Showing papers in "Animal Behaviour in 1973"

TL;DR: Findings clearly failed to support the use of emotionality as a consistent constitutional trait, with unitary drive properties, in ‘novel environment’ tests (e.g. emergence tests, active avoidance learning).

TL;DR: In this article, the occurrence and effects of scent marking are considered in particular, and a number of areas for further research are made apparent, including the role of marking in aggression.

TL;DR: Canids and felids are compared regarding evolutionary history, distribution, habitat preferences, morphology and behaviour, factors permitting and promoting sociality in both families are discussed, and communication mechanisms within each sensory modality compared.

TL;DR: The dominance hierarchy was studied by direct observation within a total of forty-four groups of pigs aged between 8 and 30 weeks, and it is suggested that rank is a resultant of the interaction of a number of factors.

TL;DR: Object-deprived/isolates were slower than the objects/social group in the transfer phase of the above tasks, though not in original acquisition, and were not inferior to an objects/ social group.

TL;DR: A small group of Labroides dimidiatus were studied over a period of 4 months in the shallow reef environment of Aldabra and it was found necessary to redefine the concept of a cleaning station.

TL;DR: In a series of seven experiments, it was found that the technique of bilateral olfactory bulbectomy yielded stimulus animals which very closely approximated the ideal standard stimulus mouse.

TL;DR: Comparisons with infants raised on mother surrogates and real mothers suggest that behaviours normally associated with affectional ties can become so extreme as to inhibit normal social development.

TL;DR: These experiments demonstrate that the state of the flank gland, which is related to endogenous androgen levels, can be used as a predictor of social rank in male hamsters.

TL;DR: Experiments on the effects of oestrus and oestrogens on food intake in the rat showed that food intake is higher after ovariectomy than during the dioestrous phases of the natural cycle, and that there may be a tonic inhibition of food intake throughout the oestrous cycle.

TL;DR: Underfed mothers were less efficient than controls in retrieving their young on days 8 and 10, and were less likely to lick their young during the test period, and spent much more time rearing on their hind legs.

TL;DR: The spontaneous irregular EOD pattern of the fish displaying the increased EOD rate changed into a regular one with almost equal time intervals between fish pulses at threshold distances.

TL;DR: There was a general linear decline in the number of attacks recorded in colony sizes nine and twelve whilst in the three smaller colony sizes the dominant showed an exponential decline in aggressiveness.

TL;DR: It was possible to show that Phoxinus, a facultative schooler, tended to maintain a school structure as previously reported for obligate schooling species, and the structure was present only in a dynamic statistical sense and not in the sense of a rigid crystal lattice.

TL;DR: If the striking response is allowed to recover after it has waned it is found that recovery takes place in two stages and it is suggested that this reflects the operation of separate short-term and long-term memory systems with parallel entry.

TL;DR: Three species used mutual avoidance in maintaining individual distance and showed a significant increase in frequency of agonistic components in interspecific pairings.

TL;DR: Male mice of the LACA strain and from a wild stock were allowed to form territories in 180-cm2 enclosures and the clues by which they recognized the position of the territory boundaries were investigated by moving various landmarks or reference objects.

TL;DR: Female receptivity increased and then declined across a 6-day period of behavioural oestrus during the 44-day cycle of female Galago c.

TL;DR: Dominance relationships and the degree of association between members of groups of eastern grey kangaroos were investigated by observing a small group in captivity and a larger free-ranging group, finding a low level of positive association.

TL;DR: The two stimuli presented simultaneously resulted in higher spawning rates than when either were presented alone and hence, appeared to have an additive effect.

TL;DR: Stimuli capable of altering sexual receptivity in the female golden hamster were examined and increases in fighting generally accompanied decreases in receptivity.

TL;DR: Fourteen hens belonging to two breeds and with nesting experience were ovariectomized, and injected daily with oestrogen for periods of 6 weeks, but some Brown Leghorns showed these behaviour patterns under the influence of oestrogens.

TL;DR: The results indicate the presence of an aversive factor in male mouse urine which discourages prolonged investigation of an area marked with such urine and the relevance of these results to the concepts of territoriality is discussed.

TL;DR: Adult female golden hamsters exhibit smaller and less pigmented flank glands than do males and body weight of females correlates directly with social status, but, when body weight is held constant, social rank can be predicted from measures of the flank gland.

TL;DR: Maternal behaviour in the presence of newborn pups is determined by the age and size of the litter independent of parity of the mother, previous experience with different sized litters, and the number of days after delivery.

TL;DR: Five species of anuran amphibians were tested in an olfactometer for their ability to discriminate and respond to odours from breeding ponds and neither Hyla chrysoscelis nor Scaphiopus hurteri demonstrated olfactory orientation.

TL;DR: In this paper, seven virgin female mice of strain RAP (albino) were trained to key-press, using paper as a reinforcer, and their behavior was recorded when paper was delivered non-contingently, and when it was contingent upon keypressing on CRF and FR schedules.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors quantified the geographic variation in the vocalizations of southern Rocky Mountain pikas and presented data on the vocal responses of pika responses to playback of recorded vocalizations in two dialects.

TL;DR: Sound localization was investigated in a large pond open to a bay and similar to the normal environment of the animals, finding response loss was correlated with the fish being in the acoustic far-field.

TL;DR: It was shown that neither transquilizer (Pacitran) ingestion nor experimenter proximity had any significant influence on peeping, and an inverse relationship between peeping and activity latency was revealed.