Showing papers in "Asian geographer in 1991"
TL;DR: Yokohama, Japan's second largest city, owes its very existence to Japan's need to internationalise and open up to trade in the 1850s as mentioned in this paper. But in the past twenty-five years or so the city has lost much of its pivotal importance as a gateway port, as new forms of contact with the rest of the world have eroded the preeminent role of ships and seaports in global trade.
Abstract: Many Japanese cities are discovering ‘internationalisation’ as a means of solving problems associated with economic restructuring. Yokohama, Japan's second largest city, owes its very existence to Japan's need to internationalise and open up to trade in the 1850s. In the past twenty-five years or so the city has lost much of its pivotal importance as a gateway port, as new forms of contact with the rest of the world have eroded the preeminent role of ships and seaports in global trade. At the same time, the phenomonal growth of Tokyo has put Yokohama under the shadow of its giant neighbour less than 30km to the north. This paper reports on the city's current planning strategies and major projects designed to develop an international city more independent of Tokyo; one which is oriented to information and technology-based industries.
8 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a conceptual framework for examining international intermodal transport at the end of the period of high economic growth in the early 1980s is provided, with case studies of Nippon Express Co. Ltd and Nissin Corporation.
Abstract: A conceptual framework is provided for examining international intermodal transport at the end of the period of high-economic growth in the early 1980s. The structure of freight forwarding at this time is detailed with case studies of Nippon Express Co. Ltd and Nissin Corporation. Then the original conceptual framework is revised to accommodate changes occurring in the international multimodal transport of general cargo during the present low growth era. This leads to a discussion of the emerging forms of integrated organisation which threaten to subsume the freight forwarder. Thses are exemplified by reference to Yamato Transport Co. Ltd and Nippon Yusen Kabushiki Kaisha (NYK). The conclusion identifies the problems of creating an integrated system industry and proposes a likely final structure of international multimodal transport.
5 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a review of regional information development policies with its relationship to the Fourth Comprehensive National Development Plan and possible impacts on the shape of the national land system is presented, and it is argued that these policies are not regional imbalance correctors as they are only awarded to regions with innovative visions and implementation abilities, not necessarily the backward ones.
Abstract: Regional information development policies such as “teletopia”, “new media community”, “greentopia”, “intelligent city”, “information-oriented and futuristic city” and other new media facility promotion of various ministries of the central government in Japan are reviewed with its relationship to the Fourth Comprehensive National Development Plan and possible impacts on the shape of the national land system. It is argued that these policies are not regional imbalance correctors as they are only awarded to regions with innovative visions and implementation abilities, not necessarily the backward ones. Moreover, the groups of information haves and have-nots will appear as deregulation demands for self-financing. Nevertheless, success in these infrastructure building will help secure nodal points of information and communication for the emerging networked society, contributing to the formation of a multinuclear national land system.
4 citations
TL;DR: The present status of waste recycling in Bangladesh is studied through the identification of the system and its background, the products and their flow, and the economic values of the waste materials as discussed by the authors.
Abstract: The present status of waste recycling in Dhaka city in Bangladesh is studied through the identification of the system and its background, the products and their flow, and the economic values of the waste materials. The data demonstrated that wastes are collected by the scavengers, sorted and cleaned by vangari shopkeepers and wholesalers through cheap labour and transformed into new products by factories mostly located in the southern periphery of Dhaka near the river. Waste recycling is increasing and the profit made by vangari shop owners is rising, but waste pickers are deprived of their legitimate share because of their ignorance about market prices of waste materials. Careful planning and fair management is necessary for improving the situation.
1 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the trends in the location of supermarkets which have become a major factor in the locational dranges of urban commercial functions are considered, with a focus on the cities and particularly on the metropolitan areas.
Abstract: This paper has two purposes. First, the trends in the location of supermarkets which have become a major factor in the locational dranges of urban commercial functions are considered. Second, with a focus on the cities and particularly on the metropolitan areas, the changes in consumer spatial behavior brought about by the changes in the location of retail stores are studied within the parameters of the adaptation concept. The drastic changes occurring in commercial location in the metropolitan areas have forced the consumer to adapt to such changes accordingly.
1 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors focus on the high-tech industry which supports the technological innovation is developing around metropolitan areas especially in Tokyo, and what actually supports the industrial dynamics of Tokyo as the national nucleus is the complex system of numerous small and innova...
