Showing papers in "Applied Ergonomics in 1971"

TL;DR: From tests with 65 rehabilitees it was found that the maximum isometric strength of the back muscles measured at shoulder height should exceed 2/3 of the body weight, if fatigue and/or pain in theBack muscles is to be avoided during work in a standing stooped position.

TL;DR: The use of music in industry is discussed as a possible means of aiding alertness, especially in jobs where a certain amount of repetition is involved and the form of music and the length of programme are discussed.

TL;DR: This article describes one of the methods, for analysing human inspection performance, which has been developed and applied recently, with some success.

TL;DR: The effects of several parameters - such as letter orientation, slanting versus upright, dot matrix size, etc - of symbol formation on the legibility of CRT displays were studied and speed and accuracy of identification were used as the measures of legibility.

TL;DR: Some of the factors which need to be taken into account when selecting a particular way of writing to be understood are discussed.

TL;DR: It seems justifiable, for the present purpose, to use the term ergonomics to signify an approach to information presentation based entirely on the limitations and advantages of the human operator.

TL;DR: An anthropometric study of young wheelchair users indicated that appreciable inconsistencies in body shape existed which were not allowed for in present wheelchair design, and a new approach is proposed in which wheelchairs would be assembled from interlocking sections of variable size.

TL;DR: An investigation is described to ascertain optimum work surface heights in the kitchen, using several ergonomic techniques.

TL;DR: The case for using flight simulators as a training aid is propounded, and the drawbacks of training entirely in flight are listed, and a diagram illustrating the relative cost of using different types of simulator is given.

TL;DR: An investigation of engineering-drawing comprehension using a variety of subjects was used so that results would have a wider application.

TL;DR: This report is a compilation of the available human factors information related to the design of visual displays that include human performance, display characteristics and the interactions that must be considered in theDesign of visual display systems.

TL;DR: This article reviews two scientific papers by van Nes and Zeff, describing comparisons between digital and analogue (conventional) time displays, finding that a small time difference can be determined more quickly and precisely from simultaneously presented displays, if the displays are digital.

TL;DR: An opinion rating method is used to assess the effect on broadcast television pictures of the impairments that can arise in transmission from studio to receiver and summarized in terms of sets of objective magnitude values based on a scale of summable subjective impairment units termed IMPS.

TL;DR: The methods used to measure relevant aspects of consumer body size, physiological function, behaviour and preference are described and evaluated and the problem is discussed of integrating this ergonomics test information with other data to produce a recommended 'best brand'.

TL;DR: A new design was conceived to make the bayonet forceps more amenable to the surgeon's hand, ie ergonomically suitable, and was found superior to the old one in comfort, stability-in-use, and ease of operation.

TL;DR: The history and development of human factors engineering, or ergonomics, and of the Human Factors Society, is traced for the American scene and the more significant areas which might occupy specialists in this field during the next decade are emphasized.

TL;DR: In this article the Chairman of The Ergonomics Research Society considers, from the background of a recent study conference, some of the current changes in technology and the community, some resultant ergonomic problems, and how ergonomics resources should be better applied to serve community needs.

TL;DR: Results have been reported from experiments carried out by the Traffic Safety Research Group, University of Uppsala, Sweden to try to adapt the lighting conditions in night driving to human visual characteristics.

TL;DR: A series of designs of navigation bridges is used to illustrate typical problems and situations and an extension to dynamic simulation is necessary in order to study the actual work conditions in a new design.

TL;DR: It is concluded that a numerical display can provide sufficient dynamic information to allow the performance of a variety of tasks, but appears to demand more of the operator's attention than other types.

TL;DR: Methods of noise reduction for the tractor are outlined along with other approaches to hearing preservation to predict an 'acceptable' noise limit for the variable noise environment on the agricultural tractor.

TL;DR: Some of the methods to be used, and some of the important human factors aspects to be considered, are discussed and illustrated with examples from KLM at Amsterdam Airport.

TL;DR: The beginning of ergonomics research at Bisra and how it subsequently evolved is related and examples are given of experiments undertaken by the Human Factors Section to solve problems relating to the steel industry.

TL;DR: In this chapter, various factors are considered briefly which are relevant to the general problem of work organisation, including work study, biological work measurement, work-rest schedules, operator variability, learning, shiftwork and human ageing.

TL;DR: A review is presented of British Standards having some relevance to ergonomics, and the Standards selected are classified into the various areas of ergonomic.

TL;DR: The background and history of ergonomics in France is discussed; also the present position of ergonomic in industry, the military, and the universities is discussed.