemical characteristics of treated POME sludge and its potential as an organic fertilizer. It was collected from the dumping ponds in Felda Jengka 8, palm oil mill. Physicochemical characteristics, sampling and preparation of samples were analyzed according to the standard method of soil and the wastewater. The samples were collected after one and six month of age with different depths (one, two and three meters). The statistical analysis revealed that the depth was not significant on the physicochemical characteristics. The characteristics of the treated POME sludge was measures using CHNS-O, C/N ratio, solid analysis, heavy metal, macro and micronutrient, moisture content, and pH. However, the elements of oxygen, iron and pH were shown an interaction effects with time. In conclusion, the treated POME sludge has shown significant effect and the potential used as an organic fertilizer. Indeed, further studies on crops response are being conducted to prove the findings.

Induced mutation by gamma rays irradiation to increase chilli resistance to begomovirus

Abstract: Begomovirus infection has a significant impact of lowering chilli yield in Indonesia. A constraint of narrow genetic variability of chilli in Indonesia has made the mutation breeding program as a solution worth-pursuing in increasing the genetic variability. The objective of this study was to determine the LD50 point for each of the five irradiated chilli genotypes and the optimum dose of gamma irradiation in inducing chilli resistance to Begomovirus and other improved agronomical traits. The study was conducted in the Indonesian Vegetable Research Institute (IVEGRI) at Cikole-Lembang, elevation 1,200 m above sea level, from March to December 2013. Split plot design was used with genotype as main factor (Kencana, Lembang-1, SSP, Tanjung 2, Seloka) and irra-diation dosage as sub-factor (0, 200, 400, 600, 800 Gy). All treatments were replicated three times. The results showed that LD50 points of the five irradiated chilli genotypes were in the range of 422.64-629.68 Gy. There were some chilli genotypes in the population of M2 that had high coefficient variance genetic (CVG) and broad sense heritability (h2bs) value for disease incu-bation time. This could be used as resistance parameter to Begomovirus and improvement parameter of several agronomical traits.

Spatial multi-criteria decision making for delineating agricultural land in jakarta metropolitan area’s hinterland: case study of bogor regency, west java

Abstract: The hinterland of Jakarta has experienced high pressure in its land utilization due to Jakarta’s rapid development. The objective of this research was to analyse the suitable land available for agriculture. The research was conducted in Bogor, a hinterland regency of Jakarta. The methodology used includes two steps of analysis, which are land suitability and land availability analysis. Land suitability for agriculture was analysed using multi-criteria decision making method. Seven (7) criteria were included, which consist of soil class, land capability class, slope, elevation, slope aspect, land use/land cover and distance to roads. The criteria were weighted using the Analytical Hierarchy Process. Combining criteria weights and sub-criteria scores, an overlay model in Geographic Information System was applied. The result from land suitability analysis was used as a feed for determining land availability, considering the forest area status and land allocation in the official spatial land use plan. The results indicate that an area amounting to 87.5% of Bogor Regency is suitable for agriculture. Land which is suitable and available for agriculture is 16.7% of the regency’s area. Considering available land which is currently in use, the area that can be allocated for the expansion of agriculture is 3.3%.

COMPOSITION AND DISTRIBUTION OF Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae PATHOTYPES, THE PATHOGEN OF RICE BACTERIAL LEAF BLIGHT IN INDONESIA

Abstract: This research aimed to determine the composition and pathotype distribution of Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae ( Xoo ) in several rice producing centers in Indonesia during the growing season of 2010-2013. The studies were conducted into three phases of activities, namely: sampling and collection of infected leaves from the representative rice growing areas; isolation and purification of the Xoo isolates; and evaluation of composition and pathotype of Xoo on five rice differential varieties. Results indicated that a total of 2,658 isolates Xoo have been isolated from 10 provinces representing rice ecosystem in Indonesia during the growing season from 2010-2013. Evaluating these Xoo isolates against five differential varieties revealed that these Xoo isolates consisted of three pathotypes III, IV, and VIII with a total of 30, 36, and 34%, respectively. The data also indicated that two pathotypes III and IV were dominant in three provinces, while the pathotype VIII was dominant in four provinces. As mentioned previously, such information are useful in designing strategy of integrating components of technologies combined in the management of Bacterial leaf blight (BLB) occurrences in a particular endemic areas.

Rice Ratoon Yield Response to Main Crops Cutting Height in Tidal Swamp Using Direct Seeding System

Abstract: This study was aimed to evaluate the effect of main crops harvest cutting height on the yield of rice ratoon in the tidal swamp by using direct seeding system. The experiment was conducted in Telang Sari village, District of Tanjung Lago, Banyuasin, South Sumatra Province from November 2013 to April 2014. It measured plots 4 x 5 m through a randomized block design with 5 replications. The treatment was main crops harvest cutting height of 10, 20, 30, 40 and 50 cm above the soil surface. The results showed that the effect of cutting height on rice ratoon yield depends on the condition of photosynthetic and the amount of remaining nodes on the main crops stubble as an emergence ratoon shoots. The main crops cutting height of 20-40 cm above the soil surface increased the number of productive tillers, grain weight per hill, yield per plot, ratoon ability to grow per plot, and the rice ratoon/main crops yield ratio in tidal land by using direct seeding system. /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:"Table Normal"; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-priority:99; mso-style-qformat:yes; mso-style-parent:""; mso-padding-alt:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; mso-para-margin:0in; mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:11.0pt; font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;}

THE APPLICATION OF Trichoderma viride STRAIN FRP 3 FOR BIODEGRADATION OF GLYPHOSATE HERBICIDE IN CONTAMINATED LAND

Abstract: In this current study, we observed Trichoderma viride strain FRP3 capability for biodegradation of glyphosate on contaminated land in Indonesia. There were two blank plots that have been involved as representatives of indigenous fungal, that prepared as control (non-contaminated soil) and P1 (GP-contaminated soil) while the treatments were represented by two plots. Plot 2 (P2) was introduced with conidia suspension of Trichoderma viride strain FRP3 one time application, and plot 3 (P3) was introduced with conidia suspension of Trichoderma viride FRP3 two time applications. At the end of observation, the CFU of two times application was the highest with CFU of 15.97 x 10 6 gr -1 soil. The CFU of P3 was corresponding to 45% higher than P2 (8.83 x 10 6 gr -1 soil). The CFU of GP-contaminated soil without conidia suspension application had 0.66 x 10 6 gr -1 soils, only 0.7% and 0.4% corresponding to P2 and P3, respectively. Direct indicator of glyphosate degradation was determined using GC analysis. Within 7 days after Trichoderma viride FRP3 was introduced, glyphosate content of treated soil decreased. This fungal strain provided 48% (P2) and 70% (P3) of glyphosate degradation higher than indigenous soil microbial community (P1) within 28 days of application.

MICROBIAL COMMUNITY ASSOCIATED WITH AMBROSIA BEETLE, Euplatypus parallelus ON SONOKEMBANG, Pterocarpus indicus IN MALANG

Abstract: Recently, most of sonokembang, Pterocarpus indicus trees are dying in Malang. In 2012, the death rate of trees reached ca. 11%. In addition, death of trees spread to other regencies in East Java. Euplatypus parallelus is a specific species of ambrosia beetles that were the causal agents to the dying and wilting of sonokembang trees in Malang. Wilting is caused mainly by the pathogenic fungi carried by ambrosia beetles. To confirm the microbial communities related to E. parallelus that attack sonokembang, E. parallelus and some attacked trees were collected in Malang city. Isolation and identification of these species were conducted at the Laboratory of Mycology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Brawijaya and Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Islamic State University, Malang. Results showed that there were nine microbes including five genera of fungi, two genera of yeasts and one genus of bacterium were identified. The microbial communities that were found namely Aspergillus spp., Penicillium spp., Trichoderma spp., Fusarium spp., Acremonium spp., Gliocladium spp. (fungi), Streptomyces spp. (bacteria), Saccharomyces spp., and Candida spp. (yeast).

GENOMIC DNA EXTRACTION METHOD FROM MATURE LEAF OF LAI (Durio kutejensis Becc.)

Abstract: Lai ( Durio kutejensis Becc.) is an indigeneous germplasm of Kalimantan which has some superiorities compared to its close-relative, durian ( Durio zibethinus Murr.). Genetic exploration of lai is important to support its breeding program. According to rapid development in molecular biology, genetic exploration effort of lai will be easier. One of significant step in any molecular biology activities is DNA isolation to produce high quality DNA for further analysis. Leaves of lai, as other perennial crop, contain of high concen-tration of polysaccharides and polyphenol which will be co-extracted with the DNA. These compounds can interfere enzymes activities in subsequent molecular analysis. The aim of this study was to establish an optimal and effective DNA extraction method to obtain high-quality DNA from mature leaf of lai. An established extraction buffer and its modification were used in this study. The result showed that modification 4 could produce high quality DNA, and was considered to be the most effective DNA extraction method for mature leaf of lai.

Dry land agroforestry practices in menoreh hills, kulon progo

Abstract: Private forest in Java Island is mainly managed by Agroforestry (AF) system. There are three levels in AF systems: early AF, middle AF, and advance AF. The land productivity in AF system by villagers is mostly low because of inappropriate AF practice. The objective of this research is to analyze the land management practice in Menoreh hills, Kulon Progo, Yogyakarta. The study was conducted in Giripurwo Village, Kulon Progo. Stratifed sampling with purposive sampling was used in this study. Total of twelve plots were determined in every AF levels. Studies conducted in every plot includes the species composition and soil fertillity. The results showed that: (1) Tree composition in early and middle AF is dominated by woody tree (Sengon), while in advance AF is dominated by non-timber forest product (clove), (2) Low soil fertility in the study area is caused by high intensity of biomass harvesting and low fertilization dosage applied, (3) The increment of land productivity could be achieved by increasing the biomass input to the soil from organic fertilizer and crop waste.

THE BEHAVIORAL ROLE OF MALES OF Platypus quercivorus Murayama IN THEIR SUBSOCIAL COLONIES

Abstract: The behavioral role of male ambrosia beetles, Platypus quercivorus , in subsocial colonies both field and laboratory has been investigated. The entrance tunnels, where the male beetles are staying, are short, with a mean 4 cm long and mostly incline upwards from outside to inside at an angle of around 20o. To examine the role of males, another male or female (as the invader) was placed into a tunnel. When inhabitant males stayed in the tunnel they quickly expelled the invaders, regardless of their sex of the invaders. However, when an inhabitant male was removed an introduced male or female could freely enter the tunnel and was accepted by the inhabitant female. Upon replacing an inhabitant male with an invader male or female and then putting another invader male or female into the tunnel, no rejection occurred, suggesting that invader males and females play no role in guarding the tunnel. Based on the results an inhabitant male seems to have three responsibilities; protection of the gallery from invaders, protection of progeny (larva) from falling down and also keeping the gallery clean from frass. The 20o angle of the entrance tunnel tends to aid both in gallery protection and in frass clearing.

Yield stability of new hybrid rice across locations

Abstract: The adaptation of hybrid rice varieties mostly are in specific location and season, but there are some of the varieties have a wide adaptation then adopted by the farmer in the large area. Replicated yield trials were conducted to study the stability of hybrid rice yield and identify the best location to optimize their yield per ha. We have conducted the trials in three location such as Sukamandi, Salatiga and Malang during two seasons in 2011. We are analyzing data across location and season using AMMI and Eberhart Russel methods. The AMMI analysis showed that the IR79156A/PK88 was adaptable to favorable environments but unstable. This hybrid is always performing well and produce the higher yield compare to check variety. Some of other hybrids were good only in specific location, i.e. IR62829A/BP2280-1E-12-22 and IR58029A/BP2 280-1E-12-22. Those hybrids produced higher yield in Salatiga and Malang, respectively. Seem to AMMI analysis, the result of Eberhart and Russells method also showed that IR79156A/PK81 was the best hybrid with regression slope (b) around 1 with the yield average higher than average of all hybrids. It indicated that this hybrid has a wide adaptation and probably can be cultivated in the wider ecosystem.