Abstract: Since 1985, the enterprises of Japan are coping stringently with the severely changing economic environment and have started a new high-leveled growth. The diversification of steel manufacturers is being advanced with the base in the Tokyo Region. In the automobile industry, the development of globalization is rapid. But within the country, the concentration of the management and R&D functions in Tokyo is increased along with the dispersion of manufacturing plants to other regions. The high-tech industry which supports the technological innovation is developing around metropolitan areas especially in Tokyo. For the machinery industry, in the changing economic conditions and innovation development, its national system with the nucleus in Tokyo has not changed, but the location activities of large enterprises are centered around Tokyo, the technological center. However, what actually supports the industrial dynamics of Tokyo as the national nucleus is the complex system of numerous small and innova...
1 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the key features and factors leading to the change in the process of internal migration are reviewed and the patterns of net migration in the period of 1956-1990 for the prefectures are categorized for further res...
Abstract: Japan has experienced a long and complex migration process. This process has been accompanied by a long and slow out-migration from rural to urban areas before the World Wars as a result of the industrialization process. Population were concentrated around the Tokaido megalopolis—the area along the Pacific coast between Tokyo and Osaka during the period of rapid economic growth in the 1950s and 1960s, and then suburbanization appeared in the areas surrounding the large metropolises in the later period. After the oil crisis in 1973, migration movement to the megalopolis reduced and the so-called “U-turn” movement emerged with migration dispersed to other regions and heading first to local areas. However, after 1983, population again concentrated towards the megalopolis. In this paper, the key features and factors leading to the change in the process of internal migration are reviewed. Also, the patterns of net migration in the period of 1956–1990 for the prefectures are categorized for further res...
1 citations
TL;DR: In this article, data on geographic awareness among respondents at four locations in the People's Republic of China are analyzed to provide perspective on the U.S. experience and the general patterns of agreement, degree of accuracy, and possible causes for variations are examined.
Abstract: Geographic ignorance is a focus of considerable discussion in the United States. Data on geographic awareness among respondents at four locations in the People's Republic of China are analyzed to provide perspective on the U.S. experience. The general patterns of agreement, degree of accuracy, and possible causes for variations are examined. Comparisons with findings of previous studies indicate a number of similarities and several significant differences in patterns of geographic knowledge.
TL;DR: This paper found that Singapore students' mental images of the world are generally limited and areally biased, and that the spatial biases in the younger generation's mental images can be addressed by addressing these biases.
Abstract: The aim of the paper is to show the practical value of studying the mental images that Singapore students have of the world. It reports an empirical study which yielded information on the spatial trends in students' mental image. Such an empirical exercise is important because it provides an understanding of how citizens of a global city, in this case, Singapore, view the world. The study found that that Singapore students' mental images of the world are generally limited and areally biased. No country, let alone a global city like Singapore, can hope to survive well without a citizenry that knows about the world. In the case of Singapore, to maintain progress and economic buoyancy, it is necessary for its people to know about the world and to become a part of the international community. A first step is to address the spatial biases in the younger generation's mental images.
TL;DR: In southern Jiangsu (SUNAN), a region developing and urbanizing, the nature and efficiency of farm production has changed significantly and recent economic reforms and restructuring in China have resulted in significant changes in the nature.
Abstract: Recent economic reforms and restructuring in China have resulted in significant changes in the nature and efficiency of farm production. In southern Jiangsu (SUNAN), a region developing and urbaniz...
TL;DR: A spatial decision support system, which integrates a geographic information system, a water quality simulation model, and expert system techniques, provides a useful management tool to evaluate land-use problems in the reservoir watershed.
Abstract: Non-point source pollution from agricultural activities on slope land has resulted in the deterioration of water quality in most reservoirs in Taiwan, and thus how to manage the agricultural activities has become one of the key issues in reservoir water quality management. A spatial decision support system, which integrates a geographic information system, a water quality simulation model, and expert system techniques, provides a useful management tool to evaluate land-use problems in the reservoir watershed. Non-point source pollution caused by the different land-use types can be simulated to evaluate their impact on reservoir water quality. This study proposes a conceptual framework for this decision support system. A prototype system that integrates an ARC/INFO GIS package, an AGNPS model, and an EXSYS Professional expert system shell has also been developed. The system was tested on the Fei-Tsui reservoir watershed near Taipei.