EVALUATION OF LAND AND WATER MANAGEMENT OPTIONS TO ENHANCE PRODUCTIVITY OF RUBBER PLANTATION USING WaNuLCAS MODEL

Abstract: This research aimed to determine the best land and water management by arrangement of plant spacing, irrigation, and drainage of rubber plantation in order to improve rubber plantation productivity. This research was done using The WaNuLCAS (Water, Nutrient and Light Capture in Agroforestry System) model to determine the best land and water management under several scenario combinations of two factors. The first factor was rubber plant spacing arrangement system, which consisted of three levels, i.e. single row (3 x 7 m), single row (3 x 6 m) and double row (2 x 6 x 14 m). The second factor was water management treatment, which consisted of four levels, i.e. without irrigation and drainage, irrigation in dry season, drainage in wet season, and irrigation and drainage in dry and wet season respectively. The results showed that drainage treatment could enhance rubber plantation productivity. Moreover, rubber plantations which were using single row (3 x 7 m), single row (3 x 6 m) and double row (2 x 6 x 14 m) had no significant difference on latex production per hectare.

Implication of gene action and heritability under stress and control conditions for selection iron toxicity tolerant in rice

Abstract: Iron toxicity is major constraint of rice production in irrigated-lowland of tropical regions. Improvement the tolerance of the rice cultivar to iron toxicity needs the information some genetics parameters of the selected characters. Here we study the estimation of gene action and heritability of the grain yield and its component under iron-toxic stress and control field conditions in rice. The iron-toxic tolerant rice cultivars, Pokkali and Mahsuri were crossed with the sensitive cultivar, Inpara5 to develop six generation populations. The breeding materials were grown in the iron toxicity site and control in Taman Bogo, Lampung Indonesia. The sensitive parent and BC 1 P 1 had lower stress tolerance index (STI) compared to the tolerant parent F 1 , F 2 and BC 1 P 2 . Most of the characters including the grain yield were fitted the best model in five parameters which were more prominent with interactive epistasis of duplicate and complementary gene action. The heritability’s under control were more higher compared to iron toxicity stress condition. Delaying selection to later generations and combining with the shuttle breeding between stressed and controlled environments were the best strategy for improving the grain yield and tolerance to iron toxicity in rice.

Soil quality index in the upstream of bengawan solo river basin according to the soil function in nutrient cycling based on soybean production in agroforestry

Abstract: Over the function of the upstream region watersheds causes the soil susceptible to degradation of soil fertility. Agroforestry systems that have been implemented should be reviewed to determine their effectiveness in improving soil fertility using a soil quality index. The varieties of soybean that cultivated in the study site were Grobogan, Kaba, and Argomulyo. The variables of this study consists of organic-C, pH, cation exchange capacity (CEC), total-N, available-P, available-K, Na, Ca, Mg, base saturation, and electrical conductivity (EC). Soil quality index calculation performed on selected outcome variables principal component analysis (PCA) which is then multiplied by the weights index on each PC. Selected variables from PCA consist of available-P, available-K, base saturation, and pH. Soil quality index values for all types of Agroforestry in the upstream of Bengawan Solo river basin ( Wonogiri ) is under secondary forest (<4.1) so that it can be concluded that the adoption of Agroforestry in the upstream of Bengawan Solo river basin has not effect on soil quality based on soil functions in the recycling of nutrients. Mean of soybean grain yield in agroforestry system are higher than the mean of national soybean production, but there are an obstacle such as light conditions.

INSECTICIDAL EVALUATION OF Bridelia micrantha AND Dalbergia lactea AQUEOUS EXTRACTS FOR THE CONTROL OF Podagrica uniforma (Jacoby) AND Nisotra dilecta (Jacoby) (COLEOPTERA: CHYSOMELIDAE) INFESTATION ON OKRA

Abstract: Insect pest infestation is a major factor militating against okra production and farmers generally adopt synthetic insecticides for its management. A field trial was undertaken to evaluate the insecticidal potency of Bridelia micrantha and Dalbergia lactea for the management of Podagrica uniforma (Jacoby) and Nisotra dilecta (Jacoby) insect pest of okra ( Abelmoschus esculentus L. Moench). The treatments consisted of aqueous leaf extracts of Bridelia micrantha and Dalbergia lactea and Cypermethrin as check; laid out in Randomized Complete Block Design and repli-cated three times. Data was collected on insect population before treatment application and 3 days after spraying of insecticides at 28, 35, 42, 56 days after planting (DAP). Yield parameters data collected were number of fruits and fruit weight. Results obtained showed that the plant extracts exhibited effectiveness in reducing the insect population and improved okra fruit yield compared to Cypermethrin. The order of effectiveness in decreasing sequence was found to be Cypermethrin ˃ D. lacteal ˃ B. micrantha . D. lacteal and B. micrantha crude extracts could be explored as promising insecticidal agents to provide valuable alternatives to chemical control of insect infestation on okra. Further study is recommended to determine the chemical constituents responsible for the plant insecticidal activity.

Effects of organic and chemical fertilizer inputs on biomass production and carbon dynamics in a maize farming on ultisols

Abstract: An effort to increase the yield and reduce carbon loss from maize farming practices on Ultisols largely depend on fertilizer inputs and in situ crop residual management. The experiment aimed to estimate yields, biomass production and carbon dynamics of several management fertilization on maize farming practice on Ultisols has been conducted from March to July 2013 in Taman-bogo Experimental Farm, East Lampung. The experiment was set up as a randomized complete blockdesign, consisted of 6 treatments namely: 5 t ha -1 of cattle manure, 5 t ha - 1 of dried sludge manure, and its combination with 200 kg urea ha -1 + 125 kg SP36 ha -1 + 50 kg KCl ha -1 (50% of recommended dose of inorganic fertilizers “RDIF”) and 75% of RDIF. The experimental results revealed that application of combined organic with inorganic fertilizers increased the biomass production, carbon fixation, and grain yield significantly. More than 50% of produced biomass and fixed carbon (grain, maize cob, maize husk, stems and leaves) were removed from maize farming. The use of organic fertilizer combined with NPK fertilizer at 50% of RDIF can be applied to increase the biomass production, organic carbon fixation and maize grain yield in sustainable ways.

PROLINE AND SPECIFIC ROOT LENGHT AS RESPONSE TO DROUGHT OF WHEAT LINES (Triticum aestivum L.)

Abstract: The national wheat imported reaches approx.-imately 7 million ton per year, recently. The wheat plantation in Indonesia is strongly affected by the high temperature which triggers the stunned roots. Thus the plan wheat growth and production reduced. The experiment to investigate of selected-local wheat lines which were already established in Indonesia and resistant to drought effect. The level of drought influence on several growth parameters of vegetative plant and thus affected to seeds production as well as on total yield. The results show that the introduced-variety of wheat line, SO3 shows the significant tolerant to drought and able to maintain the SRL (specific root length) and increase the proline contents to with stand the drought condition compare to other lines (M7 and M8). The proline as amino acid climbed extremely effected by drought, in contrast the root growth in particular their length reduced. Those plant conditions influence the plant vegetative growth and generative phases, especially for seed production. Additionally, the M8 and SO3 selected-line presents the stability on yield production compare to other varieties, since it able maintain the content of proline and ratio of root length. Therefore, those selected lines are appropriate to grow in Indonesia which produces at approximately 3.5 t ha -1 .

Yield performance and adaptation of promising amphibious red rice lines on six growing environments in lombok, indonesia

Abstract: The objectives of this study were to examine yield performance of promising amphibious red rice lines, and to evaluate their adaptability to six growing environments in Lombok, Indonesia. Ten promising amphibious red rice lines were tested together with their three parents and one national cultivar (Aek Sibundong), during the rainy extended to dry season 2014 (January-June 2014). The ten promising lines were obtained from two population sources, while the three parents were AKBC52, AKBC86, and a local cultivar, i.e. Kala Isi Tolo (KIT). The testing environments were lowland in Mambalan village (West Lombok), medium highland in Mantang village (Central Lombok), and highland in East Sembalun village (East Lombok), and each location consisted of two systems, i.e. flooded and dry (upland) systems. The experiment in each environment was designed according to Randomized Complete Block Design, with three replications and 14 genotypes as the treatments. Adaptation analysis was based on ANOVA using AMMI and Biplot. The results indicated that among the 14 genotypes, G10(F2BC4A52-42) showed the highest yield, with an average of 7.8 t ha -1 dry seeds. There was a significant Genotype x Environment interaction on the dry seed yield. Biplot analysis indicated that G2(F2BC4A52-44) and G8(F2BC4A52-37)

Effect of plant population on character expression of five mungbean genotypes under different soil fertility

Abstract: BU Mamah 12.00 Plant density and soil fertility are two components of micro environment affecting genetic expression. The research was conducted at Muneng Experiment Farm in Probolinggo from March to May 2013. Two factors consisted of five mung-bean genotypes (MMC679-2C-GT-2, MMC647d-GT-2, MMC554d-GT-2, MMC601f-GT-1 and Vima-1) and three levels of plant population (200,000, 333,333 and 500,000 plants ha -1 ) were evaluated at two soil fertility managements (with and without fertilization). The treatments were arranged in split plot design and replicated three times. All growth parameters observed were higher in more fertile soil. The increasing plant population triggered plants to grow taller, but reduced chlorophyll content index (CCI), number of trifoliate leaf per plant (LN), leaf area per plant (LA), total dry matter per plant (TDM), number of pods and seed weight, and nutrient uptake of individual plant. Grain yield production per unit area was not significantly different because of plant population compensation. All genotypes tested were suitable to be planted on population of 200,000 and 333,333 plants ha -1 . With proper fertilization and population management, the genetic potential can be expressed by 3.5 t ha -1 for MMC554d-GT-2, 2.4 t ha -1 for MMC601f-GT-1 and Vima-1, 2.2 t ha -1 for MMC679-2C-GT-2, and 2.3 t ha -1 MMC647d-GT-2. Normal 0 false false false EN-US X-NONE AR-SA /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:"Table Normal"; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-priority:99; mso-style-qformat:yes; mso-style-parent:""; mso-padding-alt:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; mso-para-margin-top:0cm; mso-para-margin-right:0cm; mso-para-margin-bottom:10.0pt; mso-para-margin-left:0cm; text-align:justify; line-height:115%; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:11.0pt; font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family:Arial; mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;}

Marssonina leaf blotch on the apple orchard in batu, indonesia

Abstract: In Indonesia, apple orchards are decreasing because of leaf blotch disease. Marssonina leaf blotch has not been widely known and the problems are associated with the incidence of the epidemic so they need to be studied. Research aimed to investigate the biological aspect of Marssonina leaf blotch, the resistance of apple varieties and the alternative host of Marssonina coronaria, and the interactions between Marssonina leaf blotch and weather factors. The research was conducted in laboratory, greenhouse and on apple orchard respectively. There are three results in this research. First, fruit bodies (apothecia) are not produced by fungus, but only conidia (imperfect form) are. Second, based on bioassay, pathogen survives only on the apple. Finally, there are three formula can be used to predict the leaf blotch disease, such as:1) Y=-37.91+19.98X 6 (population of spores in the air),2) Y = -438.13 + 25.71X 1 (temperature) -3.05X 2 (humidity) + 41.07X 3 (wind speed) -2.07X 4 (sunlight) + 19.25X 5 (rainfall), and 3) Y = -43.86-1.61 22.60 X 5 (rainfall) + X 6 (population of spores).

Fertilization strategy to increase rice growth and production under two flooding condition on two lowland swamp types

Abstract: Flood is general phenomenon found in most areas of Indonesia. This can obstruct rice crop cultivation on lowland swamp areas. Fertilization strategy is one of the efforts to increase rice crop growth and production on flooded condition. The objective of this research was to determine the best fertilization strategy on vegetative stage related to rice crop growth and production under flooded condition at two types of lowland swamp. The experimental design used in this research was split-plot design with three replications. The main plot was fertilization treatment consisting of P 1 = base fertilization, P 2 = fertilization before flooded, P 3 = fertilization after flooded and P 4 = fertilization before and after flooded. The subplot was rice variety which consisted of V 1 = Inpara 3, V 2 = Inpara 5, V 3 = IR 64 and V 4 = Ciherang. The results showed that fertilization strategy was capable of increasing rice crop growth and production under flooded condition at two types of lowland swamp. Rice variety Inpara 5 added with fertilizer before flooded on shallow-backswamp and fertilizer addition before and after flooded on middle-backswamp was the best treatment that had produced rice yield with magnitude of 4.48 and 3.43 ton per hectare, respectively.

USE OF GRASS AND SPENT MUSHROOM COMPOST AS A GROWING MEDIUM OF LOCAL TOMATO (Lycopersicon esculentum Miller) SEEDLING IN THE NURSERY

Abstract: The objective of this study was to investigate the response of local tomato ( Lycopersicon esculentum Miller) seedlings growth on media containing grass and spent mushroom compost in the nursery. The grass compost (GC) was produced by Research Center for Biotechnology-LIPI. Whereas the spent oyster mushroom ( Pleurotus ostreatus ) compost (OC) and spent paddy straw mushroom ( Volvariella volvacea ) compost (PC) were produced by Research Center for Biology-LIPI. Growing media of tomato seedling was a mixture of top soil (TS), rice husk charcoal (HC), grass compost (GC), spent oyster mushroom compost (OC) and spent paddy straw mushroom compost (PC) in the ratio of 1:1 as follows: TS+HC, TS+HC+GC, TS+HC+OC and TS+HC+PC. The experiments were arranged in Completely Randomized Design with three replications. Growth parameters observed i.e. seedling growth, dry weight production and leaf indices. Results showed that growing medium containing spent paddy straw mushroom compost was the best to improve seedlings growth in general. However, the lowest specific leaf area (SLA) and leaf area ratio (LAR) indices were obtained by the seedlings on the medium without compost. Correlation analysis showed that highest correlations were recorded for the TS+HC+OC medium. The tomato seedling growth was improved on the media containing compost in general.

Roles of calcium and magnesium as selection factors in sweet corn quality improvement on acidic red-yellow podsolic soil

Abstract: The cultivation of sweet corn ( Zea mays L. spp . saccharata {Sturt.} Bailey) on acidic red-yellow podsolic (RYP) soil in Lampung, Indonesia was hampered by the low fertility and pH of the soil. Soil amendment with Ca and Mg would improve growth and development of the sweet corn cultivars, as well as differentiating environments in selecting for adaptive cultivars. Aglime, dolomite, Portland cement, and a mixture of 3 aglime: 2 dolomite (w/w) were applied on LASS Yellow-Round (Y-R), LASS Yellow-wrinkle (Y-w), Bicolor and LAS Yellow-wrinkle (Y-w). The results indicated that the kinds of Ca and the doses apllication were capable to differentiate the sweet corn cultivars. Aglime 400 kg ha -1 was the best treatment to modify plant environment as selection factor followed by cement 400, dolomite 200 and aglime-dolomite mixture 400 kg ha -1 . They improved the growth of the cultivars as well. The characters of interest of the cultivar had complied with those of commercial standard, except for plant height, ear diameter, and kernel-rows ear -1 . However, since the genetic variation and broad-sense heritability values for those characters were essentially zero, the subsequent improvement would require genes from the outside populations.

EFFECT OF DOSE FERTILIZER AND CULTIVARS TO THE ACTIVE COMPOUND GLYCERYL TRIOLEATE OF Coix lacryma-jobi L.

Abstract: In order to provide a method for quality control of glyceryl trioleate in Coix lacryma-jobi L., this paper focused on differentiating the glyceryl trioleate compound in 14 cultivars and effect of nitrogen on glyceryl trioleate in Coix seed by clustering of High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). This research was carried out to find a variety that has active glyceryl trioleate with the highest content and to investigate the effect of nitrogen to the active ingredients of glyceryl trioleate in C oix lacryma-jobi L. and its effect in Coix lacryma-jobi L. treatment. The standard regressive curve equation of glyceryl trioleate obtained by using HPLC was: Y = (7.10 6 ) X- 495293, R² = 0.9997. The average reproducible experiment result of glyceryl trioleate is 0.097, RSD (relative standard deviation) is 1.95%; recovery rate is 97.69% and RSD is 0.89%. The experiment measured the glyceryl trioleate content of 14 varieties of Coix lacryma-jobi L using Qianyin #1 (C14). The result showed that fertilizer combination N10F2 (4:1:2:3) produced the highest glyceryl trioleate content in Coix lacryma-jobi L. Thus, nitrogen that applied in the fertilizer for 150kg ha -1 and the ratio of pre plant application including seedbed application, tillering application and earing application were optimized at 4:1:2:3 ratio